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Avaliação de cenários de inundações urbanas a partir de medidas não-estruturais de controle: trecho da bacia do córrego do Gregório, São Carlos - SP / Urban flooding scenarios assessment from non-structural measures of flood control: part of the Gregório river basin in São Carlos - SPRodrigo Süzes Boldrin 23 May 2005 (has links)
Os processos de cheias em bacias urbanas vêm sendo agravados devido a uma série de motivos associados à ocupação desordenada do solo urbano. As medidas de controle de enchentes podem ter sua eficiência analisada através da modelagem hidrológica matemática. É neste sentido que o presente trabalho analisa a influência da urbanização sobre os distúrbios no escoamento superficial, por meio de simulações de cenários urbanísticos propostos, com a finalidade de servir como ferramenta de planejamento urbano. Para isso, definiu-se como área de estudo, parte da bacia do Córrego do Gregório, São Carlos - SP. As principais informações da bacia a serem consideradas são: topografia, hidrografia, uso do solo urbano, expansão da área urbana, áreas de proteção ambiental e divisores de microbacias. O modelo hidrológico utilizado é o IPHS-1, do tipo concentrado. Para essa análise são propostos e simulados cenários urbanísticos, baseados na adoção de medidas de controle de inundações não-estruturais, referindo-se principalmente, à conservação de áreas verdes e disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do solo, verificando sua eficiência na redução do volume escoado e atenuação das vazões de pico. / The flooding processes in urban basins have become worse due to many reasons. All of them associated with the disorganized occupancy of the urban area land. The efficiency of flood mitigation measures can be analyzed by mathematical modeling. This study aims to be used as a tool for urban planning and it analyses the influence of the urbanization processes on surface runoff, using simulation of several urbanization scenarios. The case study was undertaken at the Gregório River Basin in São Carlos - SP. The main information considered was topography, hydrology, urban land use, urbanization, protected land and sub-basins. The software used was IPHS-1 which is a lumped hydrologic model. In this research many urbanization scenarios are proposed and simulated. These views are based in many nonstructural flood mitigation alternatives such as land cover conservation, use and occupancy of the land, in order to check their efficiency in reducing the total volume of surface runoff and the peak flow.
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Students' Participation in an Alternative to Suspension ProgramStovall, Yolanda Jordan 01 January 2017 (has links)
Black and Hispanic students in the United States are suspended at a higher rate and lag behind White students academically. This project study examined student achievement and behavior in an alternative to suspension (ATS) program at a Midwest U.S. high school. The purpose of this mixed methods, concurrent embedded strategy study was to determine if participation in the ATS program decreased disciplinary referrals and improved student performance. This study was guided by social control theory, which suggests that when students are disengaged in the school environment, student/teacher and peer relationships are damaged and students turn toward delinquent behavior. The study sample included 22 students who were referred to the program in 2012-2013, 12 of whom attended the ATS program and 10 (the control) who did not. Quantitative data were analyzed through chi-square analysis, nonparametric Mann-Whitney U and independent t test, and qualitative data were analyzed for emerging themes. The quantitative results showed no significant relationships between student participation in the ATS program, the number of referrals received, and academic performance, and no significant difference in referrals by ethnicity. The qualitative analysis showed six themes describing the program's structural aspects: program structure, goals and vision, parental involvement, staff support, student gains in behavioral and social skills, and collaborative elements. A curriculum plan was created to proactively support 9th graders as they enter high school. These results and the curriculum plan promote positive social change by informing school personnel of the benefits of being proactive in addressing student achievement and discipline through support programs and other interventions, increasing the graduation rate and reducing the current school-to-prison pipeline.
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Policy Alternatives for the Cameroon Conflicts with Views on Abolishing the FederationEbini, Christmas Atem 01 January 2019 (has links)
The violent conflicts in the Northwest and Southwest provinces of Cameroon (Southern Cameroons) have obtained national and international attention. The government of Cameroon and armed separatists (Southern Cameroonians) have been called upon to address the root cause of the conflicts and reach a lasting peaceful settlement. This qualitative study is aimed at providing policy alternatives for the current conflict. The primary research question seeks to establish how the 1972 abolition of the federal system may have provided the impetus for the current conflicts. A second question addresses the options for resolving the conflict and the prospects of resolution. Data was collected from a focus group of 20 participants and from secondary data. Data analysis was completed using Jagar's critical discourse analysis. According to the findings of the study, the root cause of the current conflicts and the associated political, social, and economic issues can be attributed to the abolition of the federal system of governance. Policy alternatives to resolving the conflicts may require international mediation, an all-inclusive dialogue/negotiation without preconditions, the unconditional release of all in detention, a general and total ceasefire, and a general amnesty and resettlement program. This study may provide an understanding of the root cause of the conflicts and policy alternatives that will help restore peace, save lives, stabilize the region, and return dignity to the lives of the citizens.
