Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000390080-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 12875992 bytes, checksum: bc980660acd72e0401bb159ad554b831 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / The goal of this study is to know the Press and Judiciary understanding about the limits on freedom of speech, based mainly on the judicial decision of “Editora Revisão Case”. The purpose was to perceive, through the interlocution between the two powers responsible for the social access to information, the adopted perspectives about the limits of freedom of speech. The research question is constituted by the identification of similarities and differences of those two areas in relation to the subject, as well as the discussion of relevant topics in Communication and Law. This study followed the qualitative methodology, acting in a systemic view, aiming to contribute, through empirical evidences, with knowledge to deepen the understanding on information rights guarantees and the means to enable them: the Journalism. The development of the study was supported by Laurence Bardin (2004) for its content analysis. The theoretical background on Communication is supported the Communication Research studies and their imbrications, in Theory of the School of Chicago, and in the agenda setting hypothesis, formulated by Maxwell McCombs (1972), which is presented by Clóvis de Barros (1995), Nelson Traquina (2001) e Antonio Hohlfeldt (2001). It was also verified the changes on the freedom of speech concept and its variables in time and space, through a historical view, from classics of free expression to up-to-date studies of the constitutionality of information’s right, based on John Milton (1644, 1999), Stuart Mill (1859, 1978), Barbosa Lima Sobrinho (1977, 1980), Freitas Nobre (1968, 1998), Darcy Arruda Miranda (1994), Alberto André (2000), José Marques de Melo (1973, 2004) and Norberto Bobbio (1999, 2002, 2003).The understanding of the Judiciary – in all its processional instances – was based upon Revista de Jurisprudência published by the Law Court of Rio Grande do Sul, in a special edition about the case. The resultant interferences of the content analysis by judicial decision - interpreted by Freitas Nobre’s (1998), Alberto André’s (2000), Nilson Lage (2001) and Nelson Traquina’s (2001) studies – enable the understanding of certain articulations and influences, as well as the awareness of the limits of Freedom of Speech in “Editora Revisão Case”, which is considered paradigmatic by both academic fields cited previously. / Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer a compreensão da Imprensa e do Poder Judiciário sobre os limites da liberdade de expressão, tomando por base a Decisão Judicial sobre o “Caso Editora Revisão”. A finalidade foi perceber, através da interlocução entre os dois poderes responsáveis pelo acesso social à informação, as perspectivas adotadas sobre os limites à livre expressão. Constituiu-se questão de pesquisa a identificação das semelhanças e divergências das duas áreas em relação ao tema, bem como a discussão de temáticas relevantes na Comunicação e no Direito. O trabalho seguiu a metodologia de investigação qualitativa, operando com uma visão sistêmica, buscando contribuir, através das evidências empíricas, com conhecimentos para o aprofundamento da compreensão sobre as garantias do direito à informação e o meio que viabiliza esse direito, o Jornalismo. O desenvolvimento do trabalho apoiou-se em Laurence Bardin (2004) para análise de conteúdo. O embasamento da Comunicação está alicerçado nos estudos norte-americanos da Comunicação e seus desdobramentos, na teoria da Escola de Chicago, e na hipótese de agendamento, formulada por Maxwell McCombs (1972), apresentada nas leituras de Clóvis de Barros (1995), de Nelson Traquina (2001) e de Antonio Hohlfeldt (2001).Verificou-se, também, as transformações do conceito da liberdade de expressão e suas variáveis no tempo e no espaço, através de uma revisão histórica a partir dos clássicos da livre expressão até os estudos atuais sobre a constitucionalização do direito à informação, com base em John Milton (1644,1999), Stuart Mill (1859, 1978), Barbosa Lima Sobrinho (1977, 1980), Freitas Nobre (1968, 1998), Darcy Arruda Miranda (1994), Alberto André (2000), José Marques de Melo (1973, 2003a, 2003b) e Norberto Bobbio (1999, 2002, 2003). O entendimento do Poder Judiciário ─ em todas as instâncias processuais ─ fundamentou-se na Revista de Jurisprudência, publicada pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Rio Grande do Sul, em edição especial sobre o caso, em 2004. As interferências resultantes da análise de conteúdo da Decisão Judicial ─ interpretadas com base nos estudos de Freitas Nobre (1998), de Alberto André (2000), de Nilson Lage (2001) e de Nelson Traquina (2001) ─ possibilitaram o entendimento das articulações e influências, bem como a compreensão dos limites da liberdade de expressão na Decisão Judicial sobre o “Caso Editora Revisão”, considerado paradigmático para as duas áreas de pesquisa.

Out of many, media is one of our important sources from where we know the world, we learn about society, about our surroundings, about the others. Regardless of time and space media is shaping our knowledge, changing the horizon of our imagination each and every moment.  This study is about representation. How a country as the other is represented in Swedish media landscape. I tried to know -How is Bangladesh represented in Swedish newspapers? I have collected reports about Bangladesh that was published in four main stream Swedish newspapers and conducted a quantitative content analysis through the lenses of Agenda setting, Priming and Framing theory from the post colonial perspective to know how Bangladesh is represented in Swedish newspapers. The results found in this study are more similar to the earlier studies conducted by researchers and further suggests that the framing of Bangladesh, ‘the others as a country’ in the foreign news in Swedish newspapers are dominated by pre-framed notions and images of the source; which is subjected to conduct further study in general or for any particular country.

