Accounting transactions are becoming more complex, and more extensive accounting guidance is provided on a continuous basis in the accounting standards. In addition, accounting guidance changes often and additional guidance is added to the standards regularly. In view of this immense amount of accounting knowledge that an accountant can be expected to have, exacerbated by often multifaceted structures in accounting problems, it can be challenging and onerous to solve certain accounting problems. The premise of this study is that accounting problems can also be solved in a less complex manner with reference to the foundational accounting concepts included in the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting (CF). The solution to the accounting problem using the CF should result in a similar answer had the detailed, complex accounting guidance been consulted. This is based on the understanding that the detailed guidance is consistent with the CF and that the CF is not underdeveloped. In the experience of the author of this dissertation, however, the CF is rarely used to consider the accounting treatment of specific transactions and the first point of reference is usually the detailed, specific guidance. In order to impart a practice of incorporating the CF in problem-solving, the study in this dissertation is underpinned by educational philosophies rooted mainly in constructivism, and specifically in Ausubel’s subsumption theory. Applied to accounting education, this theory suggests a frameworkbased approach whereby educators first instil a detailed knowledge of the CF in an Accounting course and thereafter present details of specific accounting transactions by building and crossreferencing to the foundational concepts in the CF. In addition, the paradigm in Accounting courses should also incorporate problems and experiments through which students can construct their own knowledge, rather than being passive recipients of an educator’s teaching style. Recent literature on framework-based teaching suggests that such an approach is beneficial as it enhances lifelong learning. This study reported on a framework-based approach incorporated in an Accounting course and aimed to determine students’ ability to solve complex accounting problems by referring only to the CF, as well as to determine the factors that could influence their ability to solve the problems and the preferred problem-solving approach of students in facing future accounting problems. In order to address the broad aim of this study, it was divided into two sections, each to identify and analyse a different aspect of accounting problem-solving that incorporated the CF. The study in this dissertation focused mainly on an interpretive research paradigm. The first project had the primary objective of determining whether students have the ability to solve complex accounting problems by using only the CF and determining which factors could influence their ability. This was established by analysing the content and results of an assignment administered to third-year Accounting students at a South African university in which students were required to solve problems using only the CF. The second project had the objective of determining the preferred future approach students will take in solving accounting problems after they have been exposed to a framework-based assignment. This was established through qualitative measures and augmented by a questionnaire to analyse the students’ perceptions. The contributions of this dissertation are manifold and include, but are not limited to, the realisation that a conceptual approach to accounting education is beneficial in Accounting courses. The results in this study indicate that the ability of students to solve complex accounting problems by referring only to the CF may depend on the complexity of the scenario and the students’ familiarity with the problem. In addition, after being exposed to a framework-based assignment, students may tend to prefer a mixed approach in solving accounting problems, which entails a combination of the concepts in the CF and specific accounting guidance governing a particular transaction. The author also believes that this study makes a practical contribution by providing an actual framework-based assignment which can be used or adapted by other Accounting educators to use in similar courses, or to help them develop similar assignments or case studies or to replicate the study. From an educational perspective, it is recommended that Accounting educators incorporate an emphasis on the CF in their teaching approach. As students are exposed to opportunities to exercise their judgement using the concepts included in the CF, they will gain experience in this and be able to exercise better judgement in future. Each