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Alternativ till obedövad kastrering av smågrisar : - Ur ett ekonomiskt och djurhälsomässigt perspektivHansen, Emma January 2010 (has links)
<p>This degree project aims to evaluate alternative methods to the unanaesthetized castration of piglets. Castration of piglets is performed to prevent the development of boar taint. Boar taint can cause great financial losses for the pig manufacturer. Unanaesthetized castration of piglets is not regarded to be satisfactory from an animal welfare perspective and the procedure will for that reason be outlawed in the near future.</p><p>Several alternative methods are used in countries all over the world with promising result. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if this methods could be applied in Swedish pig production.</p><p>A literature study has been combined with interviews; field studies, questionnaires and a small study on male pig production.</p><p>To be applicable to and applied in Swedish pig production the alternative method must be financially accepted by the manufacturers but also accepted from an animal welfare perspective.</p><p>Castration is the only way to guarantee a meat free of boar taint. Therefore the conclusion of this study is that the best result is achieved by a combination of anesthesia in combination with analgesia. This is the most inexpensive alternative which also causes the piglet the least amount of distress.</p> / <p>Examensarbetet har genomförts med syftet att undersöka och utvärdera alternativa metoder till dagens obedövade kastrering av smågrisar. Kastrering utförs för att motverka att hangrisarna utvecklar så kallad galtlukt som kan medföra stora ekonomiska förluster för grisproducenten. Dagens kirurgiska kastrering kommer att förbjudas inom den närmaste framtiden eftersom ingreppet inte anses djurhälsomässigt acceptabelt.</p><p>Flera av metoderna tillämpas idag på besättningar runt om i världen på ett välfungerande vis och syftet var att undersöka om dessa alternativ skulle fungera i den svenska grisproduktionen.</p><p>Arbetet har utförts med hjälp av en litteraturstudie som kompletterats med intervjuer, studiebesök, frågeformulär, enkätundersökning och ett mindre genomfört försök med hangrisuppfödning.</p><p>För att anses som lämplig måste den alternativa metoden vara acceptabel både ur ett ekonomiskt och djurhälsomässigt perspektiv. Detta för att kunna tillämpas i den svenska grisproduktionen.</p><p>Det enda sätt som garanterar att galtlukt inte förekommer i köttet är kastrering. Därför är slutsatsen av utvärderingen är att metoderna lokalbedövning i kombination med smärtlindring i samband med kastrering är det bästa alternativet. Detta eftersom det är ett av de billigaste alternativen som dessutom ger bäst bedövning och smärtlindring för grisen.</p>
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Proposition d'une Méthode pour l'Ingénierie de l'Alignement Métier/SI: Diagnostic, Évolution, Alternatives technologiques et DécisionGmati, Islem 13 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
L'intérêt de l'alignement est largement reconnu aussi bien par le monde académique qu'industriel. Néanmoins, l'alignement ne peut pas être considéré comme une fin en soi si le métier est en perpétuelle évolution. Le challenge est donc de préserver la relation d'alignement après la mise en œuvre du changement. On parle d'évolution de l'alignement ou de co-évolution. Le défi de la co-évolution est encore plus grand quand on considère le grand nombre de systèmes hérités dont le cycle d'évolution n'est pas le même que celui des exigences métier. Le challenge est donc de préserver la relation d'alignement tout en trouvant le scénario d'évolution le mieux adapté à la situation de l'organisation et de son système d'information. La méthode DEEVA proposée s'inscrit dans ce contexte et explore deux disciplines à savoir " l'ingénierie des exigences " et " l'ingénierie de logiciels " et tire avantage de leur interaction afin de s'attaquer à un problème complexe tel que celui de l'ingénierie de l'alignement. La méthode DEEVA s'inscrit dans un contexte de changement qui mène l'organisation d'une situation existante vers une situation future et l'enrichit avec le processus de co-évolution constitué de trois étapes : (i) le diagnostic de l'alignement en se basant sur une modélisation explicite des liens d'alignement entre les perspectives stratégique et opérationnelle. Ce diagnostic permet de capturer le non alignement, (ii) la capture et la spécification du changement ainsi que l'anticipation des évolutions requises et la simulation bien en amont de leurs impacts et (iii) la décision parmi une panoplie de choix TI pour mettre en œuvre le changement de manière à préserver la relation d'alignement. La méthode DEEVA apporte des éléments de solution à un problème complexe tel que celui de l'ingénierie de l'alignement en proposant et utilisant un ensemble de classifications. Ces classification permettent de décomposer les problèmes liés à la capture du non alignement et la spécification des exigences d'évolution ainsi que leur conduite jusqu'au choix du scénario technique de leur implémentation. Ceci a permis d'avancer dans le raisonnement et de progresser vers la résolution d'un problème complexe et touchant à plusieurs axes. Le processus DEEVA se base sur un ensemble de directives guidant les ingénieurs dans l'exercice de la co-évolution. Ces directives sont à peu près 30% interactives et 70% algorithmiques et se basent sur un ensemble de règles et de techniques qui renforcent le guidage et rendent l'approche plus systématique. Ces règles se basent sur les différentes classifications proposées. Cette recherche a été validée par l'application de la méthode proposée à un projet complexe de taille réelle concernant la transformation et la refonte du SI de l'enseigne textile du Groupement des Mousquetaires qui a financé cette thèse.