The purpose of this research is to compare how the European mass media have presented the arrival of refugees to Europe, with an awareness campaign on this issue (Dilemmas). From this comparison several conclusions are obtained regarding the validity of the information provided by the mass media. In addition, I identify the key concepts to understand the logic followed by both the mass media and the communication for development campaign. In fact, the contradictions detected between the information of the mass media and the Dilemmas campaign seem to show an underlying ideological conflict, expressed in contradictory discourses.This research starts with the qualitative systematic review of several research reports that analyse the information that the European mass media offered about the arrival of refugees. The analysis of this information is carried out applying the concepts of Agenda setting and Frames. The two approaches have established the criteria used to systematize the comparison of the different research reports. After the analysis of the mass media, I analyze the UNHCR campaign on refugees, called "Dilemma". This communication campaign sought to raise awareness in Western societies about the refugee reality. The main objective is to know what concepts, elements and design are specific to this communication campaign, in contrast with the information about refugees that were reported by the media in the European Union. The structure of this research is as follows. After the introduction, the theories, models and methodologies used in this research are briefly presented: The Agenda Setting, Framing, as well as the methodology of Critical Discourse Analysis and Systematic review. The Systematic review will be used to integrate the research reports analyzing the information of the refugee crisis in the mass media. Second, the empirical part of the research is developed in four phases. In a first phase, the Systematic review methodology is used to integrate the research reports made in several European countries, analyzing the information on the refugee in the mass media. The Agenda Setting and Framing approaches are used in the Systematic review to systematize the findings of the research reports on the mass media. The conclusions of this first phase are used in a second phase to analyze the UNHCR campaign applying the Critical Discourse Analysis. To really understand the transcendence of the mass media information it is very important to compare its approach and its contents with those used by UNHCR. The contrast between the two allows greater ability to identify their specific characteristics. Finally, in the third and four phases some conclusions and reflections on the research outcomes are presented.

Denna studie undersöker hur svensk dagspress återger debatten om medicinsk ål-dersbedömning av ensamkommande barn. Studien sträcker sig från januari 2010 till mars 2017. Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka argument som varit framträ-dande i debatten som förts och studera huruvida det skett en förändring i debat-ten över tid. För att uppnå detta har jag utfört en kvalitativ textanalys av artiklar som är publicerade av tre stora svenska dagstidningar. För att analysera huvudar-gumenten i debatten har jag därefter använt mig av mitt teoretiska ramverk som består av tidigare forskning relaterat till ämnet samt av teorin, agenda-setting the-ory. Agenda-setting theory påvisar att media har betydelse för vilka frågor som blir av politiskt intresse men även vad allmänheten kommer att betrakta som ett socialt problem. Dessutom visar teorin att detta i sin tur kan påverka hur allmän-heten förhåller sig till den retorik som är dominerande. Det teoretiska ramverket bidrar till studiens tillförlitlighet och tjänar som ett analytiskt verktyg i enlighet med studiens syfte. Resultatet av denna studie antyder att rapporteringen av me-dicinsk åldersbedömning av ensamkommande barn har förändrats under den granskande perioden, i slutet av studien dominerade kravet på att utföra medi-cinska åldersbedömningar av ensamkommande barn. Dessutom framställs ensam-kommande barn som strategiska migranter som ljuger om deras ålder och utgör ett hot mot viktiga svenska normer och värderingar. / This study examine how Swedish daily newspapers are reporting on the issue of medical age estimation of unaccompanied children. The time-period for this study is January 2010 to March 2017. The purpose of this study is to analyze which ar-guments that have been predominate in the debate and if the debate changed in its nature during the time-period for this study. To answer the research questions, I have performed a qualitative text analysis of articles published in three major newspapers in Sweden. I identified the main arguments in the articles, correlating to the issue of medical age estimation and later applied the theoretical framework to analyze the content and bearing of the different arguments. My theoretical framework consists of previous research relevant to this study and the agenda-setting theory. Agenda-setting theory states that the media has an impact on which issues that become of political interest but also on what the public will re-gard as a social problem. Furthermore, it shows how this could influence how the public view problems and act according to the dominant rhetoric. The framework ensure that the research is credible and guides the analysis in a systematic way ac-cording the purpose of the study. The result of this study implies that the reporting of medical age estimation of unaccompanied children has changed over the years following a rhetoric that call for a changed practice, in other words, the use of more medical age estimations. Furthermore, unaccompanied minors, are presented as calculating adults, whom are lying about their age, and oppose as a threat to important Swedish values.