time a student is exposed to a problem requiring to be solved using the CF, or is required to make necessary judgements with regard to the CF, it will lead to the creation of new knowledge which the student can constantly link and cross-reference to existing knowledge and experiences. It also appears that, when students are exposed to problem-solving using the CF, it may lead to accountants adopting a more balanced approach by considering more CF constructs in solving future accounting problems. Although the study in this dissertation was conducted at only one university, its implications are by no means limited to this institution. Extrapolation of results cannot be attempted due to the nature of the research design, but the results in this study are valuable and enhance accounting education literature in better understanding students’ problem-solving abilities and their preferred problemsolving approach. The research is therefore valuable to any Accounting educator, as well as the institutional bodies guiding accounting education and its syllabi. It is hoped also that some of the findings will inspire other educational institutions to promote a framework-based approach in an innovative manner. / MCom (Accountancy), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Li Xue. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-38). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

本文採用三階段之DEA經濟效率分析民國93年至民國96年46家臺灣本國銀行的表現，其中第二階段依Fried et al. (1999)所示，利用Tobit迴歸將可能的外部環境因素排除，本文特色為在此階段考慮臺灣於民國95年甫正式上路之財務會計準則第34號公報及其對金融資產，特別是衍生性金融所造成的影響。本文發現：經二階段調整後效率值確有顯著的差異，故壞帳、公民營、衍生性商品使用程度、分行數等非內部經營管理所能掌握因素排除後，效率值確實改變；且衍生性商品使用程度，以各銀行衍生性金融商品名目本金除以總資產以為衡量之，將此一外在環境制度因素加入第二階段TOBIT分析，結果顯示其確實顯著的影響資本資金及投入等三項差額變數，且均為遞增關係。 / In this research we try to analyze the efficiency of Taiwan’s banking industry with multi-stage DEA approach. Following Fried et al. (1999), we exclude the environmental factors by running Tobit regressions for every input variables at the second stage. Among all existing researches focus on banking efficiency, this is the only one which take into account the effect of Accounting Standards No. 34. The new rule set up different concepts about how to disclose financial assets and derivatives properly, which may also change consumers’ behaviors. We find out that the second stage adjustments did make differences on efficiency scores. Also the usage of derivatives are proved to be significantly and positively related to three input slake variables.

Bokföringsnämnden (BFN), som ansvarar för utvecklingen av god redovisningssed, startade år 2004 K-projektet som innefattar allmänna råd indelade i fyra kategorier av regelverk; K1, K2, K3 och K4. Regelverken syftar till att tillhandahålla företag ett enhetligt regelverk att följa. K3 är huvudregelverket, men mindre företag, vilka inte uppfyller gränsvärdena för att klassificeras som ett större företag, kan välja att tillämpa K2 för sin redovisning (BFN 2017d). K3 är utformat ur ett användarperspektiv, vilket innebär att det innehåller fler redovisningsalternativ för att ge användare ett relevant underlag inför finansiella beslut. K2, vars syfte är att förenkla upprättandet av redovisningen, är istället tänkt att ge en tillförlitlig bild av företagets ekonomi. Enkelheten i K2 kommer från att det är regelbaserat och därmed har klara direktiv att följa, vilket skiljer sig från K3 som är ett principbaserat regelverk och på så vis kräver en mer professionell bedömning hos upprättaren (Norberg 2014; SRF konsulterna 2019). Med detta som utgångspunkt är syftet med studien att undersöka vilka orsaker som ligger bakom företags val mellan regelverken K2 och K3. För att uppnå detta syfte har vi med tillämpning av flerfallsstudier genomfört kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra mindre företag samt en revisor. Vi mottog även mailsvar på intervjufrågorna från ett företag och en revisor. Vi har haft en induktiv ansats och insamlat data för att generera resultat som kan bidra till teoretisk förståelse i ämnet. Studiens resultat visar att det finns redovisningsskillnader som i viss mån påverkar företags val mellan K2 och K3, men det har även framkommit att krav från moderbolag har ett inflytande i valet. Företag har överlag inte tillräckliga kunskaper för att själva avgöra vilket regelverk som passar dem bäst och därmed förlitar de sig i hög grad på revisorer. Utifrån studiens resultat har vi därför fått skifta vårt fokus till att istället diskutera hur den kontinentala och anglosaxiska traditionen har påverkat utformningen av K-regelverken. / The Swedish Standards Accounting Board, which is responsible for the development of generally accepted accounting principles, started the K-project in 2004, which includes general advice divided into four categories of regulatory framework; K1, K2, K3 and K4. The