In last two decades medicine and nursery have experienced many reforms. In-patients are regarded self-contained human beings, persons with biopsychosocial needs. The holistic approach of human reflects also in paediatrics. After 1990 family has become a part of medical and nursery process. In case of a child hospitalisation contacts of the child and his/her family are not constrainedly interrupted but on the contrary there occurs a possibility of a common stay of children and parents or other persons caring for the child. For my Diploma Thesis I chose the theme: ``Stay of a child in hospital in terms of an accompanying person.`` This thesis contains two parts, the theoretical and empirical one. The theoretical part is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter is devoted to history of common hospitalisation of a child and his/her mother, the second one describes hospitalisation of a child with an accompanying person at present. In other chapters there are described rights of a child and accompanying persons, individual development periods of a child in connection with a disease and hospitalisation, what effect do disease or pain have on the child and reaction of the child to hospitalisation. Following chapters are devoted to the nursery process at children{\crq}s department and to medical care organisation in the Czech Republic. The empirical part is focused on finding out the level of satisfaction with the nursery care for a hospitalised child in terms of an accompanying person, which was directly the objective of the Diploma Thesis. The research proceeded in form of a quantitative investigation using a questionnaire survey. To complete and perfect the information obtained I used the qualitative investigation which proceeded in form of a depth interview. In conclusion it is possible to say that all the four hypotheses proved true: the hypothesis 1 An accompanying person is satisfied with the nursery care for a child in hospital. Hypothesis 2 An accompanying person provides a positive evaluation of the approach of nurses , the hypothesis 3 An accompanying person when staying in hospital is sufficiently informed about the child patient regime and the hypothesis 4 An accompanying person is satisfied with the environment of the department. In interviews the respondents mentioned often a missing alarm system in rooms to be the biggest negative of the common stay of a child and an accompanying person in hospital, which means insufficient contact with a nurse in case of a need of an assistance. The respondents liked the most being sufficiently informed about the child patient regime. It will be possible to use the results of the Diploma Thesis for evaluation of quality of the nursery care at children` departments and for proposal of corrective measures in the relevant area, which should lead to increase of satisfaction in the area of care for a hospitalised child and accompanying person.

The adaptation to a new country is a complex and stressful process that is compounded when changes in status and identity have to be made. This exploratory study examined the adaptation of international company transferee spouses when they decide to follow the transferee on overseas assignments. Research to date indicates that the spouses’ dissatisfaction with life abroad is the leading cause of transferees breaking contract and prematurely returning home. The causes of this dissatisfaction are still not clear and this study sought greater clarification, particularly examining the experiences of male as well as female trailing spouses. The study, thus, takes gender as a main variable to consider. It explores how gendered expectations inherent in the structures of society inflect and inform the decisions, attitudes, and behaviors that affect the adaptations of trailing spouses living in a foreign habitus. The study is based on eight months of ethnographic research in two culturally different locations, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Brussels, Belgium. Forty-two American international company transferee spouses were recruited (seven males and thirty-five females). The data analysis revolved around five main themes: (1) the comparison of male with female trailing spouses’ experiences, (2) the effect of location on spouses’ adaptation, (3) the communities that spouses integrate into, (4) variations in personal work and family histories, and (5) conditions of exit. The analysis engaged multiple theories regarding gender, sociological adaptation, and psychological adaptation. Results indicate that both socio-cultural and psychological factors affect adaptation and that gender matters very significantly, particularly along two axes: (1) gendered structures in our society create different reasons why males and females become trailing spouses, (2) the gendered social constructions of role expectations make the experience of being a trailing husband different from being a trailing wife. In addition spouses’ status as parents (or not) and their “readiness for change” were found to be important predictors of positive spousal adaptation. In contrast, significant ties with families in the home country and strong professional identity with career projections were important predictors of negative spousal adaptation.

