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The aim of this essay is to identify frames found in previous research on US media reporting on Black Lives Matter in two Swedish national newspapers, Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter. Other frames not found in US media were also identified. This analysis is essential as it is important to understand how societal challenges and problems are framed by the media, telling the public what the problem is and how it can be solved, shaping norms and opinions. A quantitative and qualitative content analysis is performed to answer the research questions; 1) The frames in US media: anti-black, pro-white, stereotype and episodic, are they found in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter news articles during the period May 25th to June 25th? 2) How are the frames solidarity, anti-racism, violent demonstrations and police brutality used in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter? 3) Are there episodic and thematic frames in Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter during the period?  We make use of Shanto Iyengar’s theory on episodic and thematic, Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw's agenda-setting theory and Robert Entman's framing theory. The essay concludes that frames used in US media are not used at all or only used in a very limited number of articles. The result also shows that other frames, not previously used in US media, dominated the Swedish reporting. The last result shows that the episodic frame dominates the articles. Our hope is that this essay complements the current research area with a Swedish perspective on how the media frame the Black Lives Matter movement.

Denna studie undersöker hur svensk och brittisk tidningspress rapporterade om ländernas inrikes Black Lives Matter-demonstrationer under sommaren 2020. Syftet är att jämföra ett urval av artiklar från respektive land samt undersöka i vilken utsträckning protestparadigmets karaktärsdrag återfinns i artiklarna. Metodologiskt kombineras kvantitativ innehållsanalys och kvalitativ textanalys. Den kvantitativa delen ger en överblick över rapporteringen i artiklarna, medan den kvalitativa delen bidrar med en mer djupgående analys. Det teoretiska ramverket grundar sig i gestaltningsteorin. Mer specifikt tar uppsatsen avstamp i teorin om protestparadigmet, som föreslår att medier tenderar att vinkla rapporteringen mot våld, konflikt och polisingripanden under demonstrationerna snarare än orsak, syfte och mål med en demonstration. Även teorin om aktivistdilemmat används, en teori som menar att demonstranter ofta tar till våldsamma handlingar för medial uppmärksamhet, vilket i sin tur kan bidra med en risk till att rörelsen framställs ofördelaktigt i medierna. Resultatet av studien visar att paradigmets karaktärsdrag tydligt syns i de svenska artiklarna eftersom de till stor del fokuserar på våldsamheter i samband med demonstrationerna, samtidigt som demonstranternas budskap ofta undermineras. Medan paradigmets karaktärsdrag generellt sett nyanseras eller inte förekommer i de brittiska artiklarna eftersom stort utrymme ges till demonstranterna att uttrycka sitt budskap och mål samtidigt som en tydlig distinktion mellan provokatörer och fredliga demonstranter oftast görs.

In Shakespeare’s Othello, Othello faces societal pressures of racism as he marries Senator Brabantio’s White daughter Desdemona. This creates the main plot, and the villain of the play, Iago, plots against him which leads to the destruction of Othello’s reputable character. Othello is transformed into a violent, murderous husband by Iago’s villainous ploy fueled by using racial slurs, and Othello’s final form matches the name his enemies assign him. Stripping Othello of his name and portraying him as “the Moor”, a term used to describe a category of Black persons viewed as barbaric, is a tactic used throughout time and is rooted in historical strategies for identity destruction and racism. The reader witnesses this tactic in a play written some 400 years in the past, but the problem still lingers in America where racism is commonly expressed through “Speech Acts”. Just a short time ago, Paul Robeson, a famous actor of Othello, faced these same problems while pursuing his spot on the stage. In consideration of today’s time, the movement “Say His Name” started following the death of George Floyd only two years ago, and this signifies the persistence of racism alongside the importance of names. Using slurs or refusing to use a person’s rightful name is a form of racial identity destruction witnessed from Shakespeare’s time, to Paul Robeson’s portrayal of the character, and into America’s now as the phrase “Say His Name” has become a staple in the fight against police brutality on Black persons in America.