regulations aim to provide companies with a uniform set of rules to comply with. K3 is the main regulation, but smaller companies, which do not meet the limit values for being classified as a larger company, can choose to apply K2 for their accounting (BFN 2017d).K3 is designed from a user perspective, which means that it contains more accounting options to provide users with a relevant basis for financial decisions. K2, whose purpose is to simplify the preparation of the accounts, is, on the other hand, intended to provide a reliable picture of the company's finances. The simplicity of K2 comes from the fact that it is rule-based and thus have clear directives to follow, unlike K3 which is a principle-based regulatory framework and in some cases requires a more professional assessment by the author (Norberg 2014; SRF konsulterna 2019).With this as a starting point, the purpose of the study is to investigate the causes behind companies' choice between these regulations. With the help of multiple case studies, we have carried out qualitative semi-structured interviews with four small companies and one auditor, in order to achieve our goal. We also received mail responses to the interview questions from one company and one auditor. We have had an inductive approach and collected data to generate results that can contribute to theoretical understanding of the subject. The results of the study show that there are accounting differences that to a certain extent affect companies' choice between K2 and K3, but it has also appeared that claims from the parent company have an influence in the choice. Companies generally do not have sufficient knowledge to decide for themselves which regulation is best suited to them and thus rely heavily on the auditors. Based on the study's results, therefore, we have shifted our focus to instead touching on how the Continental and Anglo-Saxon tradition have influenced the design of the K-regulations. This study is written in Swedish.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-04T11:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao_Henrique_Almendro.pdf: 2794973 bytes, checksum: bf005c587bcd57ed8251bb0d182e4a29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-12-10 / The purpose of this paper is the analysis of Income Statement by market segment adopted in an abrasives industry based in the region of the Great Sao Paulo: a case study. The study focused on three fundamental points: the accounting standardization related to reports by segments, the concepts of market segmentation and the use of the Enterprise Resource Planning software to support the business decision-making processes. The study was conducted in such a way as to demonstrate that the transformations the business world has been undergoing with the market openings, the advances in information technology and the headways made in the accounting standardization processes have been crucial factors leading the abrasives industry to make the decision of visualizing its financial statements in the market segments in which it operates. The managerial accounting, therefore, performed a decisive role to meet this demand by appropriately structuring accounting data so that the managers could view the businesses they are managing from a brand-new perspective. Thus, this research project showed, by means of a bibliographical review and the case study, the model of Income Statement by market segment used by the mentioned industry. / Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo as Demonstra????es de Resultado por segmento de mercado aplicada em uma ind??stria de abrasivos na regi??o da Grande S??o Paulo: um estudo de caso. Este estudo est?? circunscrito a tr??s pontos fundamentais, que s??o: a normatiza????o cont??bil relativa aos relat??rios por segmentos, os conceitos sobre segmenta????o de mercado e a utiliza????o dos softwares integrados de gest??o (ERP) para suportar as decis??es de neg??cio, o trabalho foi desenvolvido no sentido de demonstrar que as transforma????es as quais v??m passando o mundo dos neg??cios com a abertura dos mercados, os avan??os da tecnologia da informa????o, e os avan??os nos processos de normatiza????o cont??bil foram fatores preponderantes que levaram uma ind??stria de abrasivos a tomar a decis??o de visualizar as suas demonstra????es financeiras nos segmentos de mercado em que ela atua. A contabilidade gerencial, desse modo, teve papel primordial em atender a essa demanda, estruturando de forma adequada as informa????es cont??beis de forma que os gestores pudessem ter uma outra vis??o do neg??cio que est??o gerenciando. Assim esse trabalho de pesquisa demonstrou, por meio da revis??o bibliogr??fica e do estudo de caso, o modelo de Demonstra????o de Resultado por segmento de mercado utilizado na referida ind??stria.

