Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T14:49:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1152474 bytes, checksum: 26700a7c34b11ab01884eb96bde9f8b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The central theme of thesis lies upon alcohol consumption amongst young people, under a social marketing perspective. The research is justified by an analysis on the consumer as an agent who generates imbalance in the exchange system, deriving from excessive alcohol consumption in youth. This indication has as immediate consequence a broadening of the marketing view either as an activity or a knowledge, thus becoming an area oriented for the system s balance. This study aimed to analyze determining factors for alcohol consumption predisposition, to measure and to hypothesize, based on the theoretical model proposed. Hence, a literature review on prospective constructs which might influence alcohol consumption oh youngsters was carried. To enable the empirical research s operationalization, 322 questionnaires were administered, with young people from 18 to 30 years old. With presential application in the city João Pessoa. Generally speaking, result show that social reference (family and friends), sociability and personal satisfaction influence on the perceived risk, social stigmatization and feeling of self-confidence was found in the study s analysis context. In the study s final part, theoretical and practical implications are presented along with limitations and recommendations for future research. / Esta dissertação tem como tema central o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas entre os jovens, tratado sob a perspectiva do marketing social. A pesquisa é justificada por analisar o consumidor, como um agente que gera desequilíbrios no sistema de troca decorrentes do consumo excessivo de álcool na juventude. Esta indicação tem como consequência imediata a ampliação da visão do marketing enquanto atividade ou conhecimento, pois passa a ser compreendida como uma área orientada para equilibrar o sistema. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os fatores condicionantes da predisposição do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, mensurar e levantar hipóteses com base em uma proposta de modelo teórico. Para isso foi desenvolvido uma revisão de literatura elencando os potenciais construtos que influenciariam os jovens a consumirem bebidas. Para viabilizar a operacionalização da pesquisa empírica, foram aplicados 322 questionários, com jovens entre 18 e 30 anos, com aplicação presencial na cidade de João Pessoa. De maneira geral, os resultados indicaram que a referência social (familiares e amigos), sociabilidade e satisfação pessoal influenciam na predisposição do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, não tendo sido observada influência de outros elementos como risco percebido, estigmatização social e sensação de autoconfiança no contexto de análise do estudo. Ao final do estudo são apresentadas as implicações teóricas e práticas, bem como as limitações e recomendações de futuras pesquisas na temática em questão.

Neste trabalho foi feito um levantamento da qualidade de cachaças comerciais. As barreiras que a cachaça enfrenta, principalmente no mercado exterior, se devem à baixa qualidade e à falta de padronização da bebida. Amostras comerciais de cachaça foram analisadas segundo os padrões de identidade e qualidade estabelecidos pela legislação vigente no Brasil (análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas). Houve uma grande variação na concentração dos componentes, exceto o grau alcoólico, indicando que a cachaça brasileira apresenta uma grande variabilidade de composição química entre as marcas. Das 94 marcas analisadas, 48% não atenderam a pelo menos um desses padrões. Outro estudo realizado foi a influência da madeira carvalho e da radiação gama no envelhecimento da cachaça. O processo de envelhecimento ou maturação da bebida proporciona uma melhora nas características sensoriais da cachaça, tornando-a de qualidade superior e de maior valor econômico. O método tradicional de maturação de bebidas é sua interação com madeiras, porém a irradiação pode acelerar este processo de envelhecimento. A cachaça e os tonéis de carvalho de 20 litros de capacidade foram submetidos à irradiação gama (150 Gy). Análises físico-químicas e cromatográficas foram realizadas periodicamente ao longo de 390 dias do período de envelhecimento da bebida. A irradiação da cachaça e do tonel não alterou a maioria dos componentes voláteis do coeficiente de congêneres como acidez volátil, ésteres, álcoois superiores e furfural durante os 390 dias. Há evidências, entretanto, que os parâmetros de alguns componentes como aldeídos, taninos, cor e teor de cobre são de alguma forma influenciados, resultando em aceleração parcial do processo de maturação ou envelhecimento. Ao final