The purpose of this research study is to analyze mental health related content on the three network affiliated stations in Las Vegas, Nevada. Online web stories from broadcast stations are analyzed in terms of the content and tone. These areas of analysis relate directly to the mass communication theories agenda setting and framing. Historically, mental health news reports have included content and tone that together can potentially create and further stigmatizing sentiments about those with mental illnesses. This study utilizes a chi square test to determine if a relationship exists between the three network affiliated stations, four a priori coded mental health content categories, and a rating of the overall tone using a value dimensions scale. Supplemental analyses include frequency evaluations of what has been called “people-first” versus “non-people first” language. By analyzing mental health related content at these three stations in the Las Vegas market this study aims to add heuristic value to the study of mental health reporting in broadcast news. This study will allow for additional research to further test relationships between stations, content, and tone in the Las Vegas and other news markets. Ultimately, this study provides analysis and discussion of the important role of agenda setting and framing in the news industry as it relates to the coverage of mental health related content.

In the aftermath of the South African election, as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) in 2011, the country amongst other things, promised to pursue an African Agenda for Peace and Stability on the continent and in all regions of the world, especially in the Global South. This was coupled with the promise to promote the importance of developing effective partnerships between the United Nations (UN) as well as regional and sub-regional organizations in maintaining international peace and security. These became fundamental foreign policy principles of how South Africa would behave in the Security Council. The UN Charter mandates the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security to the Council. Scholars that have analysed the United Nations often argue that the Council’s decision-making process is driven by the interests of the five permanent members who possess veto power. Thus, it is widely believed that, members that have continuous membership and veto power not only affect the passage of resolutions but also prevent certain issues from entering the agenda through the threat of a veto. While veto-wielding member states can use the veto to bargain their positions, non-permanent members of the Council can have limited influence on the agenda due to the unequal distribution of power. The power-politics argument is widely discussed in the literature of the United Nations; however, limited systematic analytical research has been done to understand how countries other than big powers exercise their influence in the UN Security Council, despite lacking the right to veto power. To contribute to the understanding of the power-politics argument, ways in which emerging countries influence the agenda will be identified. This research report analyses whether and how South Africa delivered on the promise to pursue African interests during its tenure in the UNSC in 2011-2012. This study embarks on content analysis of selected South African interventions and reports regarding African issues in the UNSC. / Mini Dissertation (MDIPS)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Political Sciences / MDIPS / Unrestricted

The aim of this essay is to identify frames found in previous research on US media reporting on Black Lives Matter in two Swedish national newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. Other frames not found in US media were also identified. This analysis is essential as it is important to understand how societal challenges and problems are framed by the media, telling the public what the problem is and how it can be solved, shaping norms and opinions. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis is performed to answer the research questions; 1) The frames in US media: anti-black, pro-white, stereotype and episodic, are they found in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter news articles during the period May 25th to June 25th? 2) How are the frames solidarity, anti-racism, violent demonstrations and police brutality used in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter? 3) Are there episodic and thematic frames in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter during the period?  We make use of Shanto Iyengar’s theory on episodic and thematic, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw's agenda-setting theory and Robert Entman's framing theory. The essay concludes that frames used in US media are not used at all or only used in a very limited number of articles. The result also shows that other frames, not previously used in US media, dominated the Swedish reporting. The last result shows that the episodic frame dominates the articles. Our hope is that this essay complements the current research area with a Swedish perspective on how the media frame the Black Lives Matter movement.

In what ways are Ukrainian refugees framed in Swedish news media? According to agenda-setting theory the choices made by journalists have a real effect on public opinion and politics. This essay attempts to analyse and clarify the portrayal of the refugees from Ukraine in Swedish newspapers in order to make a contribution to the general research about media framing of refugees. 71 articles and editorials from the largest daily newspapers of Sweden, published between February and April of 2022, were read and interpreted. The attributes that refugees were characterised as having were analysed, resulting in two principal frames: the Asset, and the Victim, which represent the predominant ways in which journalists show the refugees as deserving of coming to and remaining in Sweden. The refugees are rarely presented as a problem; rather, it’s the Swedish state and Migration Agency which are portrayed as problematic. The findings are of interest both because of the effect media framing may have on society and politics, but also due to the differences in framing between the Ukrainian refugees and the refugees who came to Sweden during the ‘refugee crisis’ of 2015.

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1 Abstract Since the 1990s, two parallel international phenomena have occurred: the growth of digital communications and the growth of the non-profit sector. The latter growth has taken place globally, but is acutely visible in the Czech Republic. In the Czech Republic, the 1990s posed an interesting challenge for the growth of non-profit organisations after the fall of Communism. One communications practice which has been utilised in business, journalism and the media is transmedia storytelling, though its application has been lacking in the non- profit sector. Through the utilisation of SWOT analysis methodology, this master's thesis will see this practice extrapolated to the non-profit sector in an exploratory case study of Amnesty International groups at various levels in both the Czech Republic and the United Kingdom. From this, the work hopes to achieve a better understanding of how transmedia storytelling practices could aid an international non-profit organisation, such as Amnesty International, in the effectivity of its agenda setting and resource mobilisation - thus eliminating discrepancies between regions in campaigning and fundraising. Keywords: Agenda Setting, Amnesty International, Non-Profit Organisation, Resource Mobilisation, Transmedia Storytelling