Wang, Xueju. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-269). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; some appendixes in Chinese.

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / This study analyses the national election manifestos of the African National Congress on the subject of service delivery between 1994 and 2014. One of the arguments advanced in this thesis and corroborated in the theory of democratization by elections is that elections play an important role in the struggle for better governance and democracy. The election manifestos, in this regard, serve as instruments of ensuring accountability to the voters as well as gauging the performance of those in government. The party in government must implement its election manifestos; otherwise it must face electoral consequences through a democratic election process. However, there is a view aptly sustained in the study that elections are at times not a reliable or credible measure of a democratic outcome because many voters do not have the necessary knowledge to make rational choices in order to counteract the effects of poor or lack of implementation of election manifestos regarding service delivery. Therefore, as cautioned in the thesis, conscious public participation will remain an empty slogan if the majority of the electorate is left and forgotten languishing in poverty and arrogance. The sustainability of participation by citizens is hugely compromised in an environment infested with rampant corruption and runaway impunity. The study followed an interpretivist paradigm with a qualitative approach. ANC members in four villages –Duthuni, Tshisaulu, Ha-Mushavhanamadi and Ha-Ratshiedana (ward 35, Thulamela Municipality) were purposively targeted as the research population for the study. For practical reason, not all members of the ANC in the villages were reached to participate in the study. Ultimately, 42 members of the ANC in the villages formed the research sample. Data collection techniques used were face-to-face interviews, semi-structured questionnaire and document review (data triangulation). The rationale for using data triangulation in the study was to ensure that the weaknesses of a single data collection strategy were minimized and to ensure that the strategies complemented and verified one another. A total of 12 interviews were conducted, 30 questionnaires were administered and five ANC national election manifestos were perused. Three qualitative data analysis strategies were adopted, namely, conversation analysis, discourse analysis and content analysis. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data consisted of words and observations and not numbers or statistics because the researcher did not want to quantify nor generate numerical data for purposes of statistical analysis.

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>

<p>Municipal councils are vested with the legal authority to promote financial accountability in their respective municipalities. To accomplish this responsibility, municipal council establishes committees to enable a structured and coordinated mechanism through which it can promote financial accountability effectively. However and despite the available legal and institutional mechanisms established to enable council committees to promote financial accountability, the lack of effective financial accountability in municipalities has persisted. This study focused on the role of council committees in ensuring financial accountability. It was guided by the following research questions: What are the major factors that contribute to financial accountability at local level, what is the role of council committees in promoting financial accountability and how can council committees be strengthened to play an effective role in Stellenbosch municipality&rsquo / s municipal financial accountability. Stellenbosch Local Municipality was used as a case study for this research. The data was collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data was sourced from members of relevant council committees through structured and unstructured interviews. Secondary data was obtained from relevant municipal reports, internet sources, government department publications, journals and Auditor - General&rsquo / s reports which contributed to the reliability, validity and objectivity of the findings. The findings showed that political instability, a lack of a culture of accountability, lack of clearly defined authority for accountability, lack of relevant capacity and willingness are some of the major factors that have impacted negatively on council committees from promoting effective financial accountability. The study opens up the possibility of future research to include a wider number of municipalities.</p>

國際非政府組織憑藉著組織的專業與知識、資訊的提供、組織架構的彈性以及多元的網絡，在國際社會中佔有重要的角色。但同時也面臨一些挑戰，例如缺乏合法性、代表性與責信。其中責信問題涵蓋最廣，也最為重要。 責信是國際非政府組織向利害關係者解釋其行為，利害關係者包含政府、捐款者、受益者、組織會員、組織員工、企業以及其他組織，當然更應涵括一般群眾，因為國際非政府組織具有草根性的性質。 國際非政府組織都必須解釋行為，且把解釋的行為的措施發展為一套機制，融入組織的架構之中，以利組織長期貫徹責信；利於利害關係者追蹤與檢視責信。這些措施集結成五種責信機制：資訊公開 、成效評估、擴大參與、自我規範以及社會審核。