do período de envelhecimento, foi feita uma análise sensorial com 30 provadores não treinados. A aceleração do processo de envelhecimento foi confirmada pela avaliação sensorial, onde a cachaça e/ou tonel irradiados receberam maior indicação de aprovação em todos os parâmetros analisados (aroma, sabor e aparência). / It was performed in this study a survey on the quality of commercial sugar cane spirits. The problems that the cachaça faces, mainly in the international market, are due to its low quality and to the lack of standardization of the drink. Commercial samples of sugar cane spirits were analyzed according to the standards of the identity and quality established by the Brazilian law (physical-chemical and chromatographic analyses). There was a great variation in the concentration of the compounds, except in alcoholic content, indicating that the Brazilian sugar cane spirit presents a great variability in the chemical composition among the brands. Among the 94 analyzed brands, 48% did not answer at least one of the standards. Another study performed was the influence of oak wood and the gamma radiation on the sugar cane spirits aging. The aging or maturation process of the drink improves the sensorial characteristics of the product, making it a qualified drink with a higher economical value. The traditional maturation method of the drinks is their interaction with the wood, but the irradiation can accelerate this aging process up. The sugar cane spirit and the oak barrels with 20 liters capacity were subjected to gamma irradiation treatments (150 Gy). Physical-chemical and chromatographic analyses were performed constantly for 390 days during the drink aging period. The sugar cane spirit and barrel irradiation didn't change most of volatile components of the same type coefficient such as volatile acidity, esters, superior alcohols and furfural during the 390 days. There are evidences, however, that some components parameters like aldehydes, tannin, color and copper concentration are in some way influenced, resulting in partial acceleration of the aging or maturing process. At the end of the aging period, a sensorial analysis was made using 30 non-trained people who tasted the drink. The aging process acceleration was confirmed by the sensorial evaluation, where the sugar cane spirit and/or barrel irradiated received higher approval indication in respect of all parameters analyzed (scent, flavor, and appearance).

The main goal of the master's thesis is to find reasons for and assess the results of recent repositioning of the brand Frisco conducted in 2013. In the theoretical part, main brand theories are analyzed together with a recent theory of so-called "Brand Archetypes". In the practical part, based on own consumer survey, market trends, brand history and company research, a brand SWOT analyses is conducted. As a result of this analysis, further recommendations for the brand heading are proposed.

This thesis is devoted to the legal regulation of tobacco and alcohol advertising in the Czech Republic. This thesis aims to evaluate the current state of legal regulation, above all from the point of view of the degree of fulfillment of achieving the social targets which led to the passing of the current legal regulation and to eliminate ascertained deficiencies. This thesis sets out the social targets, provides an overview of the development of relevant acts since 1989 and assesses the current legal regulation as to the quality of the wording of relevant acts and also as to the derived marketing practice and the judgement-making practice of the courts and of the Arbitrary commission of Rada pro reklamu. The acquiring of data necessary for the assessment of the marketing practice was achieved through a qualitative field research. Many deficiencies in the current state of legal regulation have been revealed in the course of working on this thesis. These deficiencies are addressed in the form of new "de lege ferenda" proposals, which are the principal practical outcome of this thesis.

Alcohol dependence (AD) is a serious and common public health problem that contributes to great societal, medical, and legal costs. It has taken work from multiple disciplines, including developmental psychology, genetic epidemiology, and molecular genetics, to achieve our current understanding of environmental and genetic risk factors for AD as well as its variable developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, there is still much to be learned in order to improve treatment outcomes. One approach to augmenting our understanding of this disorder is through genetically informative study designs that either examine risk in aggregate or assess specific susceptibility variants. In this dissertation, we utilize both study designs and provide support for the idea that they are both important and useful approaches to continue to pursue.