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Evaluation des risques et réglementation de la sécurité : Cas du secteur maritime - Tendances et applicationsChantelauve, Guillaume 11 January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
La réglementation de la sécurité est un des déterminants principaux de la sécurité du transport maritime. Depuis la fin du 20ème siècle, de nouvelles approches normatives fondées sur les risques viennent compléter la configuration traditionnelle - déterministe et prescriptive - de la réglementation de la sécurité. Nos travaux de recherche traitent de l'intérêt des techniques d'évaluation du risque pour la réglementation de la sécurité. Le travail méthodologique de production et d'organisation des concepts théoriques et des apports de terrain relatifs aux configurations réglementaires " non traditionnelles " permet de formaliser l'utilisation des techniques d'évaluation du risque et de proposer des aspects influençant le choix des techniques. Deux méthodes d'évaluation du risque sont améliorées - relatives à (i) l'évaluation formelle de la sécurité à utiliser dans le cadre du processus d'élaboration de règles, et aux (ii) conceptions alternatives pour la sécurité incendie à utiliser dans le cadre de conceptions de navire ne répondant pas aux exigences réglementaires classiques - et mises en oeuvre, respectivement, pour la sécurité des vraquiers et pour un espace public de navires à passagers. A travers ce travail, nous avons pu mettre en évidence l'utilisation potentielle de l'évaluation du risque pour la réglementation de la sécurité, et dégager les grandes lignes structurant ces approches.
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Tillämpning av GIS-analyser i MKB / Application of GIS-analyses in EIAWall, Erik January 2006 (has links)
The reason for performing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to incorporate environmental concern in different kinds of plans and projects. The purpose of such an assessment is to identify and describe direct, indirect and cumulative environmental impacts. Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool that can be used to combine spatial extension of both sensitive areas and different environmental impacts in a quick and easy way. Because of that, descriptions of environmental impacts and motivation of different standpoints on a specific issue can be more correct and easier to make if GIS is used as a tool. Hence, GIS can contribute to improve the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments. If the benefits of using GIS are to out weight the costs, geographical information of satisfactory detail, actuality and accuracy need to be available at reasonable prices. In this paper, case studies are carried out for three different geographical analyses to investigate the use of GIS as a tool in EIA. From these case studies, more general conclusions about the benefits and limitations of using GIS for Environmental Impact Assessments are also drawn. The criteria, after which benefits and limitations of GIS have been estimated, are data availability, time consumption for performing the analyses and how the results from the performed analyses can make impact assessments easier, motivate different standpoints and increase the comprehensiveness of the EIA-report. The three different GIS-analyses includes calculation of pollution load in a catchment area, estimation of the visual impact from planned buildings and generation of alternative locations for underwater pipes. These analyses have been applied on one ongoing EIA for a freight terminal and one ongoing EIA for an underwater wastewater transmission pipe. The analyses in these case studies have been undertaken with ArcGIS software using the extensions “Spatial Analyst” and “3D Analyst”. It is shown in