Tesis por compendio / [ES] El consumo energético de una estación de bombeo (EB) representa el mayor consumo de energía de un sistema de de distribución de agua. Adicionalmente, otros problemas como el cambio climático, el estrés hídrico y emisión de gases de efecto invernadero conducen a la necesidad de optimizar este tipo de instalaciones, tanto en su diseño como en su operación. La presente tesis doctoral consta de tres etapas de desarrollo. La primera etapa desarrolla una metodología de optimización de la operación de EB. La segunda etapa desarrolla un método de diseño de estaciones de bombeo considerando aspectos técnicos y económicos basados en el método AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, del Ingles). Finalmente, la tercera etapa es una mejora de la segunda añadiendo aspectos ambientales y consideración de variabilidad de la demanda. Una de las principales contribuciones es el desarrollo de una metodología para la optimización del funcionamiento de una EB. Esta metodología se basa en el uso de la curva de consigna y una operación combinando bombas de velocidad fija (BVF) y bombas de velocidad variable (BVV). El objetivo de este método es determinar el número óptimo de BVF y BVV en para cualquier caudal minimizando el consumo energético total de la EB. Esta metodología corrige la eficiencia de BVV determinada por las leyes de semejanza e incluye una formulación matemática de la eficiencia del variador de frecuencia. El diseño convencional de EB se basa la minimización del coste del ciclo de vida (CCV); suma de costes de inversión, operación y mantenimiento. La segunda etapa de la tesis, desarrolla un método integral de diseño de EB considerando aspectos técnicos y económicos aplicando el método AHP. La metodología propuesta consta de tres fases. La primera fase está relacionada la definición de los datos requeridos de la EB y permite definir los modelos factibles para la red. La segunda fase está relacionada con la definición de las posibles soluciones y su evaluación con los criterios técnicos y económicos. La tercera fase está relacionada con el cálculo del frente de Pareto del conjunto de soluciones obtenidas y la aplicación del método AHP. La metodología desarrollada en la segunda etapa de la tesis presenta cuatro limitaciones. La primera es no considerar los criterios medioambientales en el diseño de la EB. La segunda es no considerar la optimización del funcionamiento de una EB definido en la primera etapa. LA tercera está relacionada con la escala utilizada en el método AHP. La cuarta es la consideración de un único patrón de consumo en la estación de bombeo. Por ello, en la tercera etapa de la tesis se desarrolla una nueva propuesta de metodología de diseño de EB que pretende solventar estos problemas. Este nuevo método considera criterios medioambientales como el MEI, las emisiones de efecto invernadero o la eficiencia del método de regulación en la EB. El método incluye también una propuesta de modificación de la escala tradicional de valoración clásica del AHP. Las metodologías propuestas se han validado de forma comparativa con dos redes de distribución de agua (redes CAT y TF). Sobre ambas redes se compararon tanto los diferentes métodos propuestos como su comparativa con un planteamiento clásico del problema de diseño de una EB. En resumen, el la tesis recoge una metodología estandarizada para el diseño de cualquier tipo de EB (para agua potable, para riego etc.) considerando la configuración de bombeo más adecuada, haciendo uso de una variabilidad de la demanda, y considerando diferentes tipos de criterios (técnicos, económicos y ambientales) a través de un análisis multi criterio de toma de decisiones. / [CA] El consum energètic d'una estació de bombament (EB) representa el consum d'energia més gran d'un sistema de distribució d'aigua. Addicionalment, altres problemes com el canvi climàtic, l'estrès hídric i l'emissió de gasos d'efecte hivernacle condueixen a la necessitat d'optimitzar aquest tipus d'instal¿lacions, tant pel que fa al disseny com a l'operació. Aquesta tesi doctoral consta de tres etapes de desenvolupament. La primera etapa desenvolupa una metodologia d"optimització de l"operació d"EB. La segona etapa desenvolupa un mètode de disseny d'estacions de bombament considerant aspectes tècnics i econòmics basats en el mètode AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process, de l'Angles). Finalment, la tercera etapa és una millora de la segona afegint-hi aspectes ambientals i consideració de variabilitat de la demanda. Una de les contribucions principals és el desenvolupament d'una metodologia per optimitzar el funcionament d'una EB. Aquesta metodologia es basa en lús de la corba de consigna i una operació combinant bombes de velocitat fixa (BVF) i bombes de velocitat variable (BVV). L'objectiu d'aquest mètode és determinar el nombre òptim de BVF i BVV en qualsevol cabal minimitzant el consum energètic total de l'EB. Aquesta metodologia corregeix l"eficiència de BVV determinada per les lleis de semblança i inclou una formulació matemàtica de