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Le présent travail est consacré aux récits de la vie d'Alexandre incorporés aux trois histoires universelles que sont la Chronique dite de Baudoin d'Avesnes, composée par un écrivain anonyme entre 1278 et 1281, et deux versions de la Fleur des histoires, écrites par le même auteur, Jean Mansel, fonctionnaire à la cour de Bourgogne, respectivement dans les années 1140 et 1460. Le choix de ces trois textes s'explique par leur origine géographique commune, par les relations qu'ils entretiennent entre eux, par leurs modalités de diffusion et de réception similaires. Provenant du Nord de la France, très lus par les lecteurs nobles de la fin du moyen Age, ils constituent un corpus unifié inédit et restent un champ presque vierge pour la recherche. Les trois oeuvres accordent une place majeure à la vie d'Alexandre le Grand et à l'historie de son empire, en exploitant des sources différentes, des chroniques universelles de l'Antiquité tardive, comme celle d'Orose, aux textes d'inspiration courtoise comme les Voeux du paon de Jacques de Longuyon. La thèse comprend une étude de la tradition manuscrite des trois textes, une recherche sur leurs auteurs, leurs mécènes et leurs lecteurs, une analyse des stratégies de réécriture élaborées pour recomposer le portrait d'Alexandre et intégrer sa vie dans le continuum d'une histoire universelle ainsi qu'une étude des fonctions que les auteurs lui accordent dans l'histoire de l'humanité. Elle édite en annexe les prologues des chroniques et les trois récits de la vie d'Alexandre. / The present study examines the life of Alexander the Great as it is told in three universal chronicles, the Chronique dite de Baudoin d'Avesnes, written by an anonymous historian between 1278 and 1281, and two versions of the Fleur des histoires, composed in 1440s and in 1460s, respectively, by Jean mansel, a functionary at the Burgundian court. The three texts have a common geographical provenance and were read by the same readers ; furthermore, Mansel borrowed extensively from his predecessor to create the two versions of his chronicle. Despite evidence, of their wide readership in the Middle Ages, these texts remain largely unknown to modern researchers. The shared genre model, geographical and intellectual connections between these chronicles, on the one hand, and their paradoxical status of once well-known and now nearly forgotten texts, on the other, have prompted the decision to study them together. On crucial link between these works is the prominence their authors give to Alexander the Great and the variety of sources they use to tell his story, ranging from universal chronicles of the late Antiquity, such as Orosius' Historiae, to courtly romances such as Jacques de Longuyon' Voeux du paon. Our thesis comprises firstly, a study of the manuscript tradition of the three texts, with an emphasis on the role authors of the chronicles, their patrons and readers played in the creation and dissemination of various textual versions, followed by an analysis of the strategies employed by the authors to rewrite the story of Alexander's life in order to integrate it in the continuum of universal history and, finally, an examination of the roles assigned to the Macedonian king in the history of the humanity. The appendices contain an edition of the prologues and of the three accounts of Alexander's life.

This educational biography is a study of Alexander Campbell's (1788-1866) educational activities and educational thinking. These activities included the following: his creation of Buffalo Seminary; advocacy for common schools at the Virginia State Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830; participation in the Western Literary Institute and College of Professional Teachers of Cincinnati, Ohio (an organization for educators); speeches on education and common schools; founding Bethany College in present-day Bethany, West Virginia; and his discussion of educational issues in his journal, the Millennial Harbinger. The study explores how Campbell's unique early-life affected his future educational life. His early-life included intensive study under his highly educated father, home-training in Christian piety, and studying for a time at the University of Glasgow. The study focuses especially upon Campbell's involvement in the College of Teachers, his founding of Bethany College, and his major educational ideas. Some of Campbell's major educational emphases include: the need for public education; human knowledge as a national resource; moral education; lifelong learning; female education; student interest; a broad and holistic conception of education; a focus on early childhood education; utilitarian education; and the power of education. This study concludes that the overarching theme of education as power pervades Campbell's educational thinking.

Bibliography: p. leaves 62-68.

