The right to be entitled to compensation for injuries sustained in the course of employment has always been an essential component of basic social security rights. Provision is made in the international sphere by the International Labour Organization and the United Nations. In the regional sphere there are standards that apply within the Southern African Development Community, and on a national level the rights are provided in terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, and the Compensation for Occupational Injuries and Diseases Act, 103 of 1993 (COIDA). COIDA provides for a system of no fault compensation for employees who have sustained injuries or contracted occupational diseases during the course of their employment. “No fault compensation” provides that an employee does not have to prove fault with the employer or any other party in to be entitled to claim compensation. COIDA’s main purpose is to provide for compensation for disablement caused by occupational injuries or diseases sustained or contracted by defined employees in the course of their employment. Section 49 of COIDA provides for compensation for permanent disablements. In terms of section 49, the Commissioner must assess the permanent disablement of the employee by applying Schedule 2 of COIDA, which stipulates percentages of disablement for different injuries or mutilations. By “matching” the injury or mutilation from which the employee is suffering to the corresponding injury or mutilation provided for in Schedule 2, the Commissioner is then able to determine the degree of permanent disablement. Discretions are also granted to the Commissioner in terms of which he is allowed to determine the degree of disablement suffered by an employee under certain circumstances. The nature and amount of compensation awarded depend on the degree of disablement that the employee is afflicted with. Compensation for permanent disablement may be paid either in a lump sum or a monthly pension depending on the degree of disablement determined. Problems arise with the application of both these approaches of determining the permanent disablement of an employee. The guidelines in Schedule 2 have been previously described to be applied “mechanically” with no consideration being given to the individual circumstances of the employee. In practice the discretion granted to the Commissioner in terms of section 49 is often not applied judicially, which has led to numerous objections being lodged against the initial amount of compensation granted. The lack of medical expertise at the initial assessment of the disablement, and the “mechanical application” of Schedule 2, often lead to the incorrect determination of the degree of permanent disablement from which the employee is actually suffering. The determination of the degree of disablement is often not consistent with Schedule 2 of COIDA and results in an unjustifiable amount of compensation granted to the employee which holds no relation to the impairment suffered. The core question that needs to be considered is whether and to what extent the employee is still useful for the labour market in the line of his or her employment, and the disablement should be assessed in the light thereof. / Thesis (LLM (Labour Law))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The reduction of workplace accidents and improvement of workplace safety is a concern for most mining houses. Pressure from the labour movement and legislative requirements do not make the burden any lighter. There are circumstances directly and indirectly relating to accidents and therefore a need to obtain an in-depth analysis of underlying causes of accidents in order to draw relevant conclusions exists. There are workplace environmental matters as well as individual attitudinal issues that need to be addressed. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of work stress and job insecurity with safety compliance, job satisfaction and commitment in a mine. A cross-sectional survey design was used with an availability sample (n=158). A survey booklet including a biographical questionnaire, scales on job insecurity, job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment, workplace accidents and safety compliance as well as a work stress measure comprising dimensions of role clarity, conflict and overload was administered. The results indicated that when miners experience work stress and job insecurity, their safety compliance is low. Job satisfaction was found to be a positive predictor of safety compliance among miners. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The reduction of workplace accidents and improvement of workplace safety is a concern for most mining houses. Pressure from the labour movement and legislative requirements do not make the burden any lighter. There are circumstances directly and indirectly relating to accidents and therefore a need to obtain an in-depth analysis of underlying causes of accidents in order to draw relevant conclusions exists. There are workplace environmental matters as well as individual attitudinal issues that need to be addressed. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship of work stress and job insecurity with safety compliance, job satisfaction and commitment in a mine. A cross-sectional survey design was used with an availability sample (n=158). A survey booklet including a biographical questionnaire, scales on job insecurity, job satisfaction, affective organisational commitment, workplace accidents and safety compliance as well as a work stress measure comprising dimensions of role clarity, conflict and overload was administered. The results indicated that when miners experience work stress and job insecurity, their safety compliance is low. Job satisfaction was found to be a positive predictor of safety compliance among miners. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

The concept of the investigation of accidents at job and the problems of the investigation of accidents at job in Lithuania and in foreign countries are analyzed in the theoretical part of the work. In the practical part of the work Lithuanian regulations of investigation of accidents at job are compared with the documents which regulate the investigation of accidents at job in Great Britain, Canada, Russia Federation and France. In proceedings of comparing analysis we intended to ascertain how the interests of the workers are protected during the investigation of accidents at job. To reach the aim, we made the analysis of the questionnaire results. The research and comparing analysis of legal documents confirmed the hypothesis arguably, that regulations of the investigation of accidents at job and account do not enough protect the interests of the workers during the investigation in Lithuania.