Les maladies chroniques non transmissibles sont la première cause de mortalité évitable dans le monde. L’origine de ces maladies est multifactorielle. L’inactivité physique (IP) et la sédentarité sont progressivement devenues des facteurs de risque majeurs de ces maladies. L’activité physique (AP) régulière permet d’améliorer la santé et de prévenir les risques de comorbidités et de mortalité. L’arrivée massive des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) offre de nouveaux outils de promotion de l’AP. L’objectif de ces travaux est d’évaluer le potentiel des TIC en tant que support d’accompagnement en AP auprès de patients atteints d’une maladie chronique. Ainsi, le premier travail avait pour objectif de déterminer les connaissances, usages et intérêts des patients vis-à-vis de l’utilisation des TIC dans le parcours de soins et pour l’AP. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons étudié l’effet d’un réentrainement supervisé de trois mois et d’un podomètre sur les intentions et les motivations vis-à-vis de l’AP, la perception de l’état de santé et le niveau d’AP et de sédentarité de sujets porteurs de pathologies chroniques. Enfin, la troisième étude portait sur l’impact d’un atelier d’information en AP Adaptée (APA) couplé à l’utilisation d’un dispositif numérique d’accompagnement personnalisé pendant un an, comparé à celui d’une brochure d’information et d’exemples d’exercices en APA, sur l’atteinte des recommandations en AP chez des patients. Ces travaux montrent que les patients atteints de maladie chronique utilisent les TIC, mais qu’ils ont des connaissances technologiques partielles. Ils sont moyennement favorables à l’utilisation de ces outils dans le domaine de la santé et de l’AP. Les patients ont besoin d’être rassurés et formés à l’utilisation de ces nouveaux outils. La prise en charge thérapeutique par l’AP est efficace pour instaurer le changement comportemental chez les patients mais ne permet pas de le maintenir sur le long terme. La remise d’un podomètre ne suffit pas à les remotiver pour pratiquer l’AP. Les résultats préliminaires de la troisième étude obtenus sur un sous–échantillon des patients indiquent qu’un atelier en APA suivi d’un accompagnement personnalisé par un dispositif numérique ou que la remise d’une brochure de conseils et d’exemples d’exercices pourrait augmenter la quantité d’AP déclarée à 12 mois. L’analyse en intention de traiter reste à faire pour confirmer ces résultats. La prise en charge thérapeutique par l’AP est efficace pour instaurer le changement comportemental, à condition que le patient soit prêt et motivé. Souvent elle ne suffit pas pour maintenir ce changement sur le long terme, révélant la nécessité d’un accompagnement personnalisé en AP, qui peut prendre plusieurs formes suivant les besoins des patients (sessions d’AP individuelles ou en groupe, dispositif numérique, brochure). / Non communicable chronic diseases are the first cause of avoidable death in the world. The origin of these diseases is multifactorial. Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are gradually becoming major risk factors. Regular Physical Activity (PA) allows improving health and preventing the risks of comorbidity and mortality. Massive development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) offers new tools of PA promotion. The aim of these works is to assess the ICT as a mean to support patients with chronic diseases in their PA practice. Thus, the first study aimed to determine patients’ knowledge, use and interest towards ICT applied to health and PA fields. In a second study, we studied the impact of a 3-months supervised PA program associated with a pedometer on the intentions and motivations towards PA, perceived health and active and sedentary behaviors. Finally, the third study was a one-year intervention comparing the effect of an Adapted Physical Activity (APA) workshop associated with a personalized digital system with that a guideline and examples in APA on the achievements of the PA recommendations. These works showed that patients with chronic diseases used the ICT, but they had partial technological knowledge. They were moderately in favour of the ICT use in health and the PA fields. The patients needed to be reassured and trained in the use of these new tools. Patients care by PA resulted in a significant change in behavior but did not allow maintaining it in the long term. The pedometer was not sufficient to increase PA practice. Preliminary results of the third study indicated that an APA workshop followed by a personalized digital system use or a guidelines and exercises book could increase reported PA level 12 months after the study beginning. The intent-to-treat analysis will be performed later to confirm these results.Patients care by PA is effective to provoke behavioral changes if the patient is ready and motivated by health benefits. Often this initial care is not sufficient to keep 150 min-by week PA in the long term, revealing the need to continue the patients’ accompanying. Several forms could be considered depending on patients’ needs (individual or group sessions, digital device, guideline).

