Studien undersöker de faktorer som ligger bakom spelutvecklingsföretagens val vid etablering i de centrala delarna av Malmö. Analys har gjorts på hur spelutvecklingsföretagen resonerar kring deras beslut samt vilka faktorer de grundar sin lokalisering på. Enligt tidigare studier är det vanligt att kontorssektorn lokaliserar sig centralt då företaget kan dra nytta av de agglomerationsfördelar som generellt skapas genom kluster. Vid en nyttomaximerad verksamhet blir betalningsviljan högre på dessa platser. Andra studier har däremot visat att spelutvecklingsföretag har möjligheten att placera sig utanför städerna eftersom de inte har samma karaktärsdrag som den karakteristiska kontorssektorn. Den här studien är avgränsad inom spelutvecklingsindustrin i Malmö, vilket inte inkluderar online gambling. Malmö är en välkänd spelhubb världen över och det sker många internationella rekryteringar. Staden erbjuder bra kommunikationer både regionalt men också internationellt då Köpenhamns flygplats bara ligger 20 minuter från Malmös centralstation. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat via semistrukturerade intervjuer gjorda med representanter från både Massive Entertainment och Avalanche Studios. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ ansats men också textanalys då vi granskat spelutvecklingsföretagens internethemsidor. Grunden för studien har byggts upp med hjälp av teoretiskt material. Resultatet av studien visar att spelföretag beaktar medarbetarnas närhet till arbetsplatsen som en av de viktigaste faktorerna vid placering av deras kontor. Det är viktigt att kontorsplaceringen förenklar gång- och cykelavstånd till och från de stora kommunikationspunkterna. En annan orsak till att både Massive och Avalanche etablerade sig i Malmö var att man ville vara en del i stadens gemenskap. De flesta spelutvecklingsföretagen i Malmö är beroende av varandra därför att de delar samma typ av arbetskraft, kompetens och genom närhet till varandra underlättas stora sammankomster och samarbeten. / The study examines the underlying factors behind game development companies choices when establishing in the central parts of Malmö. The analysis has been based on how game development companies reason about their decision as well as which factors they found their localisation on. According to previous studies it is common that the office sector often choose to localise centrally because the company can benefit from the agglomeration economies that are generally created through clusters. By having a utility maximized business the willingness-to-pay increases in these places. However previous studies have shown that game development companies have the opportunity to locate outside of the cities since they do not have the same characteristics as the common office sector.This study is limited to the game development industry in Malmo, which do not include online gambling. Malmo is a well-known gaming hub worldwide and there is frequent international recruitment. The city offers good communications both regionally and internationally, since Copenhagen Airport is only 20 minutes away from Malmo centralstation.The empirical material is gathered through semi-structured interviews made with representatives from both Massive Entertainment and Avalanche Studios. The study is founded on a qualitative approach but also text analysis by examining game development companies websites. The foundation of the study has been based on theoretical material. The results of the study show that the game development companies take their employees commute into consideration as one of the most important factors for the placement of their office. It is of importance that the office placement simplifies with easy access to and from the workplace by foot and cycling as well as the main commuting routes. Another reason why both Massive and Avalanche established themselves in Malmo was because they wanted to be part of the city's community. Most game development companies in Malmo are dependent on each other because they are sharing the same type of workforce and competence, and through proximity to each other, large gatherings and collaborations are facilitated.