this study that due to uncertainty in available model values and the time consuming data manipulation, it is unlikely that calculations of pollution loads with GIS will be used to any larger extent in EIA. To carry out visual assessments with help of GIS to estimate visual impacts is on the other hand assumed to be useful in EIA-work. Both to assess impacts and to estimate how changes in building design can alter those impacts. To use GIS to produce alternative locations for underwater pipes is also considered valuable in EIA-work, even though there is a considerable lack of data to predict the environmental class of marine areas and the connections between available data and real environmental values are weak. However, the risk of damaging vulnerable and high valued marine areas should decrease when applying this type of analyse. / Miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar (MKB) genomförs för att möjliggöra att hänsyn om miljön tas vid olika typer av exploateringsprojekt och exploateringsplaner. Syftet med en miljökonsekvensbeskrivning är att identifiera och beskriva direkta, indirekta och kumulativa miljöeffekter. Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) är ett verktyg som kan användas för att snabbt och enkelt kombinera rumslig utsträckning av både känsliga områden och olika miljökonsekvenser. GIS kan därför användas för att underlätta beskrivningar av miljökonsekvenser och motivera olika ställningstaganden. Därigenom kan GIS bidra till bättre grundade och mer rättvisande miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar. Men för att vinsterna av att genomföra GIS-analyser ska överstiga kostnaderna krävs att geografisk information av tillräcklig detaljeringsgrad, aktualitet och säkerhet finns att tillgå till rimliga kostnader. Syftet med denna studie har varit att genom fallstudier undersöka om tre olika GIS-analyser kan användas som verktyg i miljöbedömningar med idag tillgänglig data, samt att utifrån fallstudierna dra mer allmänna slutsatser om vinster och begränsningar av att använda GIS i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar. De kriterier som har använts för att bedöma vinster och begränsningar är tidsåtgång för analyserna, tillgång på data samt hur analyserna kan vara ett stöd i MKB-arbetet genom att underlätta beskrivningar av konsekvenser, motivera ställningstaganden som görs och öka rapportens begriplighet. De tre genomförda GIS-analyserna innefattar beräkning av föroreningsbelastning inom ett avrinningsområde, bedömning av byggnaders landskapspåverkan genom synlighetsanalys samt generering av förslag till alternativ ledningsdragning för en undervattensledning. Dessa analyser har tillämpats på en pågående MKB för en detaljplan för en partihall och en pågående MKB för en avloppsvattenledning under vatten. Analyserna i fallstudierna har genomförts i programmet ArcGIS med tilläggen ”Spatial Analyst” och ”3D Analyst”. Studien visar att det på grund av osäkerheter i tillgängliga schablonvärden och tidsåtgång för databehandling är osannolikt att beräkning av föroreningsmängd inom ett avrinningsområde med GIS kommer att användas till någon större utsträckning i MKB. Att med GIS genomföra synlighetsanalyser för att utvärdera landskapspåverkan bedöms däremot kunna användas i MKB, både för att bedöma påverkan och för att utvärdera hur en förändring i en byggnads utformning kan förändra den påverkan. Även att med GIS generera förslag till alternativa ledningsdragningar under vatten bedöms kunna fylla en funktion i MKB trots att tillgången på data för att kunna beskriva olika marina områdens naturvärden är klart bristfällig och kopplingen mellan tillgängliga data och verkliga naturvärden är osäker. Denna typ av analys bör ändå minska risken att värdefulla och skyddsvärda marina områden skadas vid lednignsdragning.