<p>Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med hjälp av jungiansk psykologi som fokuserar på Ingmar Bergmans film Fanny & Alexander. Syftet är att studera biskopens skugga. Filmen handlar om familjen Ekdahl som domineras av en rik och begåvad änka, Helena, samt hennes tre söner. Sonen Oscar dör och hans fru Emelie gifter sig med biskopen. Hennes barn Fanny och Alexander följer med henne in i äktenskapet med biskopen. Tillsammans flyttar de till biskopens spartanska och stränga hem. Alexander väcker biskopens vrede och skugga genom att vägra följa hans regler och ritualer. Biskopen dör eller kanske man kan säga transformeras när han genomgår den smärtsamma processen med att möta sin skugga.</p>

La storia tracia occupa spesso una posizione marginale sia nelle fonti antiche sia negli studi moderni. La presente indagine intende ricostruire le vicende della regione attorno alla metà del IV secolo a.C., dalla morte del sovrano odrisio Kotys (intorno al 360 a.C.) all’insurrezione di Seuthes III (dopo il 326 a.C.). Le fonti letterarie antiche forniscono informazioni lacunose e frammentarie, perché si dedicarono agli avvenimenti traci soltanto quando questi interferirono con la coeva storia ateniese o macedone. Dati aggiuntivi si ricavano dalla documentazione epigrafica, numismatica e archeologica. La presente ricerca ripercorre le complesse dinamiche che portarono alla conquista della Tracia da parte di Filippo II, a costo di numerose e impegnative campagne, e analizza le difficoltà sorte nel mantenere il controllo macedone sulla regione: la pacificazione, tentata da Filippo II negli ultimi anni di regno, non resistette a lungo e l’età di Alessandro fu caratterizzata da una continua tensione tra le spinte autonomistiche delle popolazioni locali e i tentativi di sottomissione condotti dai Macedoni. Una serie di rivolte e il progressivo aumento dell’autonomia locale fecero sì che, alla fine del regno di Alessandro, le tribù tracie riuscissero a tornare "de facto" all’indipendenza originaria. / Thracian history is very often left in a secondary place in ancient sources and in modern studies. This research wants to investigate the Thracian history around the half of IV century B.C., from the death of the Odrisian king Kotys (in about 360 B.C.) to the Seuthes III’s revolt (after 326 B.C.). The ancient literary sources are scanty and give fragmentary or incomplete data: they tell about Thrace only when this region is involved in Athenian or Macedonian history. Epigraphic, numismatic and archeological evidence can sometimes be added. This study demonstrates that the conquest of Thrace by Philip II wasn’t easy and it took a lot of time and many expeditions; the Macedonian control of the region was even harder, because the Thracian people always fought for their independence. The peace of the last years of Philip II’s reign couldn’t go on and, in Alexander’s time, many insurrections arose one after the other. Quintus Curtius Rufus tells that Thrace was almost lost in the end of Alexander’s reign: Seuthes III led the most important rising and local autonomy increased too. Thracian tribes returned "de facto" to their original independence.

Empress Livia – Murderer or wrongfully accused? An overview of the ancient sources on the empress Livia and what that suggests that shemurdered her husband Emperor Augustus and his adoptive children to make way for herown son Tiberius as the emperor of Rome.This work will analyze the ancient roman sources by the great historians from that time;Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, and their works discussing the murder conspiracy of theempress of Rome; Livia.Here I examine what these ancient sources tell about the possible involvement of Livia, on thedeath of Augustus himself and his adoptive sons. Each author to these ancient sources will beexamined and contextualized according to their contemporary time, but also their political andideological views of women in high position and Ceasarism itself. Their characteristics andstyles of their written account will also be examined.The following issues will be dealt with in this work:  What does the ancient sources of; Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio say about theconspiracy theory in which empress Livia is central.  What is known about the authors of these ancient sources and to what extant mighttheir political and ideological view affect their written account?  Can the allegations directed at Livia be the result of the fact that she was a highlyinfluential woman at her time, something which the ancient authors by romanstandards saw as unfit for a woman, and therefore is mistreated in the written sources?  If so, were all women with power under the same time and circumstances criticized inthe same way in which Livia is portrayed?  Are there any other aspects that have not been treated equally in the past by authorsand researchers, in which new questionable guidelines can be made? As is very important to point out, this work and essentially all others alike will not evenassume to solve the final question if empress Livias was guilty or not of murdering herhusband, Emperor Augustus and/or his adoptive sons. This work is to be foremost accepted asan appendix of other works regarding the same issue.

