Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-17T17:35:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ernane Tarcisio Martins Gomes.pdf: 1573845 bytes, checksum: 78069c6459bd2b6aba951ba371ae74fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-17T17:35:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Ernane Tarcisio Martins Gomes.pdf: 1573845 bytes, checksum: 78069c6459bd2b6aba951ba371ae74fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-17 / CNPq / Soil organic matter can be derived from the decomposition of animal or vegetable. Most commercial crops show photosynthetic mechanisms C3 and C4, which set different carbon isotopes C12 or C13. Through isotopic analysis can determine the origin and prevalence of type of carbon that make up the soil organic matter (SOM) in a given area. Depending on the chemical fractionation MOS can also be divided into fractions FAF, FAH and FHU, these fractions have specific characteristics depending on their origin training and ambient conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of plant origin C3 or C4 in the formation of the chemical and molecular structure of humic substances extracted from four areas with different vegetation cover, but submitted to agroecological management. To investigate this influence were extracted humic substances (HS) of these soils, being held chemical fractionation and chemical characterization by NMR analysis, FTIR, quantification and ?13C e ?15N isotopes in the AH fraction, 13 C-CP / MAS NMR and elemental determination. From the results obtained from these analyzes it was concluded that the plant does not influence qualitative differences, but in quantitative between the chemical components of humic substances (HS), the type of photosynthetic cycle does not seem to be a determining factor in the formation and incorporation of the types of structures in HA, but rather the quantities of these structures and their humic organizational distribution. The chemometric theoretical analyzes indicate that the development and preservation of humic these soils may be possible in intensive management systems such as rotation upon application of exogenous sources of stabilized SH, as well as favoring the humidification process in less managed systems as pasture and SAF. In this study it was demonstrated by characterization and chemometrics applied to AH of an agro-ecological system, the current state of MOS in terms of stability and structural enrichment and being proposed possible avenues for recovery and preservation of SH in mineral soils that may contribute to the increase in conditions fertility and thus agricultural production. / A mat?ria org?nica do solo pode ser oriunda da decomposi??o de animais ou vegetais. A maioria das culturas comerciais apresentam mecanismos fotossint?ticos C3 ou C4, que fixam diferentes is?topos de carbono C12 ou C13. Atrav?s de an?lises isot?picas ? poss?vel determinar a origem e predomin?ncia do tipo de carbono que comp?em a mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS) em determinada ?rea. Em fun??o do fracionamento qu?mico a MOS ainda pode ser dividida nas fra??es FAF, FAH e FHU, estas fra??es apresentam caracter?sticas especificas em fun??o da sua origem de forma??o e condi??es ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influ?ncia da origem vegetal C3 ou C4 na forma??o da estrutura qu?mica e molecular das substancias h?micas extra?das de quatro ?reas com cobertura diferentes vegetais, por?m submetidas ao manejo agroecol?gico. Para averiguar esta influ?ncia foram extra?das as substancias h?micas (SH) destes solos, sendo realizado o fracionamento qu?mico e caracteriza??o qu?mica atrav?s de an?lises de RMN, FTIR, quantifica??o de is?topos ?13C e?15N na fra??o de AH, 13C-CP/MAS NMR e a determina??o elementar. A partir dos resultados obtidos a partir dessas an?lises foi poss?vel concluir que a origem vegetal n?o influencia em diferen?as qualitativas e sim em quantitativas entre os componentes qu?micos das substancias h?micas (SH), o tipo de ciclo fotossint?tico n?o parece ser um fator determinante na forma??o e incorpora??o dos tipos de estruturas nos AH, mas sim nas quantidades destas estruturas e na sua distribui??o organizacional h?mica. As an?lises te?ricas quimiom?tricas indicam que a incorpora??o e preserva??o de MO humificada nestes solos pode ser poss?vel em sistemas de manejo intensivo como a rota??o, mediante aplica??es de fontes ex?genas de SH estabilizada, assim como tamb?m o favorecimento dos processos de humifica??o em sistemas menos manejados como pastagem e SAF. Neste estudo foi comprovado mediante carateriza??o e quimiometria aplicadas aos AH de um sistema agroecol?gico, o estado atual da MOS em termos de estabilidade e enriquecimento estrutural e sendo propostas poss?veis vias para a recupera??o e preserva??o das SH em solos minerais que possam contribuir ao aumento das condi??es de fertilidade e consequentemente da produ??o agr?cola.