Open innovation is a new research line that emerges from a new industrial organization of research, development and innovation (R,D&I): after a period of vertical integration and accumulation, economy seems to walk towards a more plain level with lesser barriers to new entrants due to a new scenario of collaboration and knowledge dissemination. In this new mindset, firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as firms look to advance in their technologies. The general goal of this research project is to analyze the depth and the impact of open innovation practices, as well as to identify patterns of their integration to the product development process (PDP) with focus on aerospace, a traditional high-tech segment within the metal-mechanic sector. For such, a reference model is elaborated and analyzed in two different contexts, in comparison study between Brazilian (emerging economy) and Canadian (developed economy) industries, more specifically the aerospace clusters in São Paulo and Quebec. The research comprises an aerospace market analysis, as well as the study of both countries national systems of innovation, supported by a survey that measures the intensity and importance of open innovation in Brazilian and Canadian aerospace companies plants. The survey is carried out by means of in-company questionnaire-based face interviews with R&D managers. The sample of analysis comprises a total of 53 aerospace plants, 22 of them in Brazil and 31 in Canada. Through a descriptive analysis of survey data, it is possible to identify similarities and differences in the patterns of open innovation in the two clusters. Among the similarities one highlights the focus on the product, the early involvement of customers in the PDP, the strategies adopted regarding intellectual property (IP) protection, the concentration of collaborative arrangements within the boundaries of the aerospace industry and the low intensity use of pecuniary tools, such as venture capital, spin-offs and/or acquisitions. Among the differences, Canada stands out with respect to its innovation public policies and assistance programs, which are found to be more effective in relation to Brazilian policies. Besides, Canadian plants seem to have a better innovative performance, at the cutting edge of aerospace technologies and higher international relevance. The survey also finds that the intensities of openness in Brazil and Canada are quite similar, although the patterns and motivations differ: Brazilian plants are more engaged in providing R&D services for products of third parties under direct contract (and not within collaborative arrangements) to local customers, while Canadian plants seem to be more engaged in a wider spam of collaborative fronts in a wider geographical range. Besides, Brazilian plants are much less intense in the adoption of formal IP protection methods in relation to Canadian ones, which hinders (but not prevents) the full adoption of open innovation in the Brazilian cluster. Based on the results, this text concludes with recommendations directed to the three vertices of the triple helix in both countries, namely: enterprises, science and technology institutes and the government. / A inovação aberta é uma nova linha de pesquisa que surge a partir de nova organização industrial de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação (P,D&I): após um período de verticalização, a economia parece caminhar em direção a um maior nivelamento com menores barreiras para novos entrantes em um novo cenário de colaboração e disseminação de conhecimento. Neste conceito, as empresas podem e devem usar ideias externas, assim como internas, e caminhos internos e externos para o mercado, na medida em que buscam avançar suas tecnologias. O objetivo geral deste projeto é analisar a profundidade e impacto das práticas de inovação aberta, bem como identificar padrões de sua integração ao processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) com foco na indústria aeroespacial, um segmento tradicional de alta tecnologia no setor metal-mecânico. Para tal, um modelo de referência é elaborado e avaliado em diferentes contextos, em uma comparação entre as indústrias brasileira (economia emergente) e canadense (economia desenvolvida), mais especificamente os arranjos produtivos aeroespaciais em São Paulo e Quebec. A pesquisa compreende uma análise do mercado aeroespacial, bem como o estudo dos sistemas nacionais de inovação de ambos os países, apoiados por um levantamento (survey) que mede a intensidade e a importância da inovação aberta em plantas de empresas aeroespaciais no Brasil e no Canadá. A pesquisa é realizada por meio de entrevistas presenciais em empresas com gestores de P&D, baseadas em um questionário. A amostra compreende um total de 53 plantas de empresas aeroespaciais, 22 delas no Brasil e 31 no Canadá. Através da análise descritiva dos dados da pesquisa, é possível identificar semelhanças e diferenças nos padrões de inovação aberta nos dois grupos. Entre as semelhanças destacam-se o foco no produto, o envolvimento precoce de clientes no PDP, as estratégias adotadas para proteção de propriedade intelectual (PI), a concentração de acordos colaborativos dentro dos limites da indústria aeroespacial e a baixa intensidade na utilização de ferramentas pecuniárias, tais como o capital de risco, spin-offs e/ou aquisições. Entre as diferenças, o Canadá se destaca com relação às suas políticas públicas de inovação e programas de assistência, que se mostram mais eficazes em relação aos brasileiros. Além disso, as plantas canadenses parecem ter um melhor desempenho inovador, mais próximo do estado-da-arte das tecnologias aeroespaciais e com maior relevância internacional. O levantamento também mostrou que as intensidades de abertura no Brasil e no Canadá são semelhantes, embora os padrões e motivações difiram: as plantas brasileiras estão mais envolvidas no fornecimento de serviços de P&D para produtos de terceiros sob contrato direto (e não dentro de acordos de colaboração) para clientes locais, enquanto que as plantas canadenses parecem estar engajadas em um leque mais amplo de frentes de colaboração, com maior distribuição geográfica. Além disso, as plantas brasileiras adotam com muito menor intensidade métodos formais de proteção da PI em relação às canadenses, o que dificulta (mas não impede) a adoção plena da inovação aberta no cluster brasileiro. Com base nos resultados, o texto conclui com recomendações dirigidas aos três vértices da hélice tripla em ambos os países, a saber: empresas, institutos de ciência e tecnologia e governo.

Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T11:45:07Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T11:45:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O comportamento dos materiais cerâmicos quanto à resistência ao choque térmico é um tema de grande interesse, devido às aplicações em que a confiabilidade frente a variações bruscas de temperatura é necessária. Neste trabalho foi estudado como a variação na proporção dos aditivos Y2O3:Al2O3 e diferentes parâmetros no processamento do carbeto de silício sinterizado via fase líquida como, tipo e temperatura de sinterização, podem influenciar na resistência ao choque térmico deste material. As misturas foram preparadas com 90%SiC+10%Y2O3:Al2O3 em mol, variando as proporções molares dos óxidos entre 2:1 e 1:4, com e sem prévia reação dos aditivos. As misturas foram compactadas e sinterizadas em forno resistivo de grafite nas temperaturas de 1750°C, 1850°C e 1950°C e, por prensagem a quente, a 1750°C e 1850°C, sendo avaliadas quanto à densificação. Após análise dos resultados preliminares, a sinterização sem pressão e as misturas com proporções 1:3 e 1:4 de Y2O3:Al2O3 previamente reagidos foram selecionadas para o estudo da resistência ao choque térmico. Os ciclos térmicos foram realizados com aquecimento em temperaturas de 600°C, 750°C e 900°C e resfriamento brusco em água em temperatura ambiente. A avaliação das amostras quanto à resistência ao choque térmico, feita por meio da determinação de módulo de elasticidade, porosidade, resistência à flexão e por análise microestrutural de trincas. As amostras sinterizadas na temperatura de 1950°C são as que apresentam o melhor desempenho em relação à resistência ao choque térmico, enquanto a variação na proporção Y2O3:Al2O3 de 1:3 para 1:4 não altera significativamente esta propriedade. Nas condições utilizadas, a temperatura máxima de aplicação do SiC sinterizado via fase líquida deve ser limitada a 750°C, permitindo seu uso como trocadores de calor, rolamentos, mancais de bombas submersas, turbinas a gás e sensor de motores automotivos e aeronáuticos. / Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

La réduction de l’impact des activités humaines sur l’environnement est au sujet de nombreux programmes de recherche. Ainsi, dans le domaine du transport aérien a été créé le projet Clean-Sky, regroupant les thèmes de recherche associés. La thèse, partie de ce dernier, a pour objectif de réduire l’impact environnemental de la production de composants en alliages avancés à base de Titane. La production actuelle ayant une empreinte écologique non négligeable, un procédé de fabrication alternatif est étudié, il s’agit du moulage par injection de poudres métalliques. La première partie de cette consiste donc en la recherche d’une formulation de mélange optimale parmi les solutions classiques et innovantes. Elles sont triées en fonction de leurs aptitudes, déterminées par caractérisations physico-chimiques, à assurer le bon déroulement de chaque étape du procédé. Un nombre réduit de solution étant ainsi dégagé, il s’agit de passer aux étapes d’injection, de déliantage et de frittage. Plusieurs géométries de pièces sont testées dans chacun de ces cas, afin de valider l’adaptation aux différentes contraintes imposées. Lors de ces trois phases, des analyses physico-chimiques complètes permettent de mettre en avant la ou les formulations les plus aptes à permettre la production de ces composants. Une fois la solution fixée, chaque étape du procédé est optimisées, afin de faciliter le transfert industriel et d’assurer la rentabilité du nouveau processus de fabrication. Ces travaux de doctorat ont permis de mettre en avant deux formulations, répondant aux critères définis en début de thèse. Les étapes de mélange, injection, déliantage et frittage ont été optimisées et le transfert industriel est possible. / Reducing the ecological footprint of human activities is, today, the aim of most of the research programs. In Europe, the « Clean Sky » project funds research activities to make air transport « greener ». This PhD, being part of it, is about improving production of Titanium Aluminide based components. Nowadays production having a strong environmental impact, an alternative way has been investigated: metal injection molding. The first step of this work was focused on a bibliographic study, to select relevant, common and innovative mixtures to be used in the process. Throughout the process, these mixtures have been tested, physically and chemically analyzed, to get data about the optimal mixture. Several components geometries have been tested, during injection, debinding, and sintering steps. Once the mixture(s) chosen, process’ parameters have been optimized to make industrial transfer easier, and lower its overall cost. The developments achieved during this PhD led to two qualified mixtures, and optimized mixing, molding, debinding and sintering steps.