Several huge transport infrastructure projects have been implemented in the Scania region, Sweden, during the last two decades and more are on the way. The reasoning for constructions such projects usually include direct benefits on commuting cost savings and indirect impacts on agglomeration economies and, therefore, productivity in the region. While there is a consensus between researchers about the agglomeration impact on productivity, the effect of different types of transport infrastructure resulted in the heterogeneous estimates, varying both by sign and magnitude and  strongly depending on context. The aim of this thesis is to enrich the existing discourse with the new empirical evidence from Scania and answer the questions: What effect does agglomeration economies measures have on productivity in Scania? What effect do different types of physical transport infrastructure have on productivity in Scania?  What elasticities different types of transport infrastructure have in regards to productivity? The result of the research confirms the impact of employment density, specialisation, knowledge spillovers and urban amenities on productivity in Scania which is in line with previous research. Moreover, there is a significant negative effect of road-kilometres density (-0.0365) and positive effect of bus infrastructure in the form of service provision (0.0235). Railways show positive and significant effects as well in the form of distance to railway station (0.0327), but the data for this variable and therefore estimates could be improved. The thesis ends with the discussion of the results, limitations and possible policy implications.

Mixes with lower water to cement (w/c) ratio and supplementary cementing materials produce strong and durable concrete. The consequence of lowering w/c is an increase in autogenous shrinkage (AS), which contributes to concrete cracking. Internal curing (IC) is shown to mitigate AS, however improper dosing of IC material can negatively affect the concrete properties. The effectiveness of IC material, such as superabsorbent polymer (SAP), depends on the 1) amount of water stored, 2) particle distribution, and 3) ability to deliver water. The objective of this research is to quantify the in-situ efficiency of SAP by investigating its effect on the cement chemical reaction using non-destructive testing methods, specifically isothermal calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). IC was tested with varying quantities of SAP in plain cement paste using white Portland cement and three w/c (0.30, 0.32, 0.35). Overdosing of the SAP material was found to significantly affect the hydration reaction and reduce the efficiency of the material. The initial porosity of the paste influences the ability of IC to provide water. However, the extra porosity provided by SAP needs to be considered when calculating the degree of hydration. Particle agglomeration occurs when the mass of SAP to IC water is greater than 5% and is the main factor causing loss of efficiency. A new geometric model was developed to estimate the SAP distribution within the cement paste. The model employs the SAP absorption determined by NMR and assumes that the SAP particles are spherical, of equal diameter, and individual particles absorb the same amount of pore solution. The results reveal that particle spacing increases with agglomeration and reduces the IC efficiency. A hybrid 1-D finite element transient flow model was developed to reverse engineer the effective diffusion coefficient from the NMR water distribution. The gel solid volume fraction and its impedance to water transfer were accounted for through the cement degree of hydration and tortuosity factor, respectively. Model results reveal that the effective water diffusion coefficient depends on w/c, gel volume fraction, and tortuosity once the cement gel fractions start to connect, i.e., after 20% cement degree of hydration. The diffusion length quantifies the distance water can transfer from the SAP to the cement paste. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

[pt] Esta tese explora o impacto da infraestrutura de transporte sobre desenvolvimento econômico e os efeitos do poder político das elites agrárias no investimento em educação. O primeiro capítulo documenta o impacto da rede ferroviária brasileira na transformação estrutural da economia entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX. Exploramos a variação induzida pela localização geográfica, onde municípios próximos às rotas de menor custo estavam mais propensos a serem conectados ao sistema ferroviário, para identificar os efeitos causais das ferrovias sobre transformação estrutural. Mostramos que a expansão da infraestrutura de transporte realoca os trabalhadores da agricultura para a manufatura. Fornecemos evidências de que