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:54:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HenriqueESJ_DISSERT.pdf: 2276538 bytes, checksum: 0cc10bf0d3c39c0a748fc4d563b4c50e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / The aim of the paper is to carry out a geo-environmental characterization of Apodi District, in Rio Grande do Norte State, as a support to agro-ecological zoning studies on that region. The first methodology action was to accomplish a comprehensive bibliography review on the subject, followed by observation of satellite images and their processing throughout geographic information systems (SIG), as well as technical visits to various places in order to verify in loco the preset conditions of the soil and the environmental degradation problems in those areas. The paper also presents data about the socio-economy and physic-natural local aspects of the land, required to the implementation of zoning studies which are one the most important tool to the planning and organization of the use of the soil containing a sustainable cattle-raising activity. As a result, thematic maps describing the physic-natural features and analysis of the socio-environment data, indispensable to the agro-ecological zoning, have been provided / Este trabalho objetivou a caracteriza??o geoambiental do munic?pio de Apodi, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, como subs?dio para estudos de zoneamento agroecol?gico dessa regi?o. S?o apresentados dados acerca da socioeconomia local e dos aspectos f?sico-naturais da paisagem necess?rios a elabora??o do zoneamento, uma das principais ferramentas para organiza??o do uso do solo com uma atividade agropecu?ria sustent?vel. Como metodologia, foi efetuada uma revis?o bibliogr?fica, observa??o de imagens de sat?lite e seu processamento por sistemas de informa??es geogr?ficas (SIG) e visitas t?cnicas ?s diversas paisagens da ?rea, para a verifica??o, in loco, das condi??es de utiliza??o atual do solo e observa??o de problemas de degrada??o ambiental nessas ?reas. Como resultados, foram elaborados mapas tem?ticos dos atributos f?sico-naturais e an?lise dos dados socioambientais de interesse para o zoneamento agroecol?gico

This study assesses agricultural planning and production perspective on smallholder farms of Boschplaats 91 JR using an integration of a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS). The main objective was to evaluate the use of agro-ecological zoning (AEZ) in planning and its role in promoting sustainable agricultural production on a smallholder farm. This was achieved through processing, analysis and interpretation of satellite images together with in situ spatial data for land suitability evaluation. SPOT-5 images, which were acquired from 2006 through to 2011 were used to detect change that took place in the study area. Agro-ecological parameters such as soil, climate and terrain are limiting factors that would have a negative impact on agricultural production. Soil degradation is also a major problem to food security in Thaba Ya Batho smallholder farms and presents environmental constraints to agricultural expansion. Suitable land that could increase food production was identified and mapped. This contributes to delineation of the suitability of the land and demarcating areas of high agricultural potential. The results show that a GIS and RS make it possible to plan and monitor the use of the environment on Thaba Ya Batho smallholdings. The analysis of climate, soil and terrain has shown that more than 80% of the study area is suitable for both irrigated and dryland production. A number of key constraints faced by smallholder farmers are presented. Lack of experience and poor agricultural planning were found to be among limiting factors to production. Despite the scale at which agro-ecological zones are generated, they still play significant role in planning of agricultural production / Department of Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:49:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In the present work a study on environmental impacts caused by agricultural activities and the identification of potentially degraded or degraded areas resulting from such activities was performed. The study areas selected were the municipality of Conde, located on the south littoral of the State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, whose geographical coordinates are lat 07°15 3 S and long 34° 54 27 W, totalling an area of 16,477.3 ha; and the rural settlement of Barra de Gramame, in the north of that municipality, whose geographical coordinates are between lat 7o14 06 and 7o15 32 S, and between long 34o48 37 and 34o51 11 W, totalling an area of 772.17 ha. This work was carried out in two stages: firstly, the most susceptible areas to degradation and the areas unduly exploited were mapped by using topographic charts on the scale of 1:100,000 and by using maps and images from satellite LANDSAT TM-7 scene 214/065, Channels 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7, resolution at 30 m, from August 2001; in the second stage a study on the impact of agricultural practices in the rural settlement was performed and the mapping and evaluation of environmental impact levels were carried out by using topographic chart on the scale of 1:10,000 and images from the satellite SPOT, Channel 4, resolution at 10 m, from August 2001. During both stages, some field visits were carried out, where it was used a GPS (global positioning system) equipment and through a GIS (geographic information system) maps and images were overlaid. The second stage, concerning the rural settlement, was performed in more detail than the first stage. The rural settlement of Barra de Gramame is a representative area of the municipality of Conde, whose results obtained from the second stage contribute to a better knowledge on environmental degradation processes in the whole municipality and also in similar areas on the Brazilian northeastern littoral / Neste trabalho realizou-se um estudo dos impactos ambientais causados pelas atividades agrícolas e identificação das áreas potencialmente degradadas ou degradadas por esta atividade. As áreas selecionadas para desenvolver este estudo foram: o município do Conde localizado no litoral sul do Estado da Paraíba Brasil, entre as coordenadas geográficas de 07° 15 3 de latitude sul e 34° 54 27 de longitude oeste, ocupando uma área de 16.477,3 ha.; e o assentamento rural de Barra de Gramame, localizado no norte daquele município, cujas coordenadas são 7o14 06 e 7o15 32 de Latitude Sul e 34o48 37 e 34o51 11 de Longitude Oeste, ocupando uma área de 772,17ha. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em duas etapas: primeiramente mapearam-se as áreas do município mais susceptíveis à degradação e as que estão sendo indevidamente exploradas, nesta etapa foram utilizadas cartas topográficas na escala de 1:100.000, mapas e imagens de satélite LANDSAT TM-7 cena 214/065, Bandas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, e 7, resolução 30 metros de agosto de 2001; na segunda etapa fez-se o estudo do impacto das práticas agrícolas no assentamento rural e o mapeamento e avaliação dos níveis de impacto ambiental, foram utilizadas cartas topográficas na escala de 1:10.000 e imagens do satélite SPOT, Banda 4, resolução de 10 metros de agosto 2001. Nas duas etapas realizaramse visitas de campo onde foi utilizado um equipamento de GPS e através de um SIG realizouse a sobreposição dos mapas e imagens. A segunda etapa, referente ao assentamento rural, foi desenvolvida em um nível de detalhamento maior do que a primeira etapa. O assentamento rural de Barra de Gramame é uma área representativa do município do Conde e por isso, os resultados obtidos da segunda etapa contribuem para o melhor conhecimento dos processos de degradação ambiental em todo o município e em áreas semelhantes do litoral do Nordeste brasileiro

O sistema de produção de café orgânico vem surgindo como uma alternativa tecnológica e economicamente rentável, que visa eliminar os impactos ambientais provocados pelo uso irracional dos recursos naturais. Muitas experiências e análises apontam a biodiversidade como precursora da estabilidade biológica encontrada nesses agroecossistemas produtivos diversificados (SAFs). No entanto, são incipientes os estudos científicos sobre o efeito da biodiversidade nos sistemas agrícolas de produção. Assim, o maior desafio da pesquisa foi identificar qual o sistema de manejo propiciava mais sinergismos biológicos, serviços ecológicos-chaves, tais como o controle biológico da principal praga do cafeeiro. E é nesse sentido que a presente pesquisa foi desenvolvida, com o objetivo de avaliar se a biodiversidade presente nos agroecossistemas está relacionada com a estabilidade ecológica, ou seja, com o equilíbrio dinâmico da população de insetos, que em determinados níveis podem causar elevados danos econômicos à cultura do café. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na região do Pontal do Paranapanema, nos sistemas agroflorestais conduzidos pelos agricultores assentados sob responsabilidade técnica do IPÊ (Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas), instituição responsável pela implantação dos SAFs, por meio do projeto intitulado \"Café com Floresta\". Tal estudo possibilitou um melhor entendimento do efeito da biodiversidade sobre agroecossistemas cafeeiros diversificados que não utilizam inputs externos (fertilizantes e agrotóxicos), além de propiciar uma análise e sistematização dos sistemas de manejo agroecológicos existentes nos assentamentos rurais, bem como a caracterização do manejo e das práticas agroflorestais realizadas pelos agricultores familiares, que envolvem aspectos socioeconômicos da produção. Dessa maneira, a pesquisa tem grande relevância científica, visto que, possibilitou averiguar que os arranjos agroflorestais estudados na região possibilitaram uma menor incidência da principal praga do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica), o bicho-mineiro (Leucoptera coffeella), mostrando que os SAFS são uma alternativa ecológica e social apropriada à agricultura familiar, uma vez que confere maior resiliência aos agroecossistemas. / The system of production of organic coffee is emerging as an alternative technology and affordable, which aims to eliminate the environmental impacts caused by irrational use of natural resources. Many experiments and analyzes indicate biodiversity as a precursor of biological stability found in these diverse productive agroecosystems. However, are incipient scientific about the effect of biodiversity on agricultural production systems studies. Thus, the biggest challenge of the research was to identify which system management propitiated more synergisms biological, ecological services - keys, such as biological control of major pest of coffee. And that is what this research was developed with the aim of evaluating whether the present biodiversity in agroecosystems is related to ecological stability ,ie, the dynamic balance of the insect population , which at certain levels can cause major economic damage the coffee culture. The research was conducted in the Pontal region in agroforestry systems driven by farmers settled under the technical responsibility of IPE (Institute for Ecological Research), the institution responsible for the implementation of the SAF, through the project entitled \"Coffee with Forest\". This study allowed a better understanding of the effect of biodiversity on diversified coffee agroecosystems that do not use external (fertilizers and pesticides) inputs, as well as providing an analysis and systematization of existing agroecological management systems in rural settlements, as well as the characterization and handling of agroforestry practices carried out by farmers, involving socioeconomic aspects of production. Thus, the research has scientific importance, since possible to ascertain that the studied agroforestry arrangements in the region allowed a lower incidence of major pest of coffee (Coffea arabica ) , the leaf miner (Leucoptera coffeella) , showing that the diversified coffee agroecosystems (SAF) are an appropriate ecological and social alternative to family farming, since it gives greater resilience to agroecosystems.