No description available.

Satisfaction of basic needs is among the priority objectives of the Bangladesh government, a priority reflected in the forestry sector. Elaborate programmes have been chalked out in both public and private sectors. This study attempts to assess performance of a public sector social forestry project in Bangladesh in terms of basic needs fulfilment of participating rural farmers. `Thana Afforestation and Nursery Development Project' is a major social forestry project in Bangladesh, covering the whole country except the Sundarbans mangrove forest and the hill forests in the east. The project has several components, major among which are agroforestry (AF) and woodlot (WL) schemes. The project started in revised form in 1991-92. This research attempts to study the consumption pattern of basic needs goods (food and non-food) of participants and the project's contribution to satisfying basic needs. Rajshahi Division comprises north west Bangladesh and supports a large area of social forestry plantations. A stratified multi-stage random design was adopted for sampling participants. Stratification was based on agro-ecological zones (AEZs), while the stages consisted of districts, villages and participants. The sample consisted of 180 participants (90 each from AF and WL) from 32 villages distributed in five districts and in five agro-ecological zones. A household questionnaire survey was administered to participants to apprehend various aspects like socio-economic profile, basic consumption needs, involvement in the project, benefits derived, and knowledge, awareness, attitude and opinions. Tree growth measures of participants' plots were also recorded to estimate expected final return, since no plot has been harvested, despite reaching the rotation age in 1998. Data analyses on socio-economic aspects of participants reveal that most males and females occur in the most economically active age class. 54% are literate with 24% having primary education. Agriculture is the main occupation (54%), while 32% have other occupations like tradespersons and professionals. Seasonal employment is dominant (57%) depending upon the nature of agriculture. Most households (42%) reported monthly income in the range Tk. 1000-2000. AF plots are mostly in the range 0.2-0.4 ha while WL plots are larger (0.4-1.0 ha). Although the project is designed for landless farmers, in reality only 17% of farmers were genuinely landless, the remainder having their own land in the range 0.02-0.11 ha. Own land of AF and WL farmers is highly unequally distributed with Gini concentration ratio (GCR) of 0.60 and 0.61 respectively. 75% of participants have cattle (2 or more head). Food consumption of participants has been studied to some depth, food being the most important basic needs item. Participants consume 1010 gms of food per head per day, rice and vegetables constituting 55% and 22% of average daily food basket. Energy and protein consumption are relatively high in the national context (2427 Kcal and 72.38 gms per head per day). They derive higher food value from all major food items except fish and fruits, which are dearer and less available items in Rajshahi (also explained by income elasticity and regression analysis results). Poverty analysis tells quite an encouraging story: poverty head count ratio (HCR) of 21.4, compared with national HCR of 47.5. AF farmers are less poor (HCR 20.76) than WL farmers (HCR 22.05). Depth of poverty is higher for WL farmers, while severity of poverty is higher for AF farmers. Income inequality of participants is less than both national and rural distributions (GCR of 0.35, compared to 0.43 and 0.38 respectively). WL farmers suffer less income inequality. Incidence of poverty is lowest in TMF zone and highest in LBT zone, although income inequality is lowest in the latter zone. Both schemes are profitable in all AEZs, with the WL scheme promising greater returns per ha and HBT zone showing the highest NPV value. Mean financial IRRs are high: 57% for AF and 48% for WL. Conversely, financial BCRs are higher for WL plots (5.32) than for AF plots (3.32). Altogether, WL plots generate higher financial revenues than AF plots over the project life (8 years). Sensitivity analyses show that both schemes are financially robust under differing site and cost conditions. Per capita per day basic needs income needed to satisfy the minimum caloric requirement, derived from both food and non-food items, has been estimated as Tk. 16.00. Basic needs outcomes of the combined analyses show that both schemes successfully fulfil the basic needs of participants and WL is more promising. LBT zone ranks first in the AF scheme, while HBT zone provides the highest per ha per year basic needs value.

To date the concept of the bioeconomy - an economy based primarily on biogenic instead of fossil resources - has largely been associated with visions of "green growth" and the advancement of biotechnology and has been framed from within an industrial perspective. However, there is no consensus as to what a bioeconomy should effectively look like, and what type of society it would sustain. In this paper, we identify different types of narratives constructed around this concept and carve out the techno-political implications they convey. We map these narratives on a two-dimensional option space, which allows for a rough classification of narratives and their related imaginaries into four paradigmatic quadrants. We draw the narratives from three different sources: (i) policy documents of national and supra-national authorities; (ii) stakeholder interviews; and (iii) scenarios built in a biophysical modelling exercise. Our analysis shows that there is a considerable gap between official policy papers and visions supported by stakeholders. At least in the case of Austria there is also a gap between the official strategies and the option space identified through biophysical modelling. These gaps testify to the highly political nature of the concept of the bioeconomy and the diverging visions of society arising from it.