Bartending makes for an interesting case study in that it brings together research on emotional labor and tipped front-line service jobs, as well as the contemporary increase in precarity in work and precarity in life. This project explores the material and identity processes of bartending, examining how a precarious job with high expectations of emotional labor in-turn affects the occupational and personal identities of those employed in the industry. Overall three overarching themes were identified: (1) When wages are outsourced to customers via tipping systems workers are exposed to particularly high emotional demands, rendering bartending a unique form of quid pro quo emotional labor. (2) Bartenders exist in a “default career” mode of employment that is stigmatized for being low-status low-skilled labor. (3) Performing emotional labor and managing stigma creates a divergence between bartender’s personal and occupational identities resulting in constant identity work on and off the job. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Os monoalquil carbonatos podem ser vistos como produtos da hidrólise parcial de carbonatos orgânicos. Apesar de serem estudados desde a década de 1920, a literatura apresenta poucas evidências de sua formação em meio aquoso. Recentes estudos apontaram a eletroforese capilar (CE) com detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D) como uma técnica versátil para a detecção e quantificação dessas espécies, a partir da qual foi possível evidenciar a formação de monoalquil carbonatos pela reação direta entre o bicarbonato e o álcool correspondente. A presença de monoetil carbonato (MEC) em amostras de cerveja foi demonstrada pela primeira vez no presente trabalho, bem como sua formação em drinks preparados a partir de uma bebida alcoólica destilada e um refrigerante. Um equipamento de CE com dois detectores do tipo C4D foi utilizado para a identificação e a quantificação dessa espécie, principais objetivos do presente trabalho. Uma propriedade intrínseca à detecção condutométrica - o fato de a resposta do detector estar, sob certas condições, exclusivamente relacionada às mobilidades dos compostos presentes - permitiu aquantificação do MEC apesar da impossibilidade de fazê-lo por meio de calibração externa, dada a sua instabilidade em meio aquoso. O método de quantificação, que utiliza como padrões de calibração do detector cinco soluções de espécies estáveis com mobilidades eletroforéticas próximas à do MEC, foi aplicado na determinação de tricloroacetato em solução aquosa e os resultados obtidos condizem com a concentração da espécie determinada por titulação. As concentrações de MEC encontradas em uma amostra de cerveja do tipo lager e em um drink de rum com refrigerante de cola foram 1,2 mmol.L-1 e 4,1 mmol.L-1, respectivamente. Esses valores concordam com as quantidades esperadas de MEC nessas bebidas com base em suas concentrações de álcool e bicarbonato. Apesar dos estudos prévios sugerirem a formação lenta de MEC após a mistura do bicarbonato com o etanol, o preparo dos três drinks estudados mostrou rápida formação de MEC logo após a mistura dos ingredientes. Estudos envolvendo a cinética de formação da espécie em diferentes valores de pH foram realizados, evidenciando maiores velocidades de formação em condições ácidas (pH 4) quando comparadas com condições básicas (pH 8). Pôde-se concluir que, apesar de as condições ácidas favorecerem o desprendimento de CO2 do sistema, deslocando o equilíbrio no sentido da decomposição do MEC, a formação da espécie também ocorre em sistemas ácidos. Além disso, o tempo necessário para a sua formação nesses sistemas condiz com a escala de tempo necessária para o preparo e o consumo dos drinks. Apesar de o presente trabalho ser o primeiro relato da existência de MEC em alimentos, bebidas como a cerveja são consumidas há milênios, sugerindo a baixa probabilidade de a espécie estudada ser nociva. Pouco se sabe, no entanto, a respeito do seu papel no sabor das bebidas estudadas e na absorção do álcool pelo organismo. / The monoalkyl carbonates can be treated as products of the partial hydrolysis of organic carbonates. Despite they are studied since late 1920\'s, the literature shows little evidence about their formation in aqueous media. Recent studies point the capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) as a versatile technique for the identification and determination of these species, showing their formation from the direct reaction between