a integração do mercado e a adoção de novas tecnologias pelas empresas manufatureiras são dois mecanismos importantes que explicam a mudança na estrutura ocupacional da economia. O segundo capítulo explora a persistência do impacto da rede ferroviária brasileira no desenvolvimento econômico de longo prazo entre 1950 e 2010. Exploramos a variação induzida pela localização geográfica, onde municípios próximos às rotas de menor custo tinham maior probabilidade de estarem conectados ao sistema ferroviário, para identificar os efeitos causais das ferrovias na atividade econômica. Mostramos que, apesar do declínio da rede ferroviária pós-1950, o efeito sobre desenvolvimento econômico persistiu ao longo do tempo. Nossos resultados sugerem que aglomeração e urbanização foram os principais impulsionadores da persistência da atividade econômica. No terceiro capítulo, estudamos a relação entre o poder político das elites agrárias e a disseminação da educação em massa no início do século XX no Brasil. Utilizamos um novo conjunto de dados sobre a estrutura ocupacional das elites votantes em 1905 e censos históricos para testar se locais onde mais eleitores pertenciam à elite agrícola investiam menos em educação. Constatamos que os municípios com maior participação de eleitores na agricultura têm uma menor taxa de alfabetização em 1920 e esses efeitos persistem até a década de 1970. A longo prazo, os municípios com maior participação de eleitores na agricultura têm menos anos de escolaridade e menor renda per capita. Apresentamos evidências de que o fornecimento de insumos educacionais é o principal mecanismo que explica a persistência a longo prazo. / [en] This dissertation explores the impact of transportation infrastructure on economic development and the effects of agrarian elites political power on investments in education. The first chapter documents the impact of the Brazilian railway network on structural transformation between the late nineteenth and middle twentieth century. We exploit variation induced by geographic location, where municipalities near the least-cost routes were more likely to be connected to railway system, to identify the causal effects of railroads on structural transformation. We show that the expansion of the transportation infrastructure shifts the workers from agriculture to manufacturing. We provide evidence that market integration and the adoption of new technologies by manufacturing firms were two important mechanisms that explain the change in the occupational structure of the economy. The second chapter explores the persistence of the impact of Brazil s railway network on long-run economic development between 1950 and 2010. We exploit variation induced by geographic location, where municipalities near the least-cost routes were more likely to be connected to railway system, to identify the causal effects of railroads on economic activity. We show that, despite the decline of the railway network post-1950s, the effect on economic development persisted. Our findings suggest that agglomeration and urbanization were key drivers of economic activity persistence. In the third chapter, we study the relationship between the political power of agrarian elites and the spread of mass schooling in the early 20th century in Brazil. We use a novel dataset on the occupational structure of the voting elites in 1905 and historical censuses to test whether places, where more voters belonged to the agriculture elite, invested less in schooling. We find that municipalities with a higher share of agriculture voters have a lower literacy rate in 1920 and these effects persist until the 1970s. In the long-run, municipalities that had a higher share of agriculture voters have fewer years of schooling and lower income per capita. We provide evidence that the supply of educational inputs is the main mechanism that explains the long-term persistence.

The growing development of nanotechnology has resulted in an increased use of nanoparticles (NPs) in various applications ranging from medicine, military, to daily consumer products. There is a concern that NPs can be dispersed into the environment in various ways, for example to air and water during manufacture, use, incineration or recycling of products and thus pose a risk to health and the environment. Risk assessments of NPs are hence necessary. One property of NPs, which may make them very useful and at the same time potentially harmful, is their small size (in nanometer range) and hence high surface area per NP mass.This study forms part of the National Mistra Environmental Nanosafety Research Program. The program provides an interdisciplinary platform for researchers from e.g. nanoscience, medicine, chemistry, material science, life cycle analysis, and social science. Specific aspects of this program involve characterization