<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>All students in the Swedish elementary school that do not reach the educational objectives in mathematics have a legal right to receive support in order to reach these objectives. An action plan shall be created, where it should be visible what supportive measures the student is given to reach the objectives. The purpose of our final thesis is to investigate how the action plan can contribute to the work with students that experience difficulties within mathematics.</p><p>The study is performed on 7-9^th grade schools, and the empirical material is gathered through reading of hundreds of action plans, observations, and interviews of students, teachers, remedial teachers and headmasters. The theoretical frame used is hermeneutics, constructivism and perspective on special education.</p><p>The result of the study is that action plans do play an important role in the work with students that experience difficulties within mathematics, but the quality of the programs seems to vary. Some action plans are clearly stated, contain tangible actions, both on individual as well as on a group level, that help the student in their learning, whereas other programs are unclear and aimed only at what the student himself should perform to reach the objectives, i.e. only on an individual level. The remedial teaching support is often categorical, they are assuming that the student is the owner of the problem, and the support is also given from that perspective. That means that the student is given support in the format of individual education by a remedial teacher or by education in a smaller group.</p>

L'analyse de la thèse repose sur une enquête de terrain montrant comment l'altermondialisme marocain se constitue à partir de débats, d'échanges, de solidarités et de mobilisations d'acteurs sociaux tant au niveau local que global. Dans le cadre de l'altermondialisme international, ce mouvement a émergé pour contrer une certaine mondialisation qui réduit l'être humain à une marchandise. Bien qu'il soit influencé par l'altermondialisme mondial, du fait même de son approbation de la charte des principes de Porto Alegre, son origine se situe dans l'ancrage historique du militantisme des acteurs sociaux l'ayant impulsé. Initié à ses débuts par des ONG de développement démocratique, ce mouvement rassemble une diversité d'acteurs sociaux (organisations associatives et syndicales, mouvements sociaux…), d'objectifs variés et de relations sociales multiformes convergeant vers l'altermondialisme qui se mobilisent dans les forums sociaux. Ces derniers constituent un espace de production, de reproduction et d'appropriation de l'espace public. La diversité des acteurs, des objectifs et des relations constituant l'altermondialisme nous amène à définir son identité comme étant plurielle et fluide. Par une approche sociologique qui se base sur l'analyse de ces acteurs à travers leurs rapports sociaux, l'étude a cherché à comprendre et à analyser les particularités de l'altermondialisme marocain. Cette approche permet de déterminer les formes de solidarités, les enjeux des altermondialistes, les adversaires et les alternatives proposées. Elle a, à travers l'analyse, mis aussi en exergue la lutte des acteurs altermondialistes, les méthodes de la contestation, le renouveau de l'action collective au Maroc et l'évolution dans le répertoire d'actions. / The fieldwork grounding this thesis's analysis reveals that the “other world” movement in Morocco thrives on debate together with the sharing of experience and goals amongst social agents moving between local and issues. A dimension of an international movement, the Moroccan version too seeks to counter the reduction of mankind to mere merchandise by a certain kind of globalization. Though approving of the Porto Alegre Charter, its militants answer to a particular historical anchorage. The movement began locally thanks to NGOs working for democracy and grouping a wide spectre of social actors (trade unions, voluntary associations, social movements etc.,) each with their own agenda and networks but converging on the occasion and opportunity offered by the convening of Social Forums. These latter afforded an appropriation an (re)production of public space by those concerned. The diversity of the actors' goals and relationships means that altermondialism in general and Moroccan altermondialism in particular is possessed of a dynamic and plural identity. Leaning on a sociology of interrelationships, this thesis seeks to fathom and analyse the peculiar nature of Moroccan altermondialism, to determine the forms of solidarity implied, the aims involved, the alternatives proposed and the obstacles encountered, thus highlighting the intentional ongoing identity of the collective struggle in question and its impact on Moroccan society as a whole. / Voir le résumé en arabe dans le fichier "Resumes".

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

L'analyse de la thèse repose sur une enquête de terrain montrant comment l'altermondialisme marocain se constitue à partir de débats, d'échanges, de solidarités et de mobilisations d'acteurs sociaux tant au niveau local que global. Dans le cadre de l'altermondialisme international, ce mouvement a émergé pour contrer une certaine mondialisation qui réduit l'être humain à une marchandise. Bien qu'il soit influencé par l'altermondialisme mondial, du fait même de son approbation de la charte des principes de Porto Alegre, son origine se situe dans l'ancrage historique du militantisme des acteurs sociaux l'ayant impulsé. Initié à ses débuts par des ONG de développement démocratique, ce mouvement rassemble une diversité d'acteurs sociaux (organisations associatives et syndicales, mouvements sociaux…), d'objectifs variés et de relations sociales multiformes convergeant vers l'altermondialisme qui se mobilisent dans les forums sociaux. Ces derniers constituent un espace de production, de reproduction et d'appropriation de l'espace public. La diversité des acteurs, des objectifs et des relations constituant l'altermondialisme nous amène à définir son identité comme étant plurielle et fluide. Par une approche sociologique qui se base sur l'analyse de ces acteurs à travers leurs rapports sociaux, l'étude a cherché à comprendre et à analyser les particularités de l'altermondialisme marocain. Cette approche permet de déterminer les formes de solidarités, les enjeux des altermondialistes, les adversaires et les alternatives proposées. Elle a, à travers l'analyse, mis aussi en exergue la lutte des acteurs altermondialistes, les méthodes de la contestation, le renouveau de l'action collective au Maroc et l'évolution dans le répertoire d'actions. / The fieldwork grounding this thesis's analysis reveals that the “other world” movement in Morocco thrives on debate together with the sharing of experience and goals amongst social agents moving between local and issues. A dimension of an international movement, the Moroccan version too seeks to counter the reduction of mankind to mere merchandise by a certain kind of globalization. Though approving of the Porto Alegre Charter, its militants answer to a particular historical anchorage. The movement began locally thanks to NGOs working for democracy and grouping a wide spectre of social actors (trade unions, voluntary associations, social movements etc.,) each with their own agenda and networks but converging on the occasion and opportunity offered by the convening of Social Forums. These latter afforded an appropriation an (re)production of public space by those concerned. The diversity of the actors' goals and relationships means that altermondialism in general and Moroccan altermondialism in particular is possessed of a dynamic and plural identity. Leaning on a sociology of interrelationships, this thesis seeks to fathom and analyse the peculiar nature of Moroccan altermondialism, to determine the forms of solidarity implied, the aims involved, the alternatives proposed and the obstacles encountered, thus highlighting the intentional ongoing identity of the collective struggle in question and its impact on Moroccan society as a whole. / Voir le résumé en arabe dans le fichier "Resumes".