l"eficiència del variador de freqüència. El disseny convencional dEB es basa la minimització del cost del cicle de vida (CCV); suma de costos dinversió, operació i manteniment. La segona etapa de la tesi desenvolupa un mètode integral de disseny d'EB considerant aspectes tècnics i econòmics aplicant el mètode AHP. La metodologia proposada consta de tres fases. La primera fase està relacionada amb la definició de les dades requerides de l'EB i permet definir els models factibles per a la xarxa. La segona fase està relacionada amb la definició de les possibles solucions i la seva avaluació amb criteris tècnics i econòmics. La tercera fase està relacionada amb el càlcul del front de Pareto del conjunt de solucions obtingudes i laplicació del mètode AHP. La metodologia desenvolupada a la segona etapa de la tesi presenta quatre limitacions. La primera és no considerar els criteris mediambientals en el disseny de lEB. La segona és no considerar l'optimització del funcionament d'una EB definit a la primera etapa. La tercera està relacionada amb l'escala utilitzada al mètode AHP. La quarta és la consideració d'un únic patró de consum a l'estació de bombament. Per això, a la tercera etapa de la tesi es desenvolupa una nova proposta de metodologia de disseny d'EB que pretén resoldre aquests problemes. Aquest nou mètode considera criteris mediambientals com el MEI, les emissions amb efecte d'hivernacle o l'eficiència del mètode de regulació a l'EB. El mètode també inclou una proposta de modificació de l'escala tradicional de valoració clàssica de l'AHP. Les metodologies proposades han estat validades de manera comparativa amb dues xarxes de distribució d'aigua (xarxes CAT i TF). Sobre les dues xarxes es van comparar tant els diferents mètodes proposats com la comparativa amb un plantejament clàssic del problema de disseny d'una EB. En resum, la tesi recull una metodologia estandarditzada per al disseny de qualsevol tipus d'EB (per a aigua potable, per a reg etc.) considerant la configuració de bombament més adequada, fent ús d'una variabilitat de la demanda, i considerant diferents tipus de criteris (tècnics, econòmics i ambientals) mitjançant una anàlisi multicriteri de presa de decisions. / [EN] Energy consumption of a pumping station (PS) represents the largest energy consumption of a water distribution system. Additionally, other problems such as climate change, water stress and greenhouse gas emissions lead to the need to optimize this type of facilities, both in their design and operation. This doctoral thesis consists of three stages of development. The first stage develops a methodology to optimize the operation of the PS. The second stage develops a pumping station design method considering technical and economic aspects based on the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. Finally, the third stage is an improvement of the second stage by adding environmental aspects and demand variability consideration. One of the main contributions is the development of a methodology for the optimization of the operation of a PS. This methodology is based on the use of the set point curve and an operation combining fixed speed pumps (FSP) and variable speed pumps (VSP). The objective of this method is to determine the optimum number of FSP and VSP at any given flow rate while minimizing the total energy consumption of the PS. This methodology corrects the VSP efficiency determined by the similarity laws and includes a mathematical formulation of the variable frequency drive efficiency. Conventional PS design is based on the minimization of the life cycle cost (LCC); the sum of investment, operation and maintenance costs. The second stage of the thesis develops an integral method of PS design considering technical and economic aspects by applying the AHP method. The proposed methodology consists of three phases. The first phase one is related to the definition of the required data of the PS and allows defining the feasible models for the network. The second is related to the definition of the possible solutions and their evaluation with technical and economic criteria. The third phase is related to the calculation of the Pareto front of the set of solutions obtained and the application of the AHP method. The methodology developed in the second stage of the thesis has four limitations. The first one is not considering environmental criteria in the design of the PS. The second is not considering the optimization of the operation of a PS defined in the first stage of the thesis. The third is related to the scale used in the AHP method. The fourth is the consideration of a single consumption pattern in the pumping station. Therefore, in the third stage of the thesis, a new proposed methodology for the PS design is developed to solve these problems. This new method considers environmental criteria such as MEI, greenhouse emissions or the efficiency of the PS control method. The method also includes a proposed modification of the traditional AHP classical rating scale. The proposed methodologies have been comparatively