Submitted by Elba Lopes (elba.lopes@fecap.br) on 2017-04-04T00:34:55Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Mauro_Camilo_dos_Santos.pdf: 1108982 bytes, checksum: 19fa1d8e28c232198e2db3653e865495 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-04T00:34:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mauro_Camilo_dos_Santos.pdf: 1108982 bytes, checksum: 19fa1d8e28c232198e2db3653e865495 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-23 / With the enactment of Resolution no 3786/2009, the Central Bank of Brazil, financial institutions began to prepare and publish since December 31, 2010 in addition to the existing standards, the consolidated financial statements according to International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS. Such procedures have caused a major change in the technical and legal framework due to existing conceptual differences between local standards - BRGAAP and international standards - IFRS. This work aims to verify whether the accounting convergence is altering the degree of conservatism in constitutions of allowance for doubtful accounts in the Consolidated Financial Statements published by financial institutions in Brazil, and whether the characteristics of the financial institutions such as size, profitability, control capital, market segment, listed on stock exchanges and public or private sector could influence the constitution of the provisions. For that were examined in the two accounting standards, the financial statements of forty-three financial conglomerates in the period 2009-2013, which represented 93% of the assets of Sistema Financeiro Nacional (National Financial System) at December 31, 2013. The results revealed differences statistically significant of provisions between the two accounting standards, showing that local standards are more conservative relative to international standards. Showed, too, that although starting from the same operations the institutions obtained different results due to the use of different standards for recognition, measurement and disclosure. On examination of the independent variables was found that there are specific groups of banks with larger discrepancies between the balances of provisions in the two financial statements indicating that the characteristics of financial institutions could influence the constitution of the provisions. / Com a edi????o da Resolu????o no 3786/2009, do Banco Central do Brasil, as Institui????es Finan-ceiras passaram a elaborar e divulgar desde 31 dez 2010 adicionalmente ??s normas vigentes, as Demonstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas com base nas Normas Internacionais de Relat??rios Financeiros (International Financial Reporting Standards - IFRS). Tais procedimentos t??m provocado uma grande mudan??a no arcabou??o t??cnico e legal em decorr??ncia de diverg??ncias conceituais existentes entre as normas locais - BRGAAP e as normas internacionais - IFRS. Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se a converg??ncia cont??bil est?? alterando o grau de conservadorismo na constitui????o da provis??o para cr??ditos de liquida????o duvidosa nas De-monstra????es Cont??beis Consolidadas publicadas pelas institui????es financeiras, no Brasil, e se as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras como porte, rentabilidade, controle de capital, segmento de mercado de atua????o, listadas em bolsas de valores e setor p??blico ou privado poderiam influenciar na constitui????o das PCLD. Para tanto foram examinados, nos dois pa-dr??es de contabilidade, as demonstra????es financeiras de quarenta e tr??s conglomerados finan-ceiros no per??odo de 2009 a 2013, que representavam 93% dos ativos do Sistema Financeiro Nacional, em 31 de dezembro de 2013. Os resultados revelaram diferen??as estatisticamente significantes entre os valores das provis??es dos dois padr??es de contabilidade, evidenciando que as normas locais s??o mais conservadoras em rela????o ??s normas internacionais. Mostraram, tamb??m, que embora partindo das mesmas opera????es as institui????es obtiveram valores diferentes em suas carteiras de cr??dito e nos montantes de PCLD em decorr??ncia da utiliza????o de padr??es diferentes de reconhecimento, mensura????o e divulga????o. No exame das vari??veis independentes constatou-se que existem grupos espec??ficos de bancos com maiores discre-p??ncias entre os saldos de PCLD nas duas demonstra????es indicando que as caracter??sticas das institui????es financeiras poderiam influenciar na constitui????o da PCLD.

L’initiative qui a conduit à l’élaboration de cette thèse provient d’un désir d’explorer plus en détail le contenu, les objectifs et la portée de la réforme de la comptabilité de l’État en Algérie. Le cadre juridique et réglementaire comptable actuel souffrait depuis son édification de nombreuses insuffisances et limites qui devaient être complétées avec les nouvelles modalités juridiques et techniques inspirées des standards et des bonnes pratiques internationales. La nouvelle réforme comptable vise à fonder une comptabilité tridimensionnelle de l’État consacrée par de nouvelles normes comptables nationales, un plan comptable de l’État (PCE) et de nouvelles modalités de contrôle et de responsabilité des acteurs. L’analyse de l'état actuel de la réforme, à l’épreuve de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique, marquée par les exigences de transparence, de performance et de bonne gouvernance, vise à proposer des solutions pour l'amélioration du système national d’une part, et à étudier le rôle de la réforme budgétaire et des normes comptables