This explorative study address the concept of organisational identity described by Albert &amp; Whetten and takes their concept from the individual level to the industry level. When doing so the lack of empirical research and theoretical knowledge within this area becomes clear. Although an unexplored area we argue that if Albert &amp; Whetten interpreted, the members’ perception to an organisational level we believe that it is also possible to aggregate the perceptions of the members/managers to an inter-organisational/industry level. When taking the identity to the industry level questions like, who are we at an inter-organisational level or with other words is there an industry identity and how does the industry identity affect the actions within an industry? In this thesis, we will try to fill this gap of knowledge and contribute to theoretical concepts of industry identities, by gathering empirical data to substantiate the concept of industry identity. We will try to fill the theoretical gap concerning identities within an industry; explaining the content of these identities and how they are defined, in line with the contribution by Albert &amp; Whetten, the same way as individuals organisational identity arises. Whenever he or she asks the question, who are we and what kind of business are we in (Albert &amp; Whetten 1985), it is the same way as for an organisation within an industry to ask questions like – which industry do I belong to and what kind of industry are we in. The processes stressed by Hatch &amp; Schultz also raises questions like how does the industry identity affect the interactions/actions between identities within an industry or how does the actions by one identity affect another identity within an industry? One industry that can be assumed to have developed an inter-organisational identity over time, due to a long history and clear cultural anchoring the last 10-years has been faced with both radical change and crisis is the Swedish alcohol industry. The empirical data in this study is based on eight semi-structured telephone interviews with importers (managers or top team) in the Swedish alcohol industry. Consequently, we approach this explorative study by stating the following question; Is there an industry identity within the Swedish alcohol import industry, and if so, what is the content of this identity and how does this identity affect the actions taken within the industry? The main purpose is to answer the question stated in this thesis by; to describe the central and distinctive characteristics/aspects of the Swedish alcohol importers identity and to find commonalities and differences within these industry identities. To relate to these central and distinctive aspects of the industry identity in relation to the actions taken by the organisations within the industry. The conclusion of this thesis is; yes, there is an industry identity based on two orientations; the product or market orientation and the content of these identities are based on how their importers believe that you as an importer should act in selling wine to the customers. Further conclusion is that; yes, industry identity (i.e. product or market) does affect action or rather some types of actions. The possibilities to extend and further explore this industry seem endless. The changes in the industry and the settings of the environment that it exists in are continuously and a constant on-going process even though Sweden still has a monopoly. Our study has raised many questions that would be interesting to investigate in another study, for example if these two approaches can co-exist or if one of them would be dominant. Or if they actually need each other.

In this thesis I consider the problem of the distinctiveness of knowledge of our own mental states and attitudes. I consider four influential approaches to this problem: the epistemic approach, the "no reasons view," the neo-expressivist approach and the rational agency approach. I argue that all of them face serious problems. I further argue that many of these problems are connected with the lack of fine-grained enough classification of the entities with respect to which we have self-knowledge. I suggest such a classification, distinguishing passive occurrent mental states, mental actions and standing attitudes, and argue that we should treat each of these categories separately for the purpose of explaining self-knowledge of them. I discuss in detail self-knowledge we have with respect to two of these categories: standing attitudes and mental actions. On my account self-knowledge of standing attitudes stands in a derivative relation to self-knowledge of other kinds. In my discussion of self-knowledge of mental actions I establish that we have a distinctive non-observational kind of self-knowledge and show some specific characteristics of this kind of self-knowledge. In the end I attempt to relate self-knowledge of mental actions to practical knowledge in the ordinary sense of skill.

No description available.

This qualitative study was conducted to investigate how large publicly listed companies inSweden apply its code of conduct on external parties as well as how such application is bestcarried out. Three overarching steps (implementation, monitoring and actions) weredeveloped from previous research to serve this purpose. Agency and contract theory wereimportant to understand the underlying problems of application of codes of conduct onexternal parties. It was found that companies that adequately address all of the three stepsexperience a successful application of its code of conduct on external parties. Companies thatdo not address the three steps as thoroughly do not experience the same compliance with theircode of conduct. It was further found that many companies fail to adequately address theemphasized areas. Extensive deficiencies put companies in a vulnerable position as externalparties associated with a company might have a negative impact on the company’s brand andreputation. An outlook shows that companies are not prioritizing all of the steps sufficientlyand it is thus suggested that they revise their plans. The project was carried out incooperation with KPMG Forensic and Advokatfirman Delphi. A content analysis and a survey were used to collect necessary data.