Den här uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie med hjälp av jungiansk psykologi som fokuserar på Ingmar Bergmans film Fanny &amp; Alexander. Syftet är att studera biskopens skugga. Filmen handlar om familjen Ekdahl som domineras av en rik och begåvad änka, Helena, samt hennes tre söner. Sonen Oscar dör och hans fru Emelie gifter sig med biskopen. Hennes barn Fanny och Alexander följer med henne in i äktenskapet med biskopen. Tillsammans flyttar de till biskopens spartanska och stränga hem. Alexander väcker biskopens vrede och skugga genom att vägra följa hans regler och ritualer. Biskopen dör eller kanske man kan säga transformeras när han genomgår den smärtsamma processen med att möta sin skugga.

Cette thèse propose une démonstration critique de l'œuvre d'Alexander Wendt. On mettra en lumière la généalogie de sa pensée qui se retrouve en théorie sociale et en relations internationales. Ainsi, on peut dire que la théorie wendtienne, loin d'apporter une réponse au traditionnel débat agency-structure, met en réalité en évidence le problème fondamental posé par les termes mêmes de ce débat. La volonté affichée par Wendt de synthétiser les deux approches co-déterministes que sont le constructivisme et le réalisme critique, démontre notamment l'impasse théorique d'un tel mode de pensée. Une reformulation sémantique des termes du débat apparaît nécessaire d'où le développement de concepts tels que le processus, relations, habitus et configurations issus de la pensée éliasienne.<br /> Nous proposons également de faire une reconstruction de la théorie wendtienne qui se fonde en grande partie sur la sociologie relationniste ou sociologie des processus développée par Norbert Elias. Une approche relationniste permet de mettre l'emphase sur caractère processuel de toute réalité sociale. On évite ainsi les réifications si courantes dans la pensée sociale traditionnelle. Par ailleurs, afin de comprendre et d'expliquer la politique internationale, il faut travailler sur la longue durée, seule façon de voir l'évolution (souvent lente) des processus sociaux. Enfin, avec Elias, nous réintégrons une dimension psychologique à la compréhension de la politique internationale au travers du concept d'habitus qui se révèle à la fois social et psychique. Il y a donc une discussion sur le rôle des émotions, des affects et de leur autocontrôle dans le rapport à la violence sur la scène internationale. L'ultime objectif s'avère d'humaniser, de socialiser et d'historiciser les théories des relations internationales.

<p>Empress Livia – Murderer or wrongfully accused?</p><p>An overview of the ancient sources on the empress Livia and what that suggests that shemurdered her husband Emperor Augustus and his adoptive children to make way for herown son Tiberius as the emperor of Rome.This work will analyze the ancient roman sources by the great historians from that time;Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, and their works discussing the murder conspiracy of theempress of Rome; Livia.Here I examine what these ancient sources tell about the possible involvement of Livia, on thedeath of Augustus himself and his adoptive sons. Each author to these ancient sources will beexamined and contextualized according to their contemporary time, but also their political andideological views of women in high position and Ceasarism itself. Their characteristics andstyles of their written account will also be examined.The following issues will be dealt with in this work:</p><p> What does the ancient sources of; Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio say about theconspiracy theory in which empress Livia is central.</p><p> What is known about the authors of these ancient sources and to what extant mighttheir political and ideological view affect their written account?</p><p> Can the allegations directed at Livia be the result of the fact that she was a highlyinfluential woman at her time, something which the ancient authors by romanstandards saw as unfit for a woman, and therefore is mistreated in the written sources?</p><p> If so, were all women with power under the same time and circumstances criticized inthe same way in which Livia is portrayed?</p><p> Are there any other aspects that have not been treated equally in the past by authorsand researchers, in which new questionable guidelines can be made?</p><p>As is very important to point out, this work and essentially all others alike will not evenassume to solve the final question if empress Livias was guilty or not of murdering herhusband, Emperor Augustus and/or his adoptive sons. This work is to be foremost accepted asan appendix of other works regarding the same issue.</p>