of NPs in different environmental settings, toxicity studies of aquatic organisms, integrated risk assessment of NPs, and societal dimensions of nanosafety. The contribution of this thesis within the program includes studies of stability and mobility of metal NPs and their extent of transformation/dissolution upon environmental interaction. Environmental risk assessments of NPs require a detailed understanding of how they change in terms of physical and chemical properties (charge, size, and surface oxide composition), important aspects for their stability, mobility, and reactivity in the environment. Generated data is highly relevant for the other activities of the Mistra Environmental Nanosafety program, e.g. to gain an improved understanding and design of particle dispersions and ecotoxicity studies, as any environmental interaction will result in the transformation/dissolution of the NPs and change the surface chemistry (e.g. adsorption of natural organic matter, changes in surface oxide properties), aspects that largely influence their speciation and potential toxicity.Common sonication protocols exist to prepare particle dispersions for different in vitro studies. The influence of key parameters stipulated by these protocols on the particle size, transformation/dissolution, and extent of sedimentation was investigated for bare metal NPs. Improved knowledge on these aspects is crucial for design and interpretation of results of NP-related investigations. Reactive metal NPs such as Cu and Mn NPs started to dissolve and release metals already during the probe sonication step of the stock solution, and that the presence of bovine serum albumin (often added as a stabilizing agent) enhanced this process. Even though prolonged sonication time i.e. increased delivered acoustic energy, reduced the size of formed agglomerates, sedimentation was still significant. As a consequence, administered doses from pipetted stock solutions were significantly lower (30-70%) than the nominal doses. The main reason behind the significant extent of agglomeration, with concomitant sedimentation, is related to the strong van der Waals forces prevailing between metal NPs. It is hence essential to determine the administrated dose of metallic NPs in e. g. nanotoxicological testing.Interactions between metallic NPs and natural organic matter (NOM) were studied in terms of stability, mobility and metal dissolution in order to mimic a potential exposure scenario. NOM was represented by humic acid (HA), a main component of organic matter in the environment, and by dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), a small degradation product of NOM. Sedimentation of the Cu, and the Al NPs were slower in the presence of NOM in freshwater compared with freshwater only, whereas the effect of NOM was small for the Mn NPs. Stabilization was related to surface adsorption of NOM, which increased the steric repulsion between the particles, and in the case of HA also increased the magnitude of the zeta potential (resulting in increased electrostatic repulsion). Slight initial increase in particle stability wasobserved in freshwater containing DHBA, but after 24 h, sedimentation of the NPs was comparable to the conditions in freshwater only. The presence of HA (at a concentration of 20 mg/L) was found to stabilize the NPs in freshwater for more than 24 h. However, both the lower and higher HA concentration (2 and 40 mg/L) resulted in agglomeration of the Cu and Al NPs already within a few hours. Mn NPs were more stable in terms of sedimentation in freshwater at all three humic acid concentrations. This concludes that the concentration and type of NOM largely influence the stability of the studied metal NPs in solution. In contrast, SiO2 NPs were not influenced by the presence of NOM in terms of stability, most probably predominantly related to smaller attractive van der Waals forces and larger electrostatic repulsion (due to higher surface charge) compared with the metal NPs.Metal release from the Cu and Al NPs was enhanced in the presence of NOM, whereas no significant influence was observed for the Mn NPs. All metal NPs were dissolved relatively fast; 10% or more of the particle mass was dissolved within 24 h. Speciation predictions revealed rapid complexation between released Cu and Al in solution and NOM, reducing the bioavailability, whereas less complexation was evident for released Mn (as ions). In all, rapid agglomeration and sedimentation imply that any risks associated with the environmental dispersion of these metal NPs will be limited to the vicinity of their source. Mn NPs, having lower sedimentation rates than the Cu and Al NPs, and lack of solution complexation of released ions will likely have a relatively higher probability to be mobile and transported to other aquatic settings.