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2016-07-18T17:28:13Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 1.pdf: 180378 bytes, checksum: ad7f5d791203434c2303c0d26ceccfc3 (MD5) Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 2.pdf: 1277161 bytes, checksum: 8d52da7f4db833077f13941531125c61 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-07-19T11:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 1.pdf: 180378 bytes, checksum: ad7f5d791203434c2303c0d26ceccfc3 (MD5) Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 2.pdf: 1277161 bytes, checksum: 8d52da7f4db833077f13941531125c61 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T11:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 1.pdf: 180378 bytes, checksum: ad7f5d791203434c2303c0d26ceccfc3 (MD5) Tese - Marisol Rivero Herrada - 2013- 2.pdf: 1277161 bytes, checksum: 8d52da7f4db833077f13941531125c61 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The study was on the effect of agroecosystems in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L). The objective was to evaluate phytotechnical aspects and soil quality in agroecosystems using legumes in monoculture and intercropped with millet system and conventional tillage in the common bean. The legumes studied were beans pork (Canavalia ensiformes), Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea), Mucuna (Stizolobium dierrigianum) , Guandu (Cajanus cajan) in monoculture and intercropped with millet (Penicetum glaucum) under conventional and no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design. Dry biomass, nutrient content, nutrient accumulation of plants for roofs, growth (height and stem diameter) of plants, yield of common bean and the physical , chemical and biological soil properties were evaluated . It was found that all legumes in monoculture and intercropped with millet provide high accumulation of nutrients in the biomass, contributing to the improvement of soil fertility and crop productivity in the common bean agroecosystem , the production of dry biomass cover crops were exceeding 9.000 Mg ha-1 , stood out the pigeon pea and bean Mucuna with the largest production fitomasssa and levels of N, P , Ca , Mg and Zn. The cropping system -tillage and legume consortium with millet allow better growth of the common bean. The yield of common bean was high for all systems, the highlight was the bean pork with the highest yield. The soil physical properties were not affected by agroecological systems. Chemical and biological soil properties were altered with high accumulations of nutrients supplied to the ground in agroecosystems. The system was used as a cover crop showed the lowest metabolic coefficient, and the system more efficient. / Estudou-se o efeito de sistemas agroecológicos no feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris L). O objetivo foi avaliar aspectos fitotécnicos e qualidade do solo em sistemas agroecológicos utilizando leguminosas em monocultivo e consorciadas com milheto em sistema convencional e plantio direto no feijoeiro comum. As leguminosas estudadas foram: feijão de porco (Canavalia ensiformes), crotalária (Crotalaria juncea), mucuna rajada (Stizolobium dierrigianum), guandu (Cajanus cajan) em monocultivo e consorciadas com milheto (Penicetum glaucum), em sistema convencional e plantio direto. O experimento foi conduzido com delineamento de blocos ao acaso. Foram avaliadas a fitomassa seca, teor de nutrientes, acúmulo de nutrientes das plantas de cobertura, crescimento (altura e diâmetro do caule) das plantas, rendimento do feijoeiro comum e os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo. Verificou-se que todas as leguminosas em monocultivo e consorciadas com milheto forneceram elevados acúmulos de nutrientes na fitomassa, contribuindo para a melhoria da fertilidade do solo e produtividade da cultura do feijoeiro comum no sistema agroecológico. A produção de fitomassa seca das plantas de cobertura foram superiores a 9,000 Mg ha-1, destacou-se o feijão guandu e a mucuna com as maiores produções de fitomasssa e teores de N, P, Ca, Mg e Zn. O sistema de cultivo semeadura direta e o consórcio das leguminosas com milheto possibilitaram melhor crescimento do feijoeiro comum. O rendimento do feijoeiro comum foi alto para todos os sistemas, destacou-se o feijão de porco com o maior rendimento. Os atributos físicos do solo não foram alterados pelos sistemas agroecológicos. Os atributos químicos e biológicos do solo foram alterados com elevados acúmulos de nutrientes fornecidos ao solo nos sistemas agroecológicos. O sistema onde foi utilizado o feijão de porco como planta de cobertura mostrou o menor coeficiente metabólico, sendo mais eficiente este sistema.