A inversão da regra de concentração dos setores de alto valor agregado em países desenvolvidos, em razão do estabelecimento da Embraer e das demais unidades produtivas integrantes da cadeia produtiva aeroespacial no Brasil, preponderantemente concentradas na região de São José dos Campos (SP), constitui um fenômeno relevante, determinante do desenvolvimento econômico e histórico da região. A análise da competitividade dessas unidades produtivas, perante o mercado global do setor, é necessária para verificação da sua sustentabilidade econômica, como também é importante a análise da política de incentivos fiscais aplicáveis, para compreensão do grau de competitividade em âmbito global dessas empresas enquanto unidades produtivas. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o papel da política de incentivos fiscais na participação dessas unidades nas exportações do setor aeroespacial brasileiro. A pesquisa é bibliográfica, documental, e com estudo de campo desenvolvido a partir de entrevistas aplicadas aos gestores do CECOMPI, para informações do perfil das empresas que constituem a cadeia aeroespacial e suas principais dificuldades em termos de competitividade. De acordo com os resultados, a política de incentivos fiscais adotada exerce relevante papel na participação dessas unidades produtivas nas exportações do setor aeroespacial brasileiro, uma vez que constitui um dos fatores determinantes para a competitividade em nível global. Como a política de incentivos fiscais é ineficiente para fomentar a competitividade e conquista de outros mercados pela maior parte da cadeia produtiva, as exportações do setor originam-se principalmente da Embraer. Neste estudo propõem-se alterações pontuais na legislação tributária; um estudo, com entrevistas, voltado às empresas integrantes da cadeia tributadas pelo Lucro Real, para verificação das dificuldades de adesão aos benefícios federais; e um estudo comparativo da política de incentivos fiscais destinados às cadeias produtivas aeroespaciais sediadas em outros países, que possuem alto valor de exportações para os Estados Unidos. / The inversion of the high added value sectors concentration rule in developed countries, due to the establishment of Embraer and the remaining productive units of the aerospace chain of production in Brazil, mainly established in São José dos Campos, is a relevant phenomenon, which is decisive in the economic and historical development of the region. The analysis of these units competitiveness in the global market of the sector is necessary for the verification of the economic sustainability as well as the analysis of the policy of applicable tax benefits is important, to understand the level of global competitiveness of such companies as productive units. The study aims to analyze the role of the tax benefits policy in the participation of these units in exports regarding the Brazilian aerospace sector. The research is bibliographic, documentary and with a field study based on interviews with managers from CECOMPI for information on the profile of the companies within the aerospace chain and their major difficulties in terms of competitiveness. According to the results, the adopted tax benefits policy plays a relevant role in the participation of these productive units in exports regarding the Brazilian aerospace sector once it is one of the decisive factors of global competitiveness. The tax benefits policy is not efficient enough to foster the competitiveness and conquest of other markets by the major part of the productive chain, since the sector exports originate mainly from Embraer. This study proposes certain changes in the tax legislation, a study with interviews focused on companies within the chain, taxed according to Lucro Real (Taxable income method), for verification of difficulties to adhere to the federal tax benefits and a comparative study on the tax benefits policies related to aerospace chain of productions established in other countries with high amounts of exports to the United States.

This work is focusing on analysis of current development in energy harvesting projects in aerospace industry field, and on analysis of current development in vibration generator field. It is also concentrating on establishment of a complex simulation model of vibration generator. It deals with modeling of magnetic field of generator and its cross connection with a mechanic and an electronic model.