[pt] O objetivo deste trabalho foi sintetizar pós submicrônicos de Y2W3O12 e Al2W3O12 visando estudar o efeito da incorporação destas cargas no coeficiente de expansão térmica (CET) e nas propriedades mecânicas de compósitos de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). As partículas de Y2W3O12 foram obtidas pelos métodos de coprecipitação por mistura de reagentes e coprecipitação reversa modificada, com o intuito de avaliar a influência destas rotas no grau de aglomeração dos pós preparados. Ambos os métodos permitiram obter pós submicrônicos de Y2W3O12 0. 0.7 um) com tamanhos de partículas primárias e graus de aglomeração semelhantes, conforme verificado por diversas técnicas de caracterização. As partículas de Al2W3O12 foram sintetizadas pelos métodos de coprecipitação por mistura de reagentes e coprecipitação normal, utilizando duas fontes de tungstênio e os precursores obtidos foram secos no micro-ondas. Os efeitos do pH da síntese (4.2 e 6.0) no estado de aglomeração dos pós sintetizados foram avaliados. Pós submicrônicos de Al2W3O12 0.22 0.87 um) foram produzidos utilizando estas rotas. A coprecipitação pela mistura de reagentes em pH=4.2 permitiram obter pós com aglomerados de menor tamanho (0.22 um). Os compósitos de PEAD foram fabricados por microextrusão-microinjeção, com partículas de Al2W3O12 e Y2W3O12 (0.70 um) em frações volumétricas na faixa de 0.001 0.011. Os compósitos PEAD/Y2W3O12 exibiram reduções no CET de 20 25 porcento quando comparados ao PEAD na faixa de 25 70 °C, enquanto os compósitos PEAD/Al2W3O12 mostraram reduções no CET de 7 8 porcento. O módulo de Young aumentou 11 32 porcento e 21 porcento para os compósitos reforçados com Y2W3O12 e Al2W3O12, respectivamente, enquanto a estabilidade térmica do PEAD foi preservada para todos os compósitos. / [en] The aim of this work was to synthesize Al2W3O12 and Y2W3O12 submicronic powders and study the effect of incorporation of these fillers on thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. Y2W3O12 was synthesized via co-precipitation by mixing reactants and modified reverse strike co-precipitation, to assess the influence of the method on agglomeration degree of powders. Both methods produced Y2W3O12 submicronic powders (0.60 0.70 um), with similar primary particle sizes and agglomeration degrees, as verified by different characterization techniques. Al2W3O12 was synthesized via co-precipitation by mixing reactants and normal strike method, using two distinct tungsten sources and the assynthesized precursors were microwave dryied. The effects of synthesis pH (4.2 and 6.0) on final agglomeration state of the as-synthesized powders were assessed. Al2W3O12 submicronic powders (0.22 0.87 um) were synthesized by these routes. Co-precipitation by mixing reactants at pH=4.2 led to Al2W3O12 powders with smaller agglomerate sizes (0.22 um). HDPE composites were manufactured by micro-compounding, using Al2W3O12 and Y2W3O12 powders with similar particle sizes (0.70 um), at volume fractions in the range of 0.001 0.011. HDPE/Y2W3O12 composites presented CTE reductions of 20 25 porcento compared to neat HDPE, in the temperature range of 25 70 Celsius degrees, while HDPE/Al2W3O12 composites displayed reductions on CTE of 7 8 porcent. Young s moduli of composites were increased 11 32 porcent nd 21 porcent when filled with Y2W3O12 and Al2W3O12, respectively, whilst thermal stability of HDPE was preserved for all composites.

With continued shrinking of CMOS technology to reduce the gate delay times, an increase in the resistivity of the metal corresponding to the wire dimension is a concern. This phenomenon of increase in resistivity with decreasing dimension of the thin metallic film or interconnect is known as the "classical size effect". Various theories have been postulated to explain the phenomenon of classical size effect; these theories can be broadly classified as resistivity due to scattering arising from surface and grain boundaries. The total resistivity of metals depends on the electron scattering due to impurities, phonons, surfaces, grain boundaries, and other crystal defects. Managing the size effect in a practical and manufacturing way is of major concern to the microelectronics industry. Since each of the processes (phonon, surface and grain boundary scattering) adds to the resistivity and are interrelated, it further complicates managing the size effect. However, these effects have been separately studied. In this work, the effect of annealing on the classical size effect in Cu thin films deposited on SiO2 substrate is investigated. Polycrystalline Cu thin films having thicknesses in the range of 10nm to 200nm were ultra high vacuum sputter deposited on thermally grown SiO2 surfaces. The films were annealed at temperatures in the range of 150°C to 800°C in argon and argon+3% hydrogen gases. The un-annealed Cu thin films exhibit higher resistivity than the annealed films. The resistivities of un-annealed films were in good agreement with Mayadas and Shatzkes model. When annealed the films undergoes