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Relationship initiation and progression in the online matchmaking environment : phenomenology, idealistic distortion, and alternative dating partnersSteffek, Lisa Marie 26 January 2011 (has links)
With the capacity to connect millions of singles through the virtual world, online matchmaking has altered the traditional, face-to-face romantic relationship initiation process. Users of online matchmaking sites have easy access to thousands of available singles and can communicate with partners before ever meeting face-to-face. Specific mechanisms by which online matchmaking environments operate are likely to distort both users’ appraisals of other users and users’ appraisals of themselves. This phenomenon in dating has left researchers to speculate about the effectiveness of romantic relationship initiation in such a context, and for relationships that are successfully formed online, whether the effects of online matchmaking extend beyond the relationship initiation process to influence the subsequent progression of romantic relationships. Seventy-five single men and women were recruited and agreed to subscribe to the online matchmaking site Match.com for 30 days. Participants completed measures assessing their individual background characteristics, sociosexual orientation, personality and attachment. In the event that participants scheduled a first date with someone they met through Match.com, they completed pre and post-date measures assessing idealistic distortion of, attention to, and ease of finding alternative dating partners. Upon completion of their 30 days in the study, participants completed a follow-up questionnaire assessing the degree to which they idealistically distorted themselves to other users and their overall satisfaction and experience using Match.com. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the more users’ distorted the vitality and attractiveness of dating partners the less likely users were to experience a second date initiated by the dating partner. Future studies need to consider that traditional models of relationship initiation are out-dated and not applicable to the study of relationship initiation and progression in the context of online matchmaking. Relationship researchers need to investigate: gender differences in filtering potential partners, the function of filtering in such a context, the developmental progression of filtering and the subsequent potential heightened importance of physical attraction verses the importance of compatibility in predicting relationship initiation in the online matchmaking environment. Additionally, future research should involve comparisons of various matchmaking services’, should utilize larger sample sizes and should follow participants for a longer period of time. / text
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Alternativ till obedövad kastrering av smågrisar : - Ur ett ekonomiskt och djurhälsomässigt perspektivHansen, Emma January 2010 (has links)
This degree project aims to evaluate alternative methods to the unanaesthetized castration of piglets. Castration of piglets is performed to prevent the development of boar taint. Boar taint can cause great financial losses for the pig manufacturer. Unanaesthetized castration of piglets is not regarded to be satisfactory from an animal welfare perspective and the procedure will for that reason be outlawed in the near future. Several alternative methods are used in countries all over the world with promising result. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if this methods could be applied in Swedish pig production. A literature study has been combined with interviews; field studies, questionnaires and a small study on male pig production. To be applicable to and applied in Swedish pig production the alternative method must be financially accepted by the manufacturers but also accepted from an animal welfare perspective. Castration is the only way to guarantee a meat free of boar taint. Therefore the conclusion of this study is that the best result is achieved by a combination of anesthesia in combination with analgesia. This is the most inexpensive alternative which also causes the piglet the least amount of distress. / Examensarbetet har genomförts med syftet att undersöka och utvärdera alternativa metoder till dagens obedövade kastrering av smågrisar. Kastrering utförs för att motverka att hangrisarna utvecklar så kallad galtlukt som kan medföra stora ekonomiska förluster för grisproducenten. Dagens kirurgiska kastrering kommer att förbjudas inom den närmaste framtiden eftersom ingreppet inte anses djurhälsomässigt acceptabelt. Flera av metoderna tillämpas idag på besättningar runt om i världen på ett välfungerande vis och syftet var att undersöka om dessa alternativ skulle fungera i den svenska grisproduktionen. Arbetet har utförts med hjälp av en litteraturstudie som kompletterats med intervjuer, studiebesök, frågeformulär, enkätundersökning och ett mindre genomfört försök med hangrisuppfödning. För att anses som lämplig måste den alternativa metoden vara acceptabel både ur ett ekonomiskt och djurhälsomässigt perspektiv. Detta för att kunna tillämpas i den svenska grisproduktionen. Det enda sätt som garanterar att galtlukt inte förekommer i köttet är kastrering. Därför är slutsatsen av utvärderingen är att metoderna lokalbedövning i kombination med smärtlindring i samband med kastrering är det bästa alternativet. Detta eftersom det är ett av de billigaste alternativen som dessutom ger bäst bedövning och smärtlindring för grisen.
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Tests d'hypothèses pour les processus de Poisson dans les cas non réguliersYang, Lin 22 January 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Ce travail est consacré aux problèmes de testd'hypothèses pour les processus de Poisson nonhomogènes.L'objectif principal de ce travail est l'étude decomportement des différents tests dans le cas desmodèles statistiques singuliers. L'évolution de lasingularité de la fonction d'intensité est comme suit :régulière (l'information de Fisher finie), continue maisnon différentiable (singularité de type "cusp"),discontinue (singularité de type saut) et discontinueavec un saut de taille variable. Dans tous les cas ondécrit analytiquement les tests. Dans le cas d'un saut detaille variable, on présente également les propriétésasymptotiques des estimateurs.En particulier, on décrit les statistiques de tests, le choixdes seuils et le comportement des fonctions depuissance sous les alternatives locales. Le problèmeinitial est toujours le test d'une hypothèse simple contreune alternative unilatérale. La méthode principale est lathéorie de la convergence faible dans l'espace desfonctions discontinues. Cette théorie est appliquée àl'étude des processus de rapport de vraisemblancenormalisé dans les modèles singuliers considérés. Laconvergence faible du rapport de vraisemblance sousl'hypothèse et sous les alternatives vers les processuslimites correspondants nous permet de résoudre lesproblèmes mentionnés précédemment.Les résultats asymptotiques sont illustrés par dessimulations numériques contenant la construction destests, le choix des seuils et les fonctions de puissancessous les alternatives locales.
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