validated with two water distribution networks (CAT and TF networks). For both networks, both the different proposed methods and their comparison with a classical approach to the design problem of a PS were compared. In summary, the thesis presents a standardized methodology for the design of any type of PS (for drinking water, irrigation, etc.) considering the most appropriate pumping configuration, making use of demand variability, and considering different types of criteria (technical, economic and environmental) through a multi-criteria decision making analysis. / Briceño León, CX. (2023). Contributions to the design of pumping stations in water distribution networks considering technical, economic and environmental aspects [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/193080 / Compendio

[pt] O planejamento do cronograma de manutenção de unidades geradoras de usinas hidrelétricas é assunto de grande interesse para diversos agentes do setor de energia brasileiro. Uma abordagem correta para este problema, pode prevenir a degradação dos ativos físicos e minimizar a probabilidade de desligamentos forçados de seus equipamentos. Logo, as estratégias operacionais dos agentes são também influenciadas pelo cronograma de manutenção das turbinas. Porém, o sistema brasileiro possui algumas particularidades, a qual os grupos econômicos que vencem o leilão para a construção de novas usinas hidrelétricas, atendam a uma série de especificações técnicas, dentre elas, o Fator de Disponibilidade (FID). O FID é diretamente influenciado pelas horas de manutenção realizadas na usina e, em caso de desempenho abaixo do estipulado nos contratos de concessão, pode acarretar em perdas financeiras aplicadas pela o agente regulador. Com essa motivação em mente, o presente trabalho propõe uma metodologia para Programação da Agenda da Manutenção de Geradores de uma usina hidrelétrica, desenvolvendo um modelo matemático para determinar o momento ideal para realizar a manutenção, considerando restrições operacionais e aspectos regulatórios de usinas hidrelétricas. O trabalho propõe também, a obtenção de um ranking das turbinas com a utilização do método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), com base nos indicadores de manutenção da usina hidrelétrica estudada. O objetivo da classificação gerada é fornecer subsídio para auxiliar o planejamento das manutenções, de forma a aumentar a disponibilidade dos equipamentos. A metodologia de otimização proposta para este problema é feita através de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM), onde as variáveis inteiras consistem no estado de operação e data de início da manutenção de cada unidade geradora. A representação do parque hidrotérmico é desafiadora, principalmente, devido à estocasticidade das vazões naturais afluentes. Ao final, para validar a modelagem proposta, é realizado um estudo de caso para uma planta real de grande porte do sistema brasileiro, a Usina Hidrelétrica Santo Antônio. / [en] The planning of the maintenance schedule of hydroelectric power plant generating units is a matter of great interest to several agents in the Brazilian energy sector. A correct approach to this problem can prevent the degradation of physical assets and minimize the likelihood of forced shutdown of your equipment. Therefore, the agents operational operations are also influenced by the turbine maintenance schedule. However, the Brazilian system has some particularities, which the economic groups that win the auction for the construction of new hydroelectric plants, meet a series of technical specifications, among them, the Availability Factor (AFA). The AFA is directly influenced by the hours of maintenance performed at the plant and, in case of performance below the stipulated in the concession contracts, it can result in financial losses applied by the regulatory agent. With this motivation in mind, the present work proposes a methodology for Programming the Maintenance Schedule of Generators of a hydroelectric plant, developing a mathematical model to determine the ideal moment to carry out the maintenance, considering operational restrictions and regulatory aspects of hydroelectric plants. The work also offers to obtain a ranking of the turbines using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, based on the maintenance indicators of the studied hydroelectric plant. The purpose of the generated classification is to provide subsidies to assist the planning of maintenance, in order to increase the availability of equipment. The optimization methodology proposed for this problem is done through Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP), where the entire variables consist of the state of operation and start data for the maintenance of each generating unit. The representation of the hydrothermal park is challenging, mainly due to the stochasticity of the affluent natural flows. At the end, to validate the proposed modeling, a case study is carried out for a real large plant in the Brazilian system, the Santo Antônio Hydroelectric Plant.