grain growth resulting in lowering the resistivities by about 20%-30% thereby confirming the role of grain size on resistivity of the film. However, there is a limit to annealing, i.e. agglomeration phenomenon. Agglomeration is a thermally activated process resulting in a reduction of the free energy of the film–substrate system and can occur well below the melting point of the material by surface and interfacial diffusion. The reduction of film-substrate interfacial energy, film-surface interfacial energy and stresses within the film are possible driving forces for agglomeration. This work also includes the study of agglomeration phenomenon. The agglomeration behavior of Cu is investigated and compared with that of Ru, Au and Pt thin films with thicknesses in the range of 10 nm to 100 nm UHV deposited on thermally grown SiO2 substrate. The films were annealed at temperatures in the range of 150°C to 800°C in argon and argon+3% hydrogen gases. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the agglomeration behavior, and transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the microstructure of the as-deposited and annealed films. The agglomeration sequence in all the films is found to follow a two step process of void nucleation and void growth. However, void growth in Au and Pt thin films is different from Cu and Ru thin films. Residual stress and adhesion were observed to play important part in deciding the mode of void growth in Au and Pt thin films. Lastly, it is also observed that the tendency for agglomeration can be reduced by encapsulating the metal film with an oxide overlayer, which in turn improves the resistivity of the thin film due to prolonged grain growth without film breakup.

Particulate emissions from road transportation are known to have an adverse impact on human health as well the environment. As the effects become more palpable, stricter legislation have been proposed by regulating bodies. This puts forward a challenge for the automotive industry to develop after treatment technologies to fulfil the progressively stricter legislation. At present, the most common after-treatment technologies used for particulates are the diesel and gasoline particulate filters. The typical size distribution of the particles is such that the smallest particles in terms of size are in numbers the largest, although they are not influencing the total particle mass significantly. The most recent legislation have included restrictions on the particle number as well as particle mass. In this thesis numerical tools for studying the transport and interaction of particles in an exhaust flow are evaluated. The specific application is particle agglomeration as a mean to reduce the number of particles and manipulate the size distribution. As particles agglomerate the particle number distribution is shifted and larger sized agglomerates of particles are created reducing the number of ultra-fine particles. The particle agglomeration is obtained by forcing sudden acceleration and deceleration of the host gas carrying the particles by variations in the cross sectional areas of the geometry it is passing through. Initially, a simplified one dimensional model is utilized to assess the governing parameters of particle grouping. Grouping here means that the particles form and are transported in groups, thus increasing the probability for agglomeration. The lessons learned from the 1D-model are also used to design the three dimensional geometry: an axisymmetric corrugated pipe. Two different geometries are studied, they both have the same main pipe diameter but different diameter on the corrugations. The purpose is to find the potential onset of flow instabilities and the influence of 3D-effects such as recirculation on the agglomeration. The CFD simulations are performed using DES methodology. First the simulations are run without particles in a non pulsatile flow scenario. Later particles are added to the setup in a one way coupled approach (no particle-particle interaction). The main results were: 1) An additional criterion for grouping to the ones given in previous work on the 1D model is proposed. It is found that grouping is more likely if the combination of the pulse frequency and geometric wavelength is large. Furthermore, smooth pulse forms (modelling the modulation in the flow due to the geometry) yielded more grouping than other more abrupt pulse shapes. However, idealised inlet pulses underestimate the extent of grouping compared to actual engine pulses. 2) For the geometry with larger maximum cross sectional area stronger flow separation was observed along with higher turbulent kinetic energy. 3) Particles were added in the flow field and a reduction in the particle count was observed in the initial simulations for particles going from the first corrugated segment to the last. Natural extensions of the present work would be to consider pulsatile flow scenarios, particle-particle interaction and a polydisperse setup for the particles / <p>QC 20181008</p>

No description available.