bicarbonate and the corresponding alcohol. The presence of monoethyl carbonate (MEC) in beer is demonstrated for the first time, as well as the formation of this species in drinks prepared with a distilled beverage and a carbonated soft drink. A CE equipment with two C4D detectors was used to identify and quantify this species in cited beverages, the main objectives of the present work. An intrinsic property of the conductometric detection made possible the determination of MEC in spite of the impossibility to quantitate it by external calibration due to its stability issues in aqueous media. The quantitation method, which uses five solutions of stable species with similar electrophoretic mobilities to the analyte, was applied in the determination of trichloroacetate in aqueous solution and the results were in agreement with the concentration obtained by titration. The concentrations of MEC in samples of lager beer and rum and cola drink were, respectively, 1.2 mmol.L-1 and 4.1 mmol.L-1, which agree with the levels of ethanol and bicarbonate available in these products. Although the previous studies suggests the formation of a small amount of MEC right after the mixing of bicarbonate with ethanol - that grows over time - the three studied cases showed a fast formation of MEC after the mixing of the ingredients of the drinks. Studies about the formation kinetics in two different pH values were made showing higher formation rates for acidic media when compared with alkaline media. One can conclude that although the acidic conditions favor the loss of CO2, shifting the equilibrium toward the decomposition of MEC, the species formation also occurs in acidic media. Besides, the required time for its formation in these systems matches the time scale needed for the preparation and the consumption of the drink. Although the present study is the first report of MEC existence in food, beverages like beer have been consumed for a long time, suggesting the low probability of its harmful potential. There are, however, little knowledge about its role in flavoring and alcohol absorption in the body.

The compatibility of on-site consumption alcohol outlets as land use is predicted by the acceptance level of the utility or disutility they enjoy amongst residents in a neighbourhood. The density of alcohol outlets is argued in literature as correlating to the significant positive rate of amenity effects that include property crime, alcohol related arrests, drunk-driving, fatal and severe alcohol-induced accidents, violence and assault amongst many others. The problems associated with on-site consumption alcohol outlets have been insistently brought to the attention of the Umjindi Local Municipality in the Ehlanzeni District area in Mpumalanga Province by the residents of the Emjindini neighbourhood. The study is based on the hypothesis that the high density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets contributes to the incompatibility of such outlets with residential areas. In addressing the research sub-questions and validating the research hypothesis, the study adopted various methods (including land use surveys, interviews, administration of questionnaires, literature review and document review) for the collection, analysis, interpretation and discussion of data. The study reveals that the higher density of alcohol consumption outlets is significant in areas of low socioeconomic status. The Emjindini Townships are located with the density of 1 on-site consumption alcohol outlet per 263 people. Liquor legislation in South Africa leaves a lot to be desired in its guidelines for alcohol outlet density, public participation, location radius and local authority involvement. In addition, our findings showed that the significantly unacceptable level of impact thereof is experienced especially in the night, in areas characterised by the high density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets. The on-site consumption alcohol outlets are seen as compatible land uses in residential areas for the reason that, the unacceptable level of impact is insignificant during the day. The adoption of preferred and practical guidelines related to the locality and density of on-site consumption alcohol outlets, compatibility performance standards and public participation are recommended for policy and practice. The amendment to the liquor law is subsequently proposed in this study. / M.U.R.D.P. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 2014.