Submitted by Socorro Pontes (socorrop@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-03-09T15:24:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizKGS_DISSERT.pdf: 721873 bytes, checksum: 2d3282574ae4e81147c9d077f6efb0ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T15:24:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BeatrizKGS_DISSERT.pdf: 721873 bytes, checksum: 2d3282574ae4e81147c9d077f6efb0ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Caatinga occupies about 11% of the national territory, covering the states of Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraiba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí and Minas Gerais. Native pastures have great importance for the world's livestock, particularly for the production of small ruminants in the Northeast. This work aimed to characterize the vegetation of Caatinga under agroecologica management, the same being discussed in theoretical and scientific paper for publication. The theoretical framework is reported descriptions of the Brazilian semiarid region in which highlights the vegetation characteristics of the Caatinga with forage potential and discusses its use in periods of drought and rain over the years. Also reports agroecologica features that help comes a better handling of the animals that feed on forage species in the Caatinga, addressing floristic structuring and phytosociological characterization for sustainable management, even in periods of drought. The paper depicts the study of the availability of dry matter, floristic composition and frequency, and the similarity of species of plant areas of Caatinga under agroecologica management. In this study, it raised the availability of dry matter, which showed variations in the periods influenced by the function of vegetation resilience of rain the previous cycle, with maximum peaks of dry matter, 1.005 kg DM / 0,25m² and 1.042 kg MS / 0,25m² respectively in October and April. In that experiment it was observed that the most frequent species were Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Poaceae. To evaluate the similarity of species with the highest similarity were suaveolens Mesosphaeru (lavender), Tribulus terrestris L. (bull's head), Borreria verticillata (old head), Mimosa hostilis Benth (Jurema), Sida sp (mauve) and Aristida adscensionis L. (cocksfoot grass) / A caatinga ocupa cerca de 11% do território nacional, abrangendo os Estados da Bahia, Sergipe, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará, Piauí e Minas Gerais. As pastagens nativas têm grande importância para a pecuária mundial, em especial para a produção de pequenos ruminantes do Nordeste. Esta dissertação objetivou caracterizar a vegetação da Caatinga sob manejo agroecológico, sendo o mesmo discutido em referencial teórico e um artigo cientifico para publicação. No referencial teórico é relatado descrições sobre a região semiárida brasileira no qual evidencia as características da vegetação da Caatinga com potencial forrageiro e aborda sua utilização nos períodos de seca e de chuva no decorrer dos anos. Relata ainda as características agroecológicas que vem auxiliar um melhor manejo dos animais que se alimentam de espécies forrageiras na Caatinga, abordando estruturações florísticas e fitossociológicas para caracterização de um manejo sustentável, mesmo em períodos de estiagem. O artigo científico retrata o estudo da disponibilidade de matéria seca, composição florística e frequência, e a similaridade de espécies de áreas vegetais da Caatinga sob manejo agroecológico. Nesse estudo, foi levantada a disponibilidade de matéria seca, que apresentou variações nos períodos por influência da resiliência da vegetação em função das chuvas do ciclo anterior, tendo picos de máximo de matéria seca, de 1,005 kg MS/0,25m² e de 1,042 kg MS/0,25m² respectivamente nos meses de outubro e abril. No referido experimento observou-se que as espécies mais frequentes foram as Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae e Poaceae. Para avaliação de similaridade as espécies que apresentaram maior similaridade foram as Mesosphaeru suaveolens (alfazema), Tribulus terrestris L.(cabeça de touro), Borreria verticillata (cabeça de velho), Mimosa hostilis Benth (jurema-preta), Sida sp (malva) e Aristida adscensionis L. (capim panasco) / 2017-03-09

No description available.