The musical developments of the 20th century have expanded the role of the accompanist. As the compositional output of our time increases, and the opportunity to perform as soloist with an orchestra diminishes, piano reductions of an orchestral score are becoming the most frequent vehicle for concerto performances of twentieth and twenty-first century instrumental literature. While the current state of research provides solid support to many accompanists, it is in the area of instrumental accompanying, especially with regard to the challenges of playing a reduction of an orchestral score with an instrumental soloist, that the lack of discourse becomes strikingly evident. It is the goal of this study to provide the instrumental accompanist with concrete, practical approaches and considerations in order to perform an orchestral reduction in a manner consistent with the integrity of the score. Problems such as identifying the represented orchestral instruments, delineating importance of musical lines, and basic uses and misuses of pedal, articulation, and rubato are discussed. The pianist is led through ways of deciphering and negotiating specific passages, in order to guide the accompanist through the possible pitfalls and challenges unique to many orchestral reductions. By focusing on twentieth century reductions, providing examples of problems and discussing ways to solve them, the pianist will able to apply these to any reduction encountered, not just those specifically illustrated here. These basic principles of discerning common problems and appropriately reconciling them are then applied in a more advanced form to Robert Nelson's Concertino for Baritone Saxophone (1996). Through commentary from the composer, and a comparison of the orchestral score to the reduced piano score, the accompanist will explore detailed techniques of performing this work in a manner that upholds the original “orchestral” intent of the music.

本研究的主要提問是：「城隍神的角色為何﹖」並且選擇「社會角色」作為本研究的分析架構。華人的超自然世界形同一個社會，其中的神祇是社會化的，祂們並以群體的方式出現在廟宇中。而且，廟內神祇之間存在的關係，定義了祂們所處的微型社會，以及祂們的角色。就像是父子、母子、夫妻這些關係定義了存在這些關係的場域為「家庭」這個微型社會，以及父親、母親、女兒這些角色。因此，本研究以這樣的架構，去探討城隍神的角色。 根據本研究的探討，當代臺灣本島城隍神的角色有四種：1.地方官，2.陰間執法官，3.鬼王，4.地方守護神。對照歷史時期中國城隍神的角色，發現臺灣本島城隍神的角色不脫離城隍信仰的源頭――中國，清朝時期的中國城隍神就已經具有當代臺灣本島所有的城隍神角色了。然而，在一個集體概念之下的城隍神還是有屬於當代的、臺灣本島的形式表現與內涵解釋。一是城隍神因應環境而被強化的既有角色，例如鬼王。一是在既有的角色上，因應需求，使得角色的內容有新的轉向，例如同是地方守護神，卻產生針對不同需求的守護內容。 也就是說，從城隍神的角色來看，有不變，也有變的內涵。那麼，變與不變之間是斷裂的，亦或有其連續性呢？本研究發現城隍神的多元角色，不脫離其根源的概念：土、地、陰。這個概念根源，是其一切變化的源頭。而各種角色與概念根源之間展現出一種連續性，是因為城隍神或說民間信仰神祇的各種角色必須要有合理的立基基礎方能成立，而且，其基礎是建立在一套文化知識或聯想邏輯上的。 最後，筆者認為，除了文字之外，廟宇中的陪祀神也是一種描述的符號。這一類在漢人宗教研究中一種未被關注的描述符號，可以提供我們另外一種觀看漢人神祇的重要角度。 / The goal of this article is to answer “What roles does the City God play?” Concerning role is the issue, “social roles” is taken as the analyzing structure here. The supermundane world of Chinese religion is embodied in the temples. In the temples, the deities do not show up alone, and they are socialized. The relationship between the chief deity and the accompanying deities defines the society where they are and the roles they play. Through the analyzing structure of social roles, this research found that the City God in modern Taiwan island plays 4 roles: 1. Magistrate, 2. The judge in the hell, 3. Chief of ghost, and 4. Regional protector. Compared with the roles of the City God in historical era, the 4 roles are not new. Even though sharing a general and consistent image, the City God with modern interpretation incidentally have different expression and content to meet new needs. Futher, after examining the elements of roles, the core concepts of the variations: soil(土), ground(地), and yin(陰) come to light. All the roles necessarily link to the core concepts because the concepts are the logical base of the City God belief, and they provide the legitimacy. After all, this research proves that the structure of “social role” is applicable in understanding Chinese deities, and the “accompanying deities” play crucial roles in identifying the roles of the chief deity in the temple.