Rättvik, is a small town in Dalarna, Sweden, with just over 11 000 inhabitants. The population is growing older, and the average age is close to 50, which is the 9th highest in the country. That the average age in the municipality has been rising, while the population has been roughly the same over the last 20 years is a combination of a few different factors. Among these are a decreased number of births and an outmigration of young adults. The purpose of this study is to, through qualitative analysis, highlight which motives young adults who leave Rättvik municipality have. Aside from highlighting the individual motives, the study also analyses how the respondents see differences between young men and women. One example of these differences is the gender-based segregation in the workforce, where rural areas in Sweden generally have a higher quantity of jobs that are male dominated. This paper will also highlight the different factors that motivate people to either return to Rättvik or not.There were two main motives for young adults who leave Rättvik. These are post-secondary education in areas of interest not available in Rättvik, and a yearning for something new and bigger, providing new life experiences. There were also other factors that had an impact on the respondents choice to leave Rättvik, for example love, where they chose to leave the town and move to a bigger city with their significant other. Several respondents have also described pressures or expectations to pursue further education. This mindset over a long period of time made the decision to leave Rättvik easier for many of the respondents. In terms of the gender perspective, many of the respondents described how the interests that are popular in smaller Swedish towns like Rättvik generally attracts men more than women. This, combined with the aforementioned gender-based segregation in the workforce could be a factor to why women, to a larger extent, chose to leave small towns for bigger cities. When the respondents were asked about an eventual return to Rättvik, the opinions were divided. Some respondents showed a high interest in returning to Rättvik, while others were less inclined to do so, and would prefer to live in a bigger city where the job market is larger, and mobility generally is better. / Rättvik är en liten kommun i Dalarna med strax över 11 000 invånare. Rättviks kommun har den 9e högsta medelåldern i Sverige och befolkningen blir allt äldre trots att den totala populationen inte minskar. Detta är konsekvensen av ett minskat barnafödande i kombination med en utflyttning av unga vuxna samt inflyttning av äldre. Att befolkningssammansättningen förändras på detta vis resulterar i negativa konsekvenser för kommunen, då en allt större del av befolkningen inte längre är i en arbetsför ålder. I denna kvalitativa fallstudie undersöker unga vuxnas motiv att lämna Rättviks kommun genom 6st intervjuer med respondenter som valt att flytta från kommunen före 30 års ålder. Undersökningen lyfter fram vilka motiv dessa sex respondenter hade när de valde att lämna kommunen, om de uppfattar att det finns en skillnad mellan kvinnor och män när det kommer till att lämna kommunen, samt hur de ser på att vid en senare punkt i livet, återvända till Rättvik.Det var i huvudsak två huvudanledningar som respondenterna beskrev som motiv att lämna kommunen. Dessa var att söka sig till en eftergymnasial utbildning de var intresserade av och längtan att se något nytt och större för att skaffa sig nya livserfarenheter. Det var även andra, mer personliga faktorer som spelade in, exempelvis kärlek, där respondenter valt att flytta med sin partner till annan ort. Flera av respondenterna beskriver dessutom hur de känt en viss press eller förväntningar att de ska vidareutbilda sig, och varit inställda på det långt före de faktiskt sökt utbildningen. När det kommer till skillnader mellan män och kvinnor lägger respondenterna mycket vikt vid att det upplevs som i glesbygdskommuner som Rättvik generellt uppfattas som att intressen och yrken som är mer maskulina eller mansdominerade är populära. Detta kan vara en bidragande faktor till varför unga kvinnor söker sig till större städer. Respondenterna var kluvna gällande frågan om återflytt, där några lyfte ett starkt intresse av att återvända till kommunen då de värderade sin uppväxt och kulturen i Rättvik högt, medan andra istället lyfte att de troligtvis inte väljer att flytta tillbaka. Detta grundar sig i faktorer som agglomeration då ett större utbud på arbetstillfällen i större städer lockar många dit. Dessutom värderas den närhet och tillgänglighet som finns i större städer högt.