Ce travail de recherche a pour but d'apporter des éléments théoriques ainsi que pratiques au débat sur le causes et conséquences de la politisation des deux hauts tribunaux en Colombie, à fin d'enrichir la discussion. Concrètement, cette thèse doctorale analyse la manière dont les hauts juges sont élus et les conséquences les plus visibles de ces processus de sélection. A partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative, cette étude explore la façon dont l'autonomie de juges est conditionnée par le processus qu'ils suivent pour être élus. Pour conclure, cette thèse se penche aussi sur l'état actuel du bilan entre l'indépendance des juges et leur responsabilité vis-à-vis de leur fonction. / This researching work intends to provide theoretical and practical elements to enrich the debate about the causes and consequences of the politicization of two high tribunals in Colombia. In fact, this doctoral project analyses the way the election of the high judges is carried out and the respective consequences of these selection processes. Throughout a quantitative and qualitative analysis, we explore the way the autonomy of the judges is conditioned by their election process. Finally, the current state of the assessment between independence and responsibility of the judges is also tackled.

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-08T19:18:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALINE ALVES BANDEIRA.pdf: 1410185 bytes, checksum: 4ef5c08d6a674fd98037967d01a6f659 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2016-02-26T20:55:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALINE ALVES BANDEIRA.pdf: 1410185 bytes, checksum: 4ef5c08d6a674fd98037967d01a6f659 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T20:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO ALINE ALVES BANDEIRA.pdf: 1410185 bytes, checksum: 4ef5c08d6a674fd98037967d01a6f659 (MD5) / O direito à informação encontra-se assegurado na Constituição Federal vigente no Brasil. A Lei de Arquivos e as suas regulamentações dispõem sobre o direito à informação a ser exercitado pelo indivíduo e pela população em geral. Ao Estado cabe a obrigação de disponibilizar informações contida em arquivos mantidos pelo poder público. A presente pesquisa procurou estabelecer um estudo conjunto da Ciência da Informação, do Direito e da Arquivística no sentido de aferir se a regulamentação que se tem produzido em relação ao direito à informação consagrado na CF-88 impede a aplicação ou cumprimento desse direito. Tem-se como recorte da pesquisa os Poderes Executivo Federal e Legislativo Federal, durante o período de 05/10/1988 (data da publicação da atual Constituição Federal Brasileira) a 31/12/2005. Houve a abordagem da accountability como elemento significativo para a construção de uma sociedade mais democrática, haja vista que o Estado que mantém aberto o canal comunicacional com o seu povo promove a legitimidade administrativa. Entretanto, no que concerne à realidade brasileira há um grande hiato entre a mencionada transparência governamental e a disponibilização de informações acerca da gestão pública pelos agentes políticos e governamentais. Faz-se alusão à necessidade de o ator social conhecer o seu direito à informação contida em arquivos dos poderes públicos, bem como conhecer os instrumentos de defesa dos seus direitos, pois o conteúdo informacional para agregar valor ao agente receptor, há de ser inteligível, socializando-se o conhecimento. / The right to information is assured in the Federal Constitution in force at present in Brazil. The Law on Archives and its regulation dispose on the right to information to be exercised by the individual and the population in general. The State has the obligation to make information available to the votting public and, in turn, a person has the authority to acess information contained in archives held within the public domain. The present research sought to set up a joint study group on Information Science, the Law and Archives to gauge the extent to wich the regulation that has been produced in relation to the right to information enshrined in CF-88actually impedes the application of execution of that right. The research focuses on Executive and Legislative Federal Powers, covering the period from 05/10/88(the publication of current Brazilian Federal Constitution)to 31/12/2005. The approach used was what of accountability in the sense of building of a more democratic society; in that, the State that maintains open a channel of communication with its people promotes administrative ligitimacy. However, what is of concem about Brazilian reality at present is that there is a big gap between the above-mentioned government transparency and the information made available concerning public administration by the political and government agents.The study refers to the need for the social actor to know theis rights of acess to information contained in archives kept by the State - as well as to know how to act in defense of their rights-because in order for informative content to be of value to the receiving agent it must be intelligble, becoming socialized knowledge.