Software testing is an essential part of any development, ensuring the validity and verification of projects. As the usage and footprint of JavaScript expand, new testing frameworks in its community have made statements about being the best overall solution using minimal intervention from developers. The statements from these frameworks about being the greatest can make it difficult for JavaScript beginners to pick a framework that could affect current and future projects. By comparing different types of frameworks and establishing a guideline for others to do the same, it becomes easier for beginners and others to choose a framework according to their own required needs. The overall method uses Mario Bunge’s scientific method via stages, which helps validate the thesis as scientific. Research, empirical data from a qualitative, and objective data from a survey decide the criteria, their priority (to determine their impact and hierarchy), what frameworks to include, and how to compare them. The frameworks Jest, AVA, and Node TAP are compared based on the main criteria of simplicity, documentation, features, and their sub-criteria. Evaluating the frameworks and ranking their performance in each criterion was done through an experiment conducted on a pre-made website without any testing included. The analytic hierarchy process is the primary method used to combine the information gathered and output a result. It makes it possible to create a priority hierarchy for each criterion and subsequently makes it possible to evaluate the choices available on their fulfillment of those criteria. One of these choices will eventually be an overall more suitable fit as the optimal framework for the research question. Combining the survey and experiment data into the analytic hierarchy process revealed that Jest fit the previous criteria better than AVA and Node TAP because of Jest’s better learning curve and Stack overflow presence. AVA was just behind in those areas, while Node TAP had a poor fit for all sub-criteria compared to the other two. AVA’s almost similar evaluation to Jest shows how the open-source community and small development teams can keep up with solutions from big corporations. / Programvarutestning är en viktig del av all utveckling, för att säkerställa giltigheten och verifieringen av projekt. Tack vare JavaScripts expandering och användning, så har nya testramverk dykt upp som anser sig vara den bästa lösningen för utvecklare. Dessa påståenden kan göra det svårt för nybörjare inom JavaScript-utveckling att bestämma sig för vilket ramverk de borde använda, vilket kan påverka deras arbete och framtida projekt. Genom att jämföra dessa ramverk och etablera riktlinjer för andra nybörjare, blir det simpelt för olika demografiska grupper att välja rätt testramverk enligt deras egna åsikter. Den övergripande metoden använder Mario Bunges vetenskapliga metod, vilken använder flera steg för att omvandla hypotesen inom arbetet till en vetenskaplig rapport. Forskning och empirisk information från kvalitativa undersökningar, samt objektiva insamlingar från undersökningar, har använts för att bestämma enligt vilka kriterier dessa ramverk ska jämföras, vilken prioritering dessa kriterier har för nybörjare, vilka testramverk som ska användas och hur ramverken ska jämföras. Testramverken Jest, AVA och Node TAP har jämförts baserat på huvudkriterierna enkelhet, dokumentation och funktionalitet, dessa kriterier innehåller även underkriterier. Evalueringen av dessa ramverk och deras grad av prestanda inom dessa kriterier gjordes genom experimentellt utförande och användning inom en förhandsgjord hemsida utan någon form av testning inkluderad. Den analytiska hierarkiska processen var den primära metoden som användes för att kombinera den insamlade informationen till ett slutgiltigt resultat. Detta för att en prioriteringshierarki kan skapas för all kriterier, och gör det även möjligt att evaluera all ramverk inom dessa kriterier. Ett av dessa ramverk kommer eventuellt beräknas som det bästa alternativet, och på så sätt hjälpa besvara huvudfrågan. Kombinationen av resultaten från undersökningen och experimenten gav att Jest passar bäst till nybörjare, baserat på kriterierna och deras prioriteringsrang, detta tack vare att Jest har bättre inlärningskurva och Stack Overflow-närvaro jämfört med AVA och Node TAP. AVA ligger precis efter inom dessa kriterier, medan Node TAP har betydligt sämre prestanda inom alla kriterier. AVA:s närliggande kapacitet till Jest bevisar att mindre grupper av utvecklare kan komma upp med bra lösningar precis som större företag.

The product development process for the automotive industry is normally complicated, lengthy, expensive, and risky. Hence, a study on a new concept for Low Volume Automotive Manufacturing (LVAM), used for niche car models manufacturing, is proposed to overcome this issue. The development of a hybrid Knowledge Based (KB) System, which is a blend of KB System, Gauging Absences of Pre-requisites (GAP), and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is proposed for LVAM research. The hybrid KB/GAP/AHP System identifies all potential elements of LVAM issues throughout the development of this system. The KB System used in the LVAM analyses the gap between the existing and the benchmark organisations for an effective implementation. The novelty and differences in the current research approach emphasises the use of Knowledge Based (KB) System in the planning and designing stages by suggesting recommendations of LVAM implementation, through: a) developing the conceptual LVAM model; b) designing the KBLVAM System structure based on the conceptual LVAM model; and c) embedding Gauging Absences of Pre-requisites (GAP) analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach in the hybrid KBLVAM System. The KBLVAM Model explores five major perspectives in two stages. Planning Stage (Stage 1) consists of Manufacturer Environment Perspective (Level 0), LVAM Manufacturer Business Perspective (Level 1), and LVAM Manufacturer Resource Perspective (Level 2). Design Stage (Stage 2) consists of LVAM Manufacturer Capability ¿ Car Body Part Manufacturing Perspective (Level 3), LVAM Manufacturer Capability ¿ Competitive Priorities