The presented work deals with doctoral thesis named “Electrical drives for critical application”, which is solved in the Institute of Production Machines, Systems and Robotics. The paper tries to subsequently describe the progress during development of electric drive and to introduce the findings reached during project solving. The critical application requirements have been defined at the beginning, especially for the aerospace industry point of view. The work deals with the architecture of the control and power electronic, control software algorithms of the brush and brush-less BLDC motor with respect to the final certification aspects. It is also discussed the effectivness of the new development methods based on the modeling and simulation. The Model Based Design approach have been proved and verified during aircraft onboard equipment development. The findings of these are discussed at the end of this work.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Richard Wilson Borrozine de Siqueira.pdf: 487279 bytes, checksum: 878e6c973394dc354ec54cbba23e1616 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this dissertation is to discuss the relationship between public policy and the evolution of the Brazilian aircraft production in the post - 1990. The study is justifiable to consider the need to understand how aircraft manufacturing in Brazil, a symbol of technological success of the country, has evolved over a period of profound change and which would have been the role of public policies in this process. In two early chapters we characterize the aviation industry without neglecting technological efforts in the government space sector regarded as important for the evolution of scientific and national aviation, and discuss theoretical issues related to an evolutionary framework. The third part describes how it has evolved from the Brazilian aircraft production, including the post - 1990 and in the last item we analyze the current role of public policies for the sector / O objetivo desta dissertação é discutir a relação entre as políticas públicas e a evolução da produção aeronáutica brasileira no período pós - 1990. O estudo é justificável ao considerarmos a necessidade de se compreender de que maneira a produção aeronáutica brasileira, símbolo de sucesso tecnológico do país, evoluiu ao longo de um período de intensas transformações bem como qual teria sido o papel das políticas públicas neste processo. Nos dois capítulos iniciais caracterizamos a indústria aeronáutica, sem negligenciarmos os esforços tecnológicos governamentais na área espacial tido como elemento importante para a evolução da produção científica e aeronáutica nacional, e discutimos aspectos teóricos correlacionados em uma matriz teórica evolucionista. Na terceira parte descrevemos de que modo se deu a evolução da produção aeronáutica brasileira, incluindo o período pós - 1990, e no último item analisamos o papel atual das políticas públicas para o setor

La aplicación de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica reforzados mediante fibras largas (FRP, Fiber Reinforced Plastic), está en gradual crecimiento debido a las buenas propiedades específicas y a la flexibilidad en el diseño. Uno de los mayores consumidores es la industria aeroespacial, dado que la aplicación de estos materiales tiene claros beneficios económicos y medioambientales. Cuando los materiales compuestos se aplican en componentes estructurales, se inicia un programa de diseño donde se combinan ensayos reales y técnicas de análisis. El desarrollo de herramientas de análisis fiables que permiten comprender el comportamiento mecánico de la estructura, así como reemplazar muchos, pero no todos, los ensayos reales, es de claro interés. Susceptibilidad al daño debido a cargas de impacto fuera del plano es uno de los aspectos de más importancia que se tienen en cuenta durante el proceso de diseño de estructuras de material compuesto. La falta de conocimiento de los efectos del impacto en estas estructuras es un factor que limita el uso de estos materiales. Por lo tanto, el desarrollo de modelos de ensayo virtual mecánico para analizar la resistencia a impacto de una estructura es de gran interés, pero aún más, la predicción de la resistencia residual después del impacto. En este sentido, el presente trabajo abarca un amplio rango de análisis de eventos de impacto a baja velocidad en placas laminadas de material compuesto, monolíticas, planas, rectangulares, y con secuencias de apilamiento convencionales. Teniendo en cuenta que el principal objetivo del presente trabajo es la predicción de la resistencia residual a compresión, diferentes tareas se llevan a cabo para favorecer el adecuado análisis del problema. Los temas que se desarrollan son: la descripción analítica del impacto, el diseño y la realización de un plan de ensayos experimentales, la formulación e implementación de modelos constitutivos para la descripción del comportamiento del material, y el desarrollo de ensayos virtuales basados en modelos de elementos finitos en los que se usan los modelos constitutivos implementados. / The application of polymer-based composites reinforced by long fibers, called advanced Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP), is gradually increasing as a result of their good specific mechanical properties and increased flexibility of design. One of the largest consumers is the aerospace industry, since the application of these materials has clear economic and environmental benefits. When composites are to be used in structural components, a design development program is initiated, where a combination of testing and analysis techniques is typically performed. The development of reliable analysis tools that enable to understand the structure mechanical behavior, as well as to replace most, but not all, the real experimental tests, is of clear interest. Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane impact forces is one of the major design concerns of structures made of advanced FRPs used in the aerospace industry. Lack of knowledge of the impact effects on these structures is a factor in limiting the use of composite materials. Therefore, the development of virtual mechanical testing models to analyze the impact damage resistance of a structure is of great interest, but even more, the prediction of the post-impact residual strength. In this sense, the present thesis covers a wide range of analysis of the low-velocity and large mass impact events on monolithic, flat, rectangular, polymer-based laminated composite plates with conventional stacking sequences. Keeping in mind that the main goal of this work is the prediction of the residual compressive strength of an impacted specimen coupon, a set of different tasks are performed in order to provide suitable tools to analyze the problem. Accordingly, the topics which are addressed in this thesis are: the analytical description of the impact, the design and the realization of an experimental test plan, the formulation and implementation of constitutive models for the description of the composite material behavior, and the assessment of the performance of virtual tests based on finite element models where the constitutive models are used.