On a assisté, au cours des dernières décennies, à une intensification des impacts environnementaux générés par le modèle de production agricole conventionnel (dégradation des sols, contamination des ressources hydriques, réduction de la biodiversité). Celle-ci, associée à une concentration des terres et des revenus - entraînant à leur tour une exclusion des travailleurs ruraux et de la violence dans la campagne - a été propice à l’émergence de propositions pour un développement rural qui inclut l’adoption de pratiques agricoles durables. Dans une approche agro-écologique, l’implantation de nouvelles pratiques agricoles est insérée dans un processus graduel et multilinéaire de changement, dénommé transition agro-écologique, qui vise le passage d’un modèle agricole basé sur l’utilisation d’intrants chimiques à des formes de production plus durables. C’est dans la communauté de São Francisco da Costa da Terra Nova, que la recherche s’est effectuée. A partir de modèles de production existants, cette transition agro-écologique a déclenché une série d’innovations techniques et organisationnelles qui ont conduit à la fois à des changements dans le processus productif, dans les formes d’organisation du travail, et dans l’inclusion d’une nouvelle activité de travail : la commercialisation des produits agro-écologiques. En plus de recadrer les pratiques productives et les formes d’organisation du travail, la transition agro-écologique conduit à des nouvelles perspectives de performance pour les agriculteurs, par exemple constitution d’un nouveau marché, des foires agro-écologiques. Ainsi, nous pensons que les changements résultant du processus de transition agro-écologique peuvent contribuer au développement, à l’amélioration et à la diffusion de procédés innovants qui visent à améliorer les conditions de travail des agriculteurs familiaux, en vue de valoriser et d’élargir les perspectives de travail dans le contexte d’une agriculture durable. / During the last decades, there has been an intensification of environmental impacts generated by the conventional agricultural production model (degradation, contamination of water resources, reduction of biodiversity). Coupled with a concentration of land and income -producing exclusion of rural workers and violence in campagne- this intensification has been lead to the emergence of proposals for rural development which includes the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices. In this agroecological approach, the implementation of new agricultural practices is inserted into a gradual process and multilinear change, called agro-ecological transition, which is the transition from an agricultural model based on the use of chemical inputs to forms more sustainable production. The research was conducted in the community of São Francisco da Costa da Terra Nova. From existing production models, this agro-ecological transition has triggered a series of technical and organizational innovations, that have led both to changes in the production process, in the forms of work organization, and in the inclusion of a new work activity: the marketing of agro-ecological products. In addition to crop production practices and forms of work organization, agro-ecological transition leads to new performance prospects for farmers, for example formation of a new market, the agro-ecological fairs. The research shows that changes resulting from agro-ecological transition process may contribute to the development, enhancement and dissemination of innovative processes that improve the working conditions of farmers, and that adds value and expand the work opportunities in the context of sustainable agriculture. / Nas últimas décadas, a intensificação dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo modelo de produção agrícola convencional (degradação dos solos, contaminação dos recursos hídricos, redução da biodiversidade); associado à concentração fundiária e de renda e, consequentemente, à exclusão de trabalhadores rurais e à violência no campo; propiciou o surgimento de propostas de desenvolvimento rural que incluíam a adoção de práticas agrícolas sustentáveis, a fim de fomentar alternativas viáveis à produção de alimentos e ao fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Na abordagem agroecológica, a implementação de novas práticas agrícolas está inserida em um processo gradual e multilinear de mudança, denominado transição agroecológica, que visa a passagem de um modelo agrícola baseado no uso de insumos químicos à formas de produção mais sustentáveis. Na comunidade São Francisco da Costa da Terra Nova, lócus da pesquisa, observou-se, a partir dos modelos de produção existentes, que essa transição desencadeou uma série de inovações técnicas e organizacionais que resultaram em mudanças no processo produtivo, nas formas de organização do trabalho e na inclusão de uma nova atividade: a comercialização dos produtos agroecológicos. Além de ressignificar as práticas produtivas e as formas de organização do trabalho, a transição agroecológica conduziu à possibilidades inéditas de atuação dos agricultores, através dos novos espaços de comercialização, as feiras agroecológicas. Acredita-se que as mudanças decorrentes do processo de transição agroecológica possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento, aprimoramento e difusão de processos inovadores que visam a melhoria das condições de trabalho dos agricultores familiares, com vistas a valorizar e ampliar as perspectivas do trabalho no contexto da agricultura sustentável.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana_Paula_Stasiak.pdf: 6576934 bytes, checksum: 2a7f5dfaa2eccfd9cce5a56afda8f804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-08 / The agro-ecological farming has got started by social movements in favor to the rural sustainable development based on environmental, social and economic. Agroecologyis presented as an alternative to modernization of agriculture that repair environmental damage and social damage caused by the green revolution technology disseminated and adopted by the Brazilian government as a development policy based on the economic growth. This paper aims to analyze the agro-ecology alternatively forward the modernization process of the agriculture and the different territorialities provided by the two forms of production, as well as identify the limits and difficulties of territorial agro-ecological practices in Coronel Vivida, held bibliographic review the topic addressed and fieldwork, using a questionnaire addressed to eleven farmers who have comprised three distinct groups related to agro-ecology in the town: Farmers Convention with SAFs; 2) Agro-ecological Farmers; 3) Farmers Convention-Former Agro-ecological Farmers. And interviews with representatives of institutions related to agriculture and agroecology family