internationales (IPSAS) dans l’adaptation du nouveau cadre comptable, pour que la comptabilité soit davantage un instrument d'information, de décision et d’appréciation de la situation financière et patrimoniale de l’État, d’autre part. Vu la complexité des formes et de l’étendue des chantiers de la réforme, la transformation comptable recommandée peut prendre une approche globale, qui sera concentrée non seulement sur l'application du cadre législatif et réglementaire (LOLF), c’est-à-dire sur la mise en place de la nouvelle comptabilité, sur la production de comptes publics sincères, fidèles et réguliers, objet de certification et de valorisation par la Cour des comptes, mais également sur la modernisation de la fonction comptable et l’intégration du cadre de la gestion budgétaire et comptable aux fins de la réforme de l’État. / The initiative which led to drawing up this thesis arises of a wish to explore, in more detail, the content, objectives and scope of the Algerian State accounting reform. The current legal and regulatory framework suffered, since its implementation, from many deficiencies and limits which should be completed by new legal and technical procedures based on standards and international good practices. The new accounting reform aims at establishing a three-dimensional State accounting, realized by new national accounting standards, a State accounting plan (SAP) and new ways of control and players responsibility. The analysis of the current state of reform, proof against the new public financial governance, marked by the requirements of transparency, performance and good governance, aims at proposing solutions for the enhancement of the national system, on the one hand, and to study the role of budget reform and international public sector accounting standards (IPSAS) in adapting the new accounting framework, so that accounting becomes more a tool for information, for decision and assessment of the financial and patrimonial situation of the State, on the other hand. Given the complexity of the forms and extent of reform projects, the recommended accounting transformation can take an overall approach which will be concentrated not only through the enforcement of the legislative and regulatory framework (LOLF), or through the implementation of the new accountancy, or the production of true, correct and regular public accounts, which are subjects of certification and valuation by the Court of Auditors, but also through the modernization of the accounting function and the integration of the budgetary and accounting management framework for the purpose of the State reform.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio da Rocha Paris.pdf: 1605153 bytes, checksum: 966833cd7feddda86f4f508232cf774a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-25 / The international accounting standards is intended to standardize the financial statements of the world due to globalization of economies, Brazil adhered to these standards with the issue of law11.638/07 and 11.941/09. Significant changes were inserted in Brazilian accounting from 1 January 2008. The course in Accounting Sciences aims to provide the student basic and vocational training with solidity aiming the preparation of the future accounting professional to face challenges and accelerated social changes and labor market. In this context, this study aims to show the necessity of adopting international accounting standards in the curriculum grids of courses in Accounting Sciences in function of been relatively new in the academic environment, with regard to the subjects of the curriculum grid to include international standards, workload, standardization, discipline specific, performance of class institutions and upgrading of teachers, in the perception of course coordinators. To that end, was defined the theoretical framework based on historical concepts of accounting education in Brazil, the international accounting standards, the role of Accounting Pronouncements Committee. With respect to methodology, in the present study was made option for the descriptive research, the participation of the coordinators of courses in Accounting Science from higher education institutions called colleges of the city of São Paulo with accounting course that does not have master's program in Accounting in comparison with institutions of higher education accounting course that have master's program in Accounting Science. To conduct the study was considered a population of twenty institutions that do not have master's program in Accounting Science and the four institutions that have master's program in Accounting Sciences in São Paulo. Information gathering was done through a questionnaire sent by email to the coordinators of these institutions of higher education. It can be concluded that there is no standard as to the adoption of the contents of international accounting standards in the curriculum grids of the course in Accounting Science in the higher education institutions surveyed, the comparison between the two research groups, those with master s program in Accounting Science are more prepared for the content of international accounting standards and although the course coordinators surveyed agree that these standards have caused significant changes, still there were not major impacts on the course curriculum grid / As normas internacionais de contabilidade tem o objetivo de padronizar as demonstrações financeiras a nível mundial devido à globalização das economias, o Brasil aderiu a estas normas com a edição das leis 11.638/07 e 11.941/09. Foram inseridas mudanças significativas