Inducement prizes-where cash rewards are given to motivate the attainment of targets--have been long used to encourage scientific research, develop technological innovations, or stimulate individuals, groups, and communities to accomplish diverse goals. Lately, prizes have increasingly attracted the attention of policy-makers, among others, due to their potential to induce path-breaking innovations and accomplish related goals. Academic research, however, has barely investigated these prizes in spite of their long history, recent popularity, and notable potential. This research investigates prizes and the means by which they induce innovation. It uses an empirical, multiple case-study methodology, a new model of innovation applied to prizes, and multiple data sources to investigate three cases of recent aerospace technology prizes: a main case study, the Google Lunar X Prize (GLXP) for robotic Moon exploration; and two pilot cases, the Ansari X Prize (AXP) for the first private reusable manned spacecraft and the Northrop Grumman Lunar Lander Challenge (NGLLC) for flights of reusable rocket-powered vehicles. The investigation unveils the dynamics of prizes and contributes a better understanding of their potential and disadvantages in a context in which more traditional mechanisms are used to induce innovation. This research shows that prizes are a more complex mechanism and their investigation requires analyzing entrant- and context-level factors generally not considered by the literature. Prizes complement and not replace patents and other incentive mechanisms. The incentives offered by prizes attract entrants with diverse characteristics, including unconventional entrants--individuals and organizations generally not involved with the prize technologies. Entrants are generally attracted by the non-monetary benefits of participation and the potential market value of the technologies involved in competitions. Many more volunteers, collaborators, and partners also participate indirectly and support official entries as they also perceive opportunities to accomplish their personal and organizational goals. The monetary reward is important to position the competition in the media and disseminate the idea of the prize. Prizes can induce increasing R&D activities and re-direct industry projects to target diverse technological goals, yet the evolution of prize competitions and quality of the technological outputs is generally difficult to anticipate. The overall organization of prize R&D activities and their outputs depend on entrant-level factors and can only be indirectly influenced by setting specific competition rules. The most remarkable characteristic of prize R&D activities is their interaction with fundraising efforts which, in some circumstances, may constrain the activities of entrants. Prizes can also induce innovation over and above what would have occurred anyway, yet their overall effect depends significantly on the characteristics of the prize entrants and the evolution of the context of the competition. The ability of prizes to induce innovation is larger when there are larger prize incentives, more significant technology gaps implicit in the prize challenge, and open-ended challenge definitions. To successfully induce technological breakthroughs, prizes may require complementary incentives (e.g. commitments to purchase technology) or support (e.g. seed funding.) Prizes are particularly appropriate to, for example, explore new, experimental methods and technologies that imply high-risk R&D; induce technological development to break critical technological barriers; accelerate technological development to achieve higher performance standards; and, accelerate diffusion, adoption, and/or commercialization of technologies. They involve, however, higher programmatic risks than other more traditional mechanisms and their routine use, and/or challenge definitions that overlap, can weaken the incentive power of the mechanism. Successful implementation of competitions requires many parameters to be properly set.

The dissertation thesis with the topic „Simulation Modelling of Electrical Drives for Selected Critical Applications“ focuses on the area of given applications in civil aviation. The selected application that the thesis deals with is an electrically driven and electronically controlled fuel pump supplying fuel to an aviation motor of the APU type. The thesis gives a comprehensive description of the design cycle of the unit and demonstrates implementing all the required critical functions. In the course of the design of the unit modern techniques in mathematical modelling, simulation, verification, monitoring and prediction of the operation status of airborne equipment were uses to the utmost extent. The purpose of these was to show the suitability of their application with regard to decreasing design time and cost, increasing lifetime and servicing intervals, as well as increasing user comfort and decreasing price. At the same time the required reliability was to be kept. The thesis also aims to prove and verify the suitability of using electronically commutated dc motors in critical applications in civil aviation. To reach this goal, it is necessary to design a robust drive control which would meet the given reliability requirements.