Darbo tikslas. Ištirti 5, 7, 9 klasių mokinių gebėjimų, laisvalaikio ir nelaimingų atsitikimų sąsajas Kaišiadorių ir Prienų rajone. (HBSC tyrimas, 2010). Darbo uždaviniai. Išanalizuoti paauglių fizinį aktyvumą, atsižvelgiant į aktyvią ir pasyvią veiklą; išanalizuoti tiriamosios grupės mokymosi gebėjimus paauglių požiūriu; apžvelgti tiriamosios grupės mokinių sužeidimus ir nelaimingus atsitikimus; įvertinti sąsajas tarp gebėjimų, laisvalaikio praleidimo būdo ir nelaimingų atsitikimų. Tyrimo objektas. Kaišiadorių ir Prienų rajono 5, 7, 9 klasių mokiniai. Tyrimo metodika. Atlikta Kaišiadorių ir Prienų rajono 5, 7, 9 klasių mokinių anoniminė anketinė apklausa. Atlikus tyrimą, Prienų rajone buvo gautos 326-ios anketos (atsako dažnis – 80,0 proc.), Kaišiadorių rajone – 335-ios anketos (atsako dažnis – 98,5 proc.). Atlikus duomenų kokybės vertinimą tinkamai užpildytomis buvo pripažintos Prienų ir Kaišiadorių rajonų 634 anketos (5-okų − 217, 7-okų − 202 ir 9-okų – 215). Gautų duomenų statistinė duomenų analizė atlikta naudojant SPSS 13.0 for Windows programą. Rezultatai. Vertinant fizinio aktyvumo dažnumą nustatyta, kad kas antras (48,2 proc.) paauglys buvo nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvus: mergaitės statistiškai reikšmingai dažniau nei berniukai (59,1 proc.ir 34,7 proc., atitinkamai; p=0,0001). Laisvalaikiu paaugliai daug laiko leidžia sėdėdami – vidutiniškai 10,6-11,78 val. per dieną: žiūri televizorių (bern. – 4,64 val./d.; merg. – 4,54 val./d.), naršo internete (berniukai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Aim of the study: to analyse correlations between abilities, leisure activities and accidents of 5th, 7 th, 9 th grade students of Kaisiadorys and Prienai districts (HBSC survey, 2010). Objectives of the study: to analyse teenagers’ physical activity concentrating on active and passive activity; to analyse the learning abilities of subjects from teenagers point of view; to review injuries and accidents of subjects; to evaluate correlations between abilities, leisure activities and accidents. Subject of the study: 5th, 7 th, 9 th grade students of Kaisiadorys and Prienai districts. Methods: The anonymous questionnaire was performed based on 5th, 7 th, 9 th grade students of Kaisiadorys and Prienai districts. 326 questionnaires were obtained from students of Prienai district (the response rate – 80 %) and 335 – from students of Kaisiadorys district (the response rate – 98.5 %). The assessment of data quality revealed that 634 questionnaires were filled in properly and were accepted from both districts (according to grade: 217 – 5th, 202 - 7th; 215 – 9th). Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Results. Every second teenager (48,2 %) was physically inactive according to the data of physical activity rate. There were significant differences in scores of girls and boys. Girls were significantly physically active than boys (59.1 % and 34.7 %; p=0,0001). During leisure teenagers spent more time sitting (on the average 10,6-11,78 hours per day):... [to full text]

In the early 21st century, the private commercial space transportation industry demonstrated that commercial human space flight is both technologically and economically feasible. In 2004, the United States Congress responded by passing legislation authorizing the Department of Transportation to license and regulates commercial human space flight. / This thesis examines and assesses the U.S. commercial human space flight vehicle licensing and regulatory law. Tort liability is inextricably linked to the success of the commercial human space flight industry and to that end this thesis provides an analysis of U.S. tort liability law in the event of a commercial human space flight vehicle accident.

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This thesis examines the way legal space risks are managed in commercial space transportation provided by major carriers, such as, NASA, the US private launch sector, and Arianespace, as well as in the system envisaged for Australia. Its purpose is to show that even if all systems tend to provide a favorable risk allocation scheme to the space launch industry, there are several alternatives for the telecommunications satellite operators. It also attempts to show that, even if all these risk sharing regimes have been modeled after NASA's, there are certain important differences, which stem from the different political objectives of each of the countries where these carriers are inserted.

It has been well established in previous research that driving during rainfall is associated with increased risk of traffic collision involvement. Of particular concern are heavy rain events, which result in elevated risks up to three times higher than those for light rainfalls. As the global climate changes in the coming century, altered precipitation patterns are likely. The primary objective of this thesis is to estimate the potential impacts of climate change on traffic safety in two large Canadian urban regions: the Greater Toronto Area and Greater Vancouver. A secondary objective is to provide a framework or methodology for exploring this question. In accomplishing the primary objective, daily collision and climate records are utilized to establish an empirical estimate of present-day rainfall-related crash risk. This estimate is combined with results of a climate modelling exercise to arrive at a possible traffic safety future for urban Canada over the next 40 years. For the second objective, several important decisions related to data acquisition, compatibility, and completeness are considered, and the tradeoffs are mapped out and discussed, in order to provide guidance for future studies. Results indicate that over the next 40 years, Toronto is likely to see a mean annual increase in rain days of all intensities, resulting in marginally more collisions and casualties each year. Substantially more rainfall days are projected for Vancouver by mid-century, resulting in a small increase in annual incident counts. In both study regions, the greatest adverse safety impact is likely to be associated with moderate to heavy rainfall days (≥ 10 mm); this estimate is consistent with the greater risk increases associated with these conditions today, and suggests that attention should be paid to future changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. Indeed, heavy rain days are likely to account for approximately half of all additional collision and casualty incidents.