na contabilidade brasileira a partir de 1º de Janeiro de 2008. O curso de Ciências Contábeis tem por objetivo oferecer ao estudante formação básica e profissional com solidez, visando a preparação do futuro profissional de contabilidade para enfrentar desafios e rápidas transformações sociais e do mercado de trabalho. Neste contexto, este estudo objetiva apontar a necessidade da adoção das normas internacionais de contabilidade na grade curricular dos cursos de Ciências Contábeis em função de ser relativamente nova no meio acadêmico, no que se refere às disciplinas da grade curricular que contemplam normas internacionais, carga horária, padronização, disciplina específica, atuação dos órgãos de classe e atualização de professores, na percepção dos coordenadores de curso. Para tanto foi definido o referencial teórico com base nos conceitos históricos do ensino da contabilidade no Brasil, as normas internacionais de contabilidade, o papel do Comitê de Pronunciamentos Contábeis. Com relação à metodologia, no presente estudo foi feita opção pela pesquisa descritiva, a participação dos coordenadores de cursos de Ciências Contábeis das instituições de ensino superior denominadas faculdades do município de São Paulo com curso de contabilidade que não possuem programa de mestrado em Ciências Contábeis em comparação com as instituições de ensino superior com curso de contabilidade que possuem programa de mestrado em Ciências Contábeis. Para a realização da pesquisa foi considerada a população das vinte instituições que não possuem programa de mestrado em Ciências Contábeis e as quatro instituições que possuem programa de mestrado em Ciências Contábeis no município de São Paulo. A coleta de informações foi feita através de questionário enviado por e-mail aos coordenadores das instituições de ensino superior. Pode se concluir que não há um padrão quanto à adoção do conteúdo de normas internacionais de contabilidade na grade curricular do curso de Ciências Contábeis nas instituições de ensino superior pesquisadas; na comparação entre os dois grupos de pesquisa, as que possuem programa de mestrado em Ciências Contábeis estão mais preparadas com o conteúdo de normas internacionais de contabilidade e embora os coordenadores de cursos pesquisados concordem que estas normas causaram mudanças significativas, ainda não houveram grandes impactos na grade curricular do curso

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson de Oliveira Faria.pdf: 741679 bytes, checksum: 72bc1707d0be6fe35e7ed00c610e94ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-21 / The derivatives are instruments used for companies management risks of loss related to exposition of price variation, exchange variation, interest and credit, which generate from operational activities. The complexity accounting treatment of these instruments generate difficult related to internal control and request an structure which the companies have to maintain in order to attend the correct accounts records of derivative transactions. The research has the objective to analyze the impact in practical application of International Accounting Standard number 39 related to internal controls and accounting records, through a case in Brazilian Company subsidiary of an European Company. The research started with a theoretical concepts of: internal controls, risks and derivative accounting records, which will be necessary to create a concept structure to analyze the information obtained on case study. The Company Objects of study has derivatives transactions with objective to hedge the risk exposure of exchange variation and commodities price variation. In the Company s organization, the financial and accounting departments have their own formal proceeds and internal controls which handle to the accounting departments the conditions the attend the International Accounting Standard number 39 , additionally the Company has a Risk Committee which develop management strategies, approve the transactions and monitoring the derivative transactions. The concept of Embedded Derivatives and Fair Value were implemented by IAS 39, are necessary to the correct accounting records of derivative transactions.The Management evaluated the Embedded Derivatives based on Contracts analyses. The Fair Value Concept has been used in the Company the derivatives accounting records. The valuation of the derivative, the Management uses a system which makes the future cash flow. When the derivative is a commodity, the value is based on Bolsa Mercantil de Futuros BMF quotation. To attend the IAS 39, the Management adopt proceeds of internal control which disclosure the intention of hedge when derivatives are contracted. The accounting records based on Brazilian GAAP do not disclose the intention of the Management in derivative transactions / Os derivativos são instrumentos utilizados pelas empresas para gerenciar riscos de perdas decorrentes de exposição a alterações de preço, variação cambial, taxas de juros e créditos, que são geradas das suas atividades operacionais. As complexidades do tratamento contábil destas transações geram dificuldades em relação aos controles e a estrutura necessária que uma empresa deve manter para que o correto registro contábil das transações com erivativos. O presente estudo tem como objetiva análise do impacto da aplicação prática da norma internacional de contabilidade IAS 39 nos controles internos e registros contábeis, através de um estudo de caso em uma empresa brasileira subsidiária de uma empresa européia. Inicialmente é efetuada uma pesquisa sobre a teoria: de controles internos, riscos e