The following thesis’s purpose is to target the frames of victims Trayvon Martin and George Floyd. Martin and Floyd were killed by white perpetrators and the events later received mass attention by The United States population and media. The subject matter of the victims’ deaths suggested possible motives of ethnic profiling from the perpetrators. Both cases started a debate surrounding the outcome of American culture where discrimination towards African Americans still existed.    The thesis has chosen four news articles by two different American newspapers as test material. These tells perspectives of the cases involving the victims. The news articles were published during a month period after the victims’ deaths. Chosen test materials are examined by a qualitative content analysis, exploring the theoretical concepts of rhetoric. By analyzing the artistic- and inartistic proofs and the dispositions of the news articles, the study finds perspectives and deeper interpreted meanings that can apply certain framings to Trayvon Martin and George Floyd. The purpose of the examination was to determine the frames’ similarities, differences and if they have changed over the years. Also, by examining frames the study was to find emotional reactions through the rhetoric perspective and discuss what these represent.    The result confirms that there are certain frames that suggest emotional traits from a form of sympathy for the African American society. Some of these emotional reactions are anger and sorrow which determine sympathy and possible empathy for the victims and the ones affected. The analysis also suggests Martin’s frames are similar to Floyd’s but are treated differently. For example, Martin is framed as a young victim of a possible hate crime that caused his death, but Floyd is framed as a symbol for a cause that spread world-wide. The content of the news articles differentiates where for example, the focus lays upon the outcomes of the victims’ deaths. These outcomes depend on the cause at hand and how they were impacted by society and not to mention the Black Lives Matter- movement.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka om skildringen av Black lives matter skiljer sig mellan olika tidningar baserat på dess politiska ställningstagande. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys kommer följande frågeställningar att besvaras; Hur ser språkbruket ut i några mediers rapportering om Black Lives Matter? Finns det systematiska skillnader och likheter i språkbruket för olika medier? Vilka ställningstaganden kan urskiljas i nyhetsrapporteringen? Resultatet visar att Fria tider och the American Spectators rubriker, formuleringar och innehåll visar att det präglats av tidningens politiska färg medan Svenska Dagbladet har en mer neutral rapportering. I diskussionen dras slutsatser om vilka följder observationerna i resultatet kan få i förlängningen. Slutsatserna är att majoriteten av artiklarna publicerade på Fria tider och The American Spectator visade på språklig systematik där värdeord och formuleringar användes vilket hade en påverkan över nyhetsrapporteringen då den blev mindre objektiv samt tydde på politiskt ställningstagande i många av artiklarna. I Svenska Dagbladet fanns inte samma språkliga systematik innehållande värdeord eller tendensiösa formuleringar. Språket hade en stor påverkan över helhetsintrycket av artiklarna och med tanke på att sammanhanget är nyhetsrapportering krävdes det få ord eller formuleringar för att urskilja värderingar och urskilja ställningstaganden.

This study examines the user comments left on Twitter posts surrounding the murder of George Floyd, by the two biggest evening papers in Sweden. George Floyd was killed on the 25th of May 2020 during an arrest by Minneapolis police, which sparked outrage across the globe. People took to the streets to protest against police brutality and racial injustice, but thorough discussion also took place on social media and most notably, Twitter. Former research expresses a big interest in studying the public discourse tied to these topics, as it reflects public opinion. This study uses a mixed methods analysis, which includes a quantitative content analysis and a qualitative text analysis. The material studied are comments left on Aftonbladet- and Expressen’s Twitter posts from the day George Floyd was killed until a week after the police officer who was responsible was found guilty, almost a full year later. The purpose with this study was to deduce how the comments represented George Floyd, and how “Us” and “Them” were constructed. The study also aimed to find out which deliberative or non-deliberative qualities appear in the comments, and which of them generated the most attention. This was achieved with the theoretical basis of Critical Race Theory, Deliberative Democracy and Othering.The results show that George Floyd is mainly represented as a criminal, and that the comments constructed a strict “Us” and an even stricter “The Others”. The comments contained many non-deliberative qualities, and these were the ones who gained the most traction.

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Autoscopy is a poetry collection that constellates together the speaker's ancestral experience of Jewish diaspora and genocide, the ongoing oppression and genocide of Palestinians, and the anti-Black racism that led to the police-murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. In all, the speaker is at once close and far from what they witness, both personally impacted and implicated by their witnessing. In documentary, translation, prayer, elegiac, confessional, and experimental modes, these poems locate the possibility and need for a reimagined mode of kinship, using diasporic and queer desire as a means of reparation. / Master of Fine Arts / Autoscopy is a poetry collection.

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