whose work is in the town. The study of these three groups with different production and commercial organizations had allowed us to observe the process of territorialization and deterritorialization of simultaneous agro-ecological practices, the latter prevails. Another methodology used to characterize the properties sustainable, based on agro-ecological principles, as well as differentiate the analysis was made landscapes through sketches and photographs of the properties studied. This paper outlines the main difficulties faced by the town farmers relationed to agro-ecological production, as well as the main factors which have influenced the abandonment of agro-ecological practices by the Coronel Vivida agro-ecological farmers. / A agricultura agroecológica surge de movimentos sociais em favor de um desenvolvimento rural sustentável, baseado nas condições ambientais, sociais e econômicas. A Agroecologia é apresentada como alternativa a modernização da agricultura visando reparar os danos ambientais e prejuízos sociais causados pela tecnologia disseminada pela revolução verde e adotada pelo Estado brasileiro como política desenvolvimentista baseada no crescimento econômico. Com o objetivo de analisar a Agroecologia como alternativa frente ao processo de modernização da agricultura e as diferentes territorialidades proporcionadas pelas duas formas de produção, assim como, identificar os limites e dificuldades de territorialização das práticas agroecológicas em Coronel Vivida, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema abordado e trabalho de campo, com aplicação de questionário dirigido à onze agricultores familiares que compõem três grupos distintos relacionados com a Agroecologia no município: 1) Agricultores Convencionais com SAFs; 2)Agricultores Agroecológicos; 3)Agricultores Convencionais Ex-Agricultores Agroecológicos. E entrevistas com representantes de instituições ligadas a agricultura familiar e a Agroecologia que atuam no município. O estudo desses três grupos que apresentaram organizações produtivas e comerciais diferentes nos permitiu constatar o processo de territorialização e desterritorialização simultâneas das práticas agroecológicas, prevalecendo esse último. Outra metodologia utilizada para caracterizar os estabelecimentos sustentáveis, baseados nos princípios agroecológicos, assim como, diferenciar as paisagens constituídas foi à análise através de croquis e fotografias dos estabelecimentos em estudo. O presente texto aponta as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos agricultores do município em relação à produção agroecológica, assim como, os principais fatores que influenciaram no abandono de práticas agroecológicas por parte dos ex-agricultores agroecológicos de Coronel Vivida.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana_Paula_Stasiak.pdf: 6576934 bytes, checksum: 2a7f5dfaa2eccfd9cce5a56afda8f804 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-08 / The agro-ecological farming has got started by social movements in favor to the rural sustainable development based on environmental, social and economic. Agroecologyis presented as an alternative to modernization of agriculture that repair environmental damage and social damage caused by the green revolution technology disseminated and adopted by the Brazilian government as a development policy based on the economic growth. This paper aims to analyze the agro-ecology alternatively forward the modernization process of the agriculture and the different territorialities provided by the two forms of production, as well as identify the limits and difficulties of territorial agro-ecological practices in Coronel Vivida, held bibliographic review the topic addressed and fieldwork, using a questionnaire addressed to eleven farmers who have comprised three distinct groups related to agro-ecology in the town: Farmers Convention with SAFs; 2) Agro-ecological Farmers; 3) Farmers Convention-Former Agro-ecological Farmers. And interviews with representatives of institutions related to agriculture and agroecology family whose work is in the town. The study of these three groups with different production and commercial organizations had allowed us to observe the process of territorialization and deterritorialization of simultaneous agro-ecological practices, the latter prevails. Another methodology used to characterize the properties sustainable, based on agro-ecological principles, as well as differentiate the analysis was made landscapes through sketches and photographs of the properties studied. This paper outlines the main difficulties faced by the town farmers relationed to agro-ecological production, as well as the main factors which have influenced the abandonment of agro-ecological practices by the Coronel Vivida agro-ecological farmers. / A agricultura agroecológica surge de movimentos sociais em favor de um desenvolvimento rural sustentável, baseado nas condições ambientais, sociais e econômicas. A Agroecologia é apresentada como alternativa a modernização da agricultura visando reparar os danos ambientais e prejuízos sociais causados pela tecnologia disseminada pela revolução verde e adotada pelo Estado brasileiro como política desenvolvimentista baseada no crescimento econômico. Com o objetivo de analisar a Agroecologia como alternativa frente ao processo de modernização da agricultura e as diferentes territorialidades proporcionadas pelas duas formas de produção, assim como, identificar os limites e dificuldades de territorialização das práticas agroecológicas em Coronel Vivida, realizou-se revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema abordado e trabalho de campo, com aplicação de questionário dirigido à onze agricultores familiares que compõem três grupos distintos relacionados com a Agroecologia no município: 1) Agricultores Convencionais com SAFs; 2)Agricultores Agroecológicos; 3)Agricultores Convencionais Ex-Agricultores Agroecológicos. E entrevistas com representantes de instituições ligadas a agricultura familiar e a Agroecologia que atuam no município. O estudo desses três grupos que apresentaram organizações produtivas e comerciais diferentes nos permitiu constatar o processo de territorialização e desterritorialização simultâneas das práticas agroecológicas, prevalecendo esse último. Outra metodologia utilizada para caracterizar os estabelecimentos sustentáveis, baseados nos princípios agroecológicos, assim como, diferenciar as paisagens constituídas foi à análise através de croquis e fotografias dos estabelecimentos em estudo. O presente texto aponta as principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos agricultores do município em relação à produção agroecológica, assim como, os principais fatores que influenciaram no abandono de práticas agroecológicas por parte dos ex-agricultores agroecológicos de Coronel Vivida.