contabilização de derivativos, que servem como estrutura conceitual para análise das informações coletadas no estudo de caso. A empresa objeto do estudo de caso transaciona com derivativos com o objetivo de efetuar hedge (proteção) das exposições de risco de variação cambial e de preço de commodities. Em sua estrutura organizacional, os departamentos de finanças e de contabilidade, possuem procedimentos formais e de controles que possibilitem ao departamento de contabilidade efetuar os registros contábeis conforme determina a Norma Internacional de Contabilidade IAS 39, adicionalmente a empresa possui um Comite de Riscos que desenvolve as estratégias de gerenciamento, aprova as transações e acompanha as operações com erivativos. Os conceitos de derivativos embutidos e fair value que foram implementados pela norma IAS 39, são necessários para o correto registro das operações com derivativos. A administração da empresa avalia os derivativos embutidos através da análise dos principais contratos da empresa. O conceito de fair value é aplicado na empresa objeto no registro contábil das transações com derivativos. Para obtenção da valorização dos derivativos a administração da empresa objeto utiliza um sistema para efetuar o cálculo do valor presente dos fluxos de caixa futuros. Quando se trata de um commodity, o valor é obtido com base em cotações da Bolsa Mercantil & Futuros BMF. Para o atendimento a Norma Internacional de Contabilidade IAS 39, a administração da empresa objeto do estudo de caso adotou procedimentos de controles que evidenciam sua intenção de hedge ao transacionar com derivativos. Os registros contábeis de acordo com as Normas Contábeis Brasileiras não evidênciam a intenção da administração em transacionar com derivativos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carl Douglas De Gennaro Oliveira.pdf: 1342470 bytes, checksum: 9868002de42872f20913eb856aa2b173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-24 / The process of Brazil s compliance with the International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) took a big step forward, definitively getting on the agenda of regulatory agencies, companies and auditing firms, when Federal Law 11.638 was signed in December 2007, altering the accounting chapter of Brazilian Corporate Law, 6.404/76. This study contributes to Brazil s process of compliance with the IFRS, specifically regarding the applicability of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment, or its Brazilian corollary CPC 10 Pagamento Baseado em Ações, and the impact on accounting and on the disclosure of a long-term compensation program for executives, characterized as phantom stock options. IFRS 2 was published in February 2002 and was required internationally from January 2005, as an outcome of the growing use of commercial transaction payments based on shares, and also the IOSCO´s report that pointed out the lack of an accounting standard dealing with this kind of transaction. The study found that IFRS 2 or CPC 10 can be appropriately applied to guide the accounting treatment given to a phantom stock option program, and was a more informative accounting practice than that which had been used in Brazil, before 2008. The study also found a wide-spread need of financial knowledge regarding the valuation of stock options, such as the Black-Scholes-Merton model, as well as statistical methods for appropriately account and disclose the fair value of share-based incentive plans. Furthermore, in order to understand more fully the economic event which is being accounted, it is highly important to understand its essence. In the case of long-term share-based incentives for executives, the essence of their existence can be found in agency theory / O processo de convergência do Brasil às Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRSs) deu um grande salto e entrou definitivamente na agenda dos órgãos reguladores, empresas e auditorias, com a sanção da lei federal 11.638 em dezembro de 2007, que alterou o capítulo contábil da Lei das Sociedades Anônimas, 6.404/76. Este estudo contribui para o processo de convergência brasileiro às IFRSs, especificamente quanto à aplicabilidade do IFRS 2 Share Based Payment, ou sua correlação brasileira CPC 10 Pagamento Baseado em Ações, e dos impactos contábeis e de divulgação decorrentes de um programa de compensação de longo prazo a executivos, com as características de phantom stock options, ou opções fantasmas. O IFRS 2 foi publicado em fevereiro de 2002 e requerido internacionalmente a partir de janeiro de 2005, como uma decorrência do crescente uso de pagamento das transações comerciais com base em ações e também do relatório da IOSCO, que identificou como falha a lacuna de norma contábil que tratasse deste tipo de transação. O estudo identificou que o IFRS 2 ou CPC 10 aplica-se adequadamente para orientar o tratamento contábil de um programa de phantom stock option e representou uma prática contábil mais informativa que aquela até então adotada no Brasil, antes do ano de 2008. O estudo também identificou a grande necessidade de conhecimento de finanças relacionado à avaliação de opções, tal como o modelo Black-Scholes-Merton, bem como de métodos estatísticos, para uma apropriada contabilização e divulgação do valor justo dos planos de incentivo baseados em ações. Além disso, para que se entenda com profundidade o evento econômico que se contabiliza, é de suma importância a compreensão de sua essência. No caso de incentivos de longo prazo para executivos, baseados em ações, a essência de sua existência pode ser encontrada na Teoria de Agência