O presente trabalho analisa o desempenho do Tribunal de Contas da União no que diz respeito ao controle do uso de recursos públicos federais. Mais especificamente buscou estimar o impacto de variáveis políticas e institucionais sobre a probabilidade das contas de unidades jurisdicionadas pelo TCU serem fiscalizadas e julgadas por irregularidade das contas. Considerando os limites impostos por seu desenho institucional, além da análise descritiva dos dados, modelos de dois estágios (modelo de Heckman) foram aplicados para evitar o viés de seleção provocado pelo fato de que nem todos os jurisdicionados pelo Tribunal de Contas são fiscalizados. Os resultados indicam que variáveis ligadas ao perfil político e técnico dos ministros são menos importantes para explicar a variação de desempenho do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparadas a variáveis institucionais ligadas ao tipo de iniciativa que provocou a fiscalização. Tal resultado contraria duas expectativas presentes em grande parte da literatura especializada, segundo as quais o perfil dos dirigentes do TCU e a coordenação do TCU com outras instituições seriam os fatores explicativos chaves para o padrão de desempenho da instituição. Ao contrário, os resultados sustentam a hipótese de que o sucesso da instituição no que se refere a identificar contas irregulares está mais associado ao empenho dos próprios integrantes do Tribunal de Contas, quando comparado às provocações de outras instituições autorizadas a solicitar fiscalização. / This study analyzes the performance of the Brazilian Federal Audit Court with regard to the control of federal public values. More specifically it sought to estimate the impact of political and institutional variables on the probability of the jurisdictional units accounted by TCU are audited and judged from irregular accounts. When considering the limits imposed by TCUs institutional design, in addition to the descriptive analysis of the data, two-stage models (Heckman model) were applied to avoid selection bias caused by the fact that not all the jurisdictional units are monitored. The results indicate that variables related to political and technical profile of the ministers are less important in explaining the variation in performance of the Court of Auditors, than institutional variables related to the type of initiative that triggered the inspection. This result contradicts the expectation of the literature according to which the composition of TCU\'s leaderships and coordination between TCU and other institutions would be the key factors to explain the standard performance of the institution. Rather, the results support the hypothesis that the success of the institution regarding to identify irregular accounts is more associated with the members efforts of the Court of Auditors, if compared to the initiative of other institutions authorized to request supervision.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar o nível de Accountability Horizontal dos Relatórios de Gestão das Universidades Federais Brasileiras apresentados ao Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), como instrumento de avaliação de resultados pré-estabelecidos no orçamento da União, avaliando a adequação dos relatórios às dimensões de Accountability informacional, justificação e enforcement. Por intermédio do método de análise de conteúdo, utilizou-se de técnicas de tipologia textual da teoria linguística para classificar o nível de Accountability dos relatos das realizações da ação orçamentária 4009 dos Relatórios de Gestão das Universidades Federais em informacional (1º nível) ou em justificação (2ª nível), assim como para verificar se os normativos do TCU contribuíram com Enforcement (3º nível) para o aumento do nível de Accountability Horizontal. Análise dos RG e dos Normativos procedeu-se pela elaboração, com base na teoria revisada, e aplicação de duas matrizes: \"Matriz de Análise da Dimensão Responsabilidade da Ação 4009\" e a \"Matriz de Análise da Dimensão Enforcement dos normativos do TCU sobre os Relatórios de Gestão das Universidades Federais\". Ao final das análises, considerando os resultados da aplicação das duas matrizes, as limitações e as restrições das análises à ação 4009 e a normativos específicos do TCU, chegou-se a conclusão de que os relatos da ação orçamentária 4009 enquadram-se na dimensão informacional, embora houvesse enforcement, por parte do TCU, para que se atingisse o nível dimensional de justificação. Entretanto, mesmo que houvesse limitações e restrições quanto à generalização das análises da ação 4009 e dos normativos do TCU pelas duas matrizes, a \"Matriz de Análise da Dimensão Responsabilidade da Ação 4009\" poderia ser aplicada a outras ações orçamentárias de diferentes Entidades Públicas e exercícios financeiros e a \"Matriz de Análise da Dimensão Enforcement dos normativos do TCU sobre os Relatórios de Gestão das Universidades Federais\" poderia ser aplicada a outros normativos do TCU ou de outras Agências de Accountability de diferentes esferas de governo. / The aim of this study was to verify the level of Horizontal Accountability of the Management Reports of the Brazilian Federal Universities, which were presented to the Brazilian Federal Court of Auditors (TCU), as an instrument of assessment of pre-established results in the Central government