In just over a decade, soybean production in Uruguay emerged from almost non-existence to second most important export product. The extraordinary rapid soybean expansion is often referred to as representing changes that go far beyond the mere substitution of one agrarian activity for another, but evolved into a broad societal concern. Accordingly, the soybean expansion has not only been debated in national media, but among NGO’s, firms, scholars, farmers, political parties as well as within broad sectors of the state apparatus. Although the views expressed are allegedly about the soybean expansion, they are found to reflect much deeper values and assumptions about what is good, appropriate and desirable. All this ultimately represents discordant alternative visions and paths of development. This dissertation outlines and analyzes the dynamics of different, complementary and competing views on the soybean expansion in Uruguay between 2002 and 2013. These have in turn been related to wider debates about “development” of longer historical roots within the social sciences. Rather than exclusively relying on the mediatized accounts expressed in the public debate, often posed in a rather superficial and antagonistic way in accordance to some media logic, this study has made intensive use of in-depth interviews. This has allowed for deeper, more complex and nuanced accounts, as well as made possible to include voices that were only indirectly “represented” in the public debate. The main agreements and disagreements expressed in relation to the soybean expansion have been outlined, described, situated and explored. While constant contingency and unfixity are acknowledged, three main broader competing world-views, or discourses, have also been identified. These are discerned through the analysis of patterns of regularities in the articulations about the soybean expansion. The first is labelled “agro-ecology discourse”, reflecting anti-capitalist notions and centered in values of local autonomy and justice. The other is labelled “pro-market discourse”, reflecting market faith and centered in values of growth, dynamism and meritocracy. The third is labelled “pro-public regulation discourse”, reflecting beliefs in development intervention and centered in values of progress and upgrading. / FORMAS - 2006-2246 "The soybean chain in contemporary agro-food globalization: challenges for a sustainable agro-food system"

Este artículo examina la relación entre los conocimientos y la preservaciónde la agrobiodiversidad de agricultores ecológicos del oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Los derechos de propiedad intelectual han tenido efectos directos sobre la producción de semillas. Entre patentes y otras formas de controles, agricultores familiares y actores conexos no aceptan tratar la vida como un «recurso». Este trabajo tiene un doble objetivo: primero, analizar el panorama internacional de la propiedad intelectual sobre la biodiversidad y la producción de conocimientos, y segundo, examinar las acciones de agricultores vinculados con Ecovida —red de agroecología compuesta por agricultores, consumidores y mediadores sociales en el sur del Brasil— para inventar formas alternativas de gestión de los saberes y de semillas «libres». El resultado es una acción paralela de crítica al estrechamiento de la base genética y un esfuerzo por la multiplicación de semillas y saberes por medio de redes y centros de agrobiodiversidad. / The article approaches knowledges and biodiversity maintenance among ecological farmers in the west of Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The intellectual property rights have had direct effects onseed production. Between patents and other systems of control, family farmers deny treating life as a «resource». This paper has adouble aim: firstly, to analyze the intellectual property international panorama over biodiversity and knowledge; secondly, to examine practices of organic smallholders engaged to Rede Ecovida de Agroecologia (an organic farming network born in the southern Brazil) related to alternative forms of knowledge management and production of patent-free seeds. The result is the action which parallels the critique of the decrease on the availability of crop varieties and the effort to multiply seeds and knowledges throughout networks and agro-biodiversity centres.