The diploma thesis discusses the impact of foster care on biological children of foster parents from the perspective of foster parents, biological children of foster parents and experts in their work with the issue of foster care encounter. Aim of this work is to propose options for social work with biological children of applicants for foster care in the way they are not negatively affected. Key words: foster care, biological children of foster parents, accompanying foster families, preparing for foster care

No description available.

Des études récentes confirment que la violence au travail dans le secteur de la santé est universelle, malgré certaines différences locales, et qu’elle impacte aussi bien les hommes que les femmes, (Di Martino, 2002). Cette recherche, s’attache à décrire les perceptions de la violence et de la souffrance chez ces professionnels de santé, à travers l’évaluation de la perception des risques psychosociaux, par les infirmiers et ce, dans les services des urgences, et d’hospitalisation à Tunis.Il s’agit de souffrances délétères multiples, qui se teintent du stress, et du burn out, s’alimentent de l’anxiété, s’amplifient par un système organisationnel défaillant et une qualité relationnelle inconsistante Il s’agit d’une étude, descriptive, transversale, prospective, portant sur une population d’infirmiers, exerçant dans trois hôpitaux répartis sur des services d’urgence et des services d’hospitalisation. L’étude est divisée, en parties ; exploratoire, quantitative et qualitative. Le cadre de référence général, étant l’approche systémique, notamment par Brondenfenbrenner (1979), ainsi que ; dans le domaine de l’organisation, par Mintzberg et en communication par l’école Palo Alto…, associée, essentiellement, à L’approche transactionnelle, sur le stress et le coping ; ainsi que l’approche humaniste en sciences infirmières (en matière de la relation soignant-soigné). / Recent studies, confirm that workplace violence in the health sector is universal, despite some local differences. It affects both men and women. (Di Martino, 2002). This research attempts to describe the perceptions of violence and suffering within these health professionals through the evaluation of perception of psychosocial risks by nurses in the emergency and hospitalization departments in the governorate of Tunis. It is about multiple deleterious sufferings, which are tinged with stress, and burn out. Fed with anxiety, and amplified by a faulty organizational system, and an inconsistent relational quality. It is a descriptive cross-sectional prospective study of a nursing population working in three hospitals distributed over emergency and hospitalization departments. The study isdivided into exploratory, quantitative and qualitative parts. The general frame of reference, being the systemic approach, notably by Brondenfenbrenner (1979), as well as; in the field of organization, by Mintzberg, and in communication, by the school Palo Alto ..., associated essentially with the transactional approach, on stress and coping as well as the humanistic approach to nursing (Healer-healed relationship).

Une entreprise du domaine de l'énergie met en œuvre des dispositifs de professionnalisation qui durent plusieurs mois et auxquels participent tous les nouveaux recrutés quel que soit leur diplôme et quelle que soit leur future affectation. Pour accompagner le dispositif, il y a la présence un nouveau type de personnage. Quelles sont les fonctions de ce personnage et quel est l'impact de son action sur la professionnalité des stagiaires. / A business in the field of energy implements professionalization devices lasting several months and involving all new hires regardless of their degree and whatever their future assignment. To accompany the device, there is the presence of a new type character. What are the functions of this character and what is the impact of its action on the professionalism of the trainees.

The thesis deals with insuring a humanly dignified care for terminally ill senior people approached as the goal of a social work in a hospital environment. Medical facilities belong to places where senior people most often pass away, and where their dignity is also most endangered. The basis for working out the thesis is describing the man seen as the being whole and at the same time uniuqe, in which one sees man?s dignity. The following part of the thesis is dedicated to a palliative care as a guarrantor of maintaining dignified and quality life till its end. A knowledge of conceiving a terminally ill senior man, his/her needs and values is for a provision of the palliative care necessary. A part of the thesis deals with a specificity of social work in a palliative care, and with professional a personal competencies of a social worker. A provision of a support to those terminally ill and their close ones is in a hospital environment insured only partly. Based on the information collected the thesis is dedicated to outlining a humanly dignified care as the aim of social work. A social worker can participate on the above mentioned by being in a role of an accompanying one and a consultant for those left. A possibility to support a spiritual dimension of the man to which a social worker is in his/her both roles often close is approached in the final part of the thesis.