Os monoalquil carbonatos podem ser vistos como produtos da hidrólise parcial de carbonatos orgânicos. Apesar de serem estudados desde a década de 1920, a literatura apresenta poucas evidências de sua formação em meio aquoso. Recentes estudos apontaram a eletroforese capilar (CE) com detecção condutométrica sem contato (C4D) como uma técnica versátil para a detecção e quantificação dessas espécies, a partir da qual foi possível evidenciar a formação de monoalquil carbonatos pela reação direta entre o bicarbonato e o álcool correspondente. A presença de monoetil carbonato (MEC) em amostras de cerveja foi demonstrada pela primeira vez no presente trabalho, bem como sua formação em drinks preparados a partir de uma bebida alcoólica destilada e um refrigerante. Um equipamento de CE com dois detectores do tipo C4D foi utilizado para a identificação e a quantificação dessa espécie, principais objetivos do presente trabalho. Uma propriedade intrínseca à detecção condutométrica - o fato de a resposta do detector estar, sob certas condições, exclusivamente relacionada às mobilidades dos compostos presentes - permitiu aquantificação do MEC apesar da impossibilidade de fazê-lo por meio de calibração externa, dada a sua instabilidade em meio aquoso. O método de quantificação, que utiliza como padrões de calibração do detector cinco soluções de espécies estáveis com mobilidades eletroforéticas próximas à do MEC, foi aplicado na determinação de tricloroacetato em solução aquosa e os resultados obtidos condizem com a concentração da espécie determinada por titulação. As concentrações de MEC encontradas em uma amostra de cerveja do tipo lager e em um drink de rum com refrigerante de cola foram 1,2 mmol.L-1 e 4,1 mmol.L-1, respectivamente. Esses valores concordam com as quantidades esperadas de MEC nessas bebidas com base em suas concentrações de álcool e bicarbonato. Apesar dos estudos prévios sugerirem a formação lenta de MEC após a mistura do bicarbonato com o etanol, o preparo dos três drinks estudados mostrou rápida formação de MEC logo após a mistura dos ingredientes. Estudos envolvendo a cinética de formação da espécie em diferentes valores de pH foram realizados, evidenciando maiores velocidades de formação em condições ácidas (pH 4) quando comparadas com condições básicas (pH 8). Pôde-se concluir que, apesar de as condições ácidas favorecerem o desprendimento de CO2 do sistema, deslocando o equilíbrio no sentido da decomposição do MEC, a formação da espécie também ocorre em sistemas ácidos. Além disso, o tempo necessário para a sua formação nesses sistemas condiz com a escala de tempo necessária para o preparo e o consumo dos drinks. Apesar de o presente trabalho ser o primeiro relato da existência de MEC em alimentos, bebidas como a cerveja são consumidas há milênios, sugerindo a baixa probabilidade de a espécie estudada ser nociva. Pouco se sabe, no entanto, a respeito do seu papel no sabor das bebidas estudadas e na absorção do álcool pelo organismo. / The monoalkyl carbonates can be treated as products of the partial hydrolysis of organic carbonates. Despite they are studied since late 1920\'s, the literature shows little evidence about their formation in aqueous media. Recent studies point the capillary electrophoresis (CE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) as a versatile technique for the identification and determination of these species, showing their formation from the direct reaction between bicarbonate and the corresponding alcohol. The presence of monoethyl carbonate (MEC) in beer is demonstrated for the first time, as well as the formation of this species in drinks prepared with a distilled beverage and a carbonated soft drink. A CE equipment with two C4D detectors was used to identify and quantify this species in cited beverages, the main objectives of the present work. An intrinsic property of the conductometric detection made possible the determination of MEC in spite of the impossibility to quantitate it by external calibration due to its stability issues in aqueous media. The quantitation method, which uses five solutions of stable species with similar electrophoretic mobilities to the analyte, was applied in the determination of trichloroacetate in aqueous solution and the results were in agreement with the concentration obtained by titration. The concentrations of MEC in samples of lager beer and rum and cola drink were, respectively, 1.2 mmol.L-1 and 4.1 mmol.L-1, which agree with the levels of ethanol and bicarbonate available in these products. Although the previous studies suggests the formation of a small amount of MEC right after the mixing of bicarbonate with ethanol - that grows over time - the three studied cases showed a fast formation of MEC after the mixing of the ingredients of the drinks. Studies about the formation kinetics in two different pH values were made showing higher formation rates for acidic media when compared with alkaline media. One can conclude that although the acidic conditions favor the loss of CO2, shifting the equilibrium toward the decomposition of MEC, the species formation also occurs in acidic media. Besides, the required time for its formation in these systems matches the time scale needed for the preparation and the consumption of the drink. Although the present study is the first report of MEC existence in food, beverages like beer have been consumed for a long time, suggesting the low probability of its harmful potential. There are, however, little knowledge about its role in flavoring and alcohol absorption in the body.

Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The tobacco industry of South Africa has fallen under strict legislation and control measures from the South African government since the passing of the initial Tobacco Products Control Act, 1993. Further amendments have been made to the initial act, namely Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act, 1999 and the proposed Tobacco Products Control Amendment Bill, 2004. This assignment emerges against the backdrop of the alcoholic beverage industry coming under similar scrutiny to that of the tobacco industry from government legislation and control measures The main objective of this assignment was to discover the similarities, if any, between the tobacco industry and the alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa, specifically with regard to their advertising practices before legislation. The purpose of this assignment is to discover whether or not the alcoholic beverage industry can learn from the example of the tobacco industry in order to maintain its self-regulation, rather than to fall under the control of State regulation and legislation. The literature and empirical study sought to achieve the following four objectives: 1.) To gain a thorough understanding of the tobacco legislation on a global scale; 2.) To analyse the control measures and legislation of tobacco in a South African context; 3.) To identify any similarities between the tobacco industry and alcoholic beverage industry of South Africa and 4.) To identify means in which the alcoholic beverage industry can work with the State in order to maintain the self-regulation of its industry. Findings indicate that similarities arise when comparing tobacco and alcohol, as both of them have addictive qualities, are often used from a very young age and both have laws prohibiting sale to minors. The success gained in South Africa with regard to anti-tobacco initiatives and government legislation since the introduction of the first Tobacco Act in 1993, has led to certain members of society feeling that similar, if not the same, strict strategies and / or legislative measures should be used to address the public health problems relating to alcohol. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse tabaknywerheid val onder streng wetgewing en beheermaatreëls deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering sedert die aanvanklike Wet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1993 aanvaar is. Verdere wysigings op die aanvanklike wet is aanvaar, naamlik die Wysigingswet op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 1999 en die voorgestelde Wysigingswetsontwerp op die Beheer van Tabakprodukte, 2004. Hierdie werk spruit voort teen die agtergrond van die alkoholdranknywerheid wat onder 'n soortgelyke soeklig geplaas is as die tabaknywerheid by wyse van regeringswetgewing en beheermaatreëls. Die hoofoogmerk van hierdie werk was om die ooreenkomste, indien enige, vas te stel tussen die tabaknywerheid en die alkoholdranknywerheid van Suid-Afrika, spesifiek met betrekking tot hul adverteringspraktyke vóór wetgewing. Die doel van hierdie werk was om vas te stel of die alkoholdranknywerheid uit die voorbeeld van die tabaknywerheid kan leer aldan nie, met die oog op die voortsetting van sy selfbeheer, eerder as om onder die beheer van Staatsregulering en wetgewing te val. Die bronmateriaal en empiriese studie was daarop toegespits om die volgende vier doelwitte te bereik: 1.) Om 'n behoorlike begrip te verkry van tabakwetgewing op 'n globale skaal; 2.) Om die beheermaatreëls en wetgewing oor tabak in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te analiseer; 3.) Om enige ooreenkomste tussen die tabak- en die alkoholdranknywerheid in Suid-Afrika te identifiseer en 4.) Om wyses te identifiseer waardeur die alkoholdranknywerheid met die Staat kan saamwerk om die selfbeheer van die nywerheid te behou. Bevindinge dui aan dat ooreenkomste wel ontstaan wanneer tabak en alkohol met mekaar vergelyk word, veral omdat albei verslawende eienskappe bevat, dikwels deur persone vanaf 'n baie jong ouderdom gebruik word en dat wetgewing albei verbied om aan minderjariges verkoop te word. Die sukses wat in Suid-Afrika rakende anti-tabakinisiatiewe en wetgewing behaal is sedert die inwerkingstelling van die eerste Wet op die Beheer van Tabak in 1993 het daartoe gelei dat sekere lede van die gemeenskap van mening is dat soortgelyke, indien nie dieselfde nie, streng strategieë en/of wetgewende maatreëls aangewend behoort te word om die openbare gesondheidsprobleme rakende alkohol aan te spreek.