budget, by evaluating the adequacy of the reports to the informational, justification and enforcement dimensions of Accountability. Content analysis was used along with techniques of textual typology of linguistics to classify the level of Accountability of the reports of the achievements of the budget action #4009 of the Management Reports of the Federal Universities in informational (1st level) or justification (2nd level), as well as to check whether the regulations of TCU contributed with Enforcement (3rd level) to increase the level of Horizontal Accountability. The analysis of the Management Reports and of the normative acts were performed through elaboration, based on the revised theory, and application of two matrices, named \"Analysis of Dimension Responsibility of Action #4009\" matrix and \"Analysis of Dimension Enforcement of the TCU normative acts on the universities\' Management Reports\" matrix. At the end of the analysis, considering the results of the application of the two matrices, the limitations and restrictions of the analysis to the action #4009 and the specific legislation enacted by TCU, the conclusion was that the reports of the budget action #4009 fall into the informational dimension, although there was enforcement, by the TCU, in order to reach the dimensional level of justification. However, even if there were restrictions and limitations regarding the generalization of the analysis of the action #4009 and of the TCU normative acts, the \"Analisys of Dimension Responsibility of Action #4009\" matrix could be explained by other budget actions of different public entities and financial exercises; and the \"Analysis of Dimension Enforcement of the TCU normative acts on the universities\' Management Reports\" matrix could be applied to other normative acts of TCU or other agencies of Accountability in different government spheres.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1087447 bytes, checksum: 79d5a97951be60c035d3c842b880cb73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-24 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Global Administrative Law theory has risen as an alternative to the traditional reading of global governance, interpreting that much of global regulatory governance can be seen as a form of administration. For this reason, it has included a range of actors, other than states, as global agents capable of making decisions, norms and standard, within specific legal regimes (understood as types of administration), encompassed in a global administrative space, in which practices are optimized by adoption of domestic administrative law tools and principles, where accountability is lied as a central mechanism once it serves as a way of strengthening the legitimacy of global law. In this sense, it can be highlighted the struggle of clearly determining, sometimes, who is affected by the law that emerges from GAL, leaving the civil society with the role of representing the global public . The present study aims ultimately to understand the notion of accountability applied from GAL s perspective, within an exercise of identifying central elements that allows the attainment of accountability mechanisms e.g. the establishment of standards, propagation of information and enforcement of standards through sanctions in WTO s scope, under a horizontal level i.e. considering only the states as likely of applying accountability and, under a vertical level i.e. listing civil society as the final recipient of multilateral system trade rules as a manner of exploring until where WTO can be seen as accountable and, therefore, can reinforce the legitimacy of its rules within the global administrative space. / A teoria do Direito Administrativo Global surgiu como uma alternativa às tradicionais leituras da governança global, interpretando que muito da governança regulatória global pode ser vista como uma forma de administração. Por conta disto, passou a incluir uma série de outros atores, que não os Estados, como agentes globais capazes de tomar decisões, produzir normas e padrões, dentro de determinados regimes jurídicos (entendidos como tipos de administração), englobados em um espaço administrativo global, no qual as suas práticas são otimizadas pela adoção de princípios e ferramentas do Direito Administrativo doméstico, estando a accountability disposta como um mecanismo central, uma vez que serve como meio de fortalecimento de legitimidade das normas globais. Neste sentido, se destaca dificuldade do DAG de, por vezes, estabelecer a figura do destinatário das normas que emergem do seu âmbito, restando à sociedade civil o papel de representar o público global . O presente trabalho se propõe, por fim, a compreender a noção de accountability aplicada sob a perspectiva do DAG, num exercício de identificação da promoção dos elementos fundamentais à sua consecução quais sejam, estabelecimento de padrões, difusão de informações e aplicação de sanções no âmbito da OMC, sob um plano horizontal que estabelece apenas os Estados como passíveis de aplicação de mecanismos de accountability e, num plano vertical elencando a sociedade civil como destinatária final das regras comerciais do sistema multilateral como uma maneira de explorar até que ponto a OMC é accountable e, desta forma, fortalece a legitimidade das suas regras no espaço administrativo global.