Tomando como base o instrumental analítico desenvolvido na Geografia, particularmente na Geografia Humana, esta dissertação apresenta uma análise de algumas feiras agroecológicas organizadas por camponeses de assentamentos e comunidades rurais localizadas na Paraíba. A investigação de aspectos relativos ao processo de formação das feiras agroecológicas analisadas, bem como de elementos específicos da organização, produção e comercialização, levou-nos a considerá-las enquanto uma estratégia configurada pelos camponeses e assessores técnicos com o propósito de viabilizar a superação de adversidades no processo produtivo e de circulação da produção agrícola. Desta maneira, como decorrência da própria investigação empreendida, as feiras agroecológicas foram equacionadas como produto de um esforço dos camponeses paraibanos dirigido à superação de mecanismos de subordinação ao capital comercial e industrial no campo. Ao constituírem-se como formas de insubordinação camponesa, as feiras agroecológicas estudadas contribuíram, em grande medida, para viabilizar um maior controle dessa parcela do campesinato sobre o trabalho familiar e seus frutos, materializando assim frações territoriais dotadas de importantes especificidades. / Taking as base the analytical instrumental developed in the Geography, particularly in the Human Geography, this work presents an analysis of some agro-ecological fairs organized by peasants of settlements and rural communities located in Paraiba. The investigation of relative aspects to the process of formation of the agro-ecological fairs analysed, as well as of specific elements of the organization, production and marketing, made us consider them as a strategy shaped by the peasants and technical advisers with the purpose of making feasible the overcoming of adversities in the productive process and, also, of circulation of the agricultural production. In this way, as a consequence of the undertaken investigation, the agro-ecological fairs were equated as a result of an effort of the peasants from Paraíba guided to the overcoming of mechanisms of subordination to the commercial and industrial capital in the countryside. Constituted as ways of peasants insubordination, the agro-ecological fairs studied contributed, in great measure, to make feasible a major control of this portion of the peasantry on the familiar work and its products, materializing, in this manner, territorial fractions composed by important specificities.

La transition agroécologique est annoncée par les pouvoirs publics comme le tournant majeur à venir de l’agriculture. Dans le même temps, les consommateurs et la société civile se montrent plus soucieux de l’alimentation et des questions agricoles. La dimension environnementale de la production agricole semble prendre une importance de plus en plus forte. L’agriculture francilienne doit alors composer avec ces nouvelles injonctions agricoles dans un contexte de grandes cultures implantées sur un territoire aux multiples enjeux (alimentaires, écologiques, économiques et d’aménagements). Quelle(s) forme(s) prend la transition agroécologique, quel(s) impact(s) a-t-elle sur les agriculteurs franciliens et la composition des exploitations, en quoi ces changements agricoles peuvent-ils amener à de nouvelles compositions territoriales : voici quelques-unes des questions qui animent et articulent ce travail doctoral. / Public authorities announced the agroecological transition as a major turning point to come for agriculture. At the same time, consumers and civil society are more and more aware of food and agricultural issues. The environmental dimension of the agricultural production seems to strongly gain in importance. The agriculture of the Île-de-France region is dealing with these new injunctions in a context of well-established field crops on a territory facing high stakes (regarding food, the environment, the economy and land planning). What form does this agroecological transition take, what impacts will this transition have for the farmers of Île-de-France and how do these changes lead to new territorial configurations: here are some of the issues that drive this doctoral research.

MSCAGR (Animal Science) / Department of Animal Science

MENVSC / Department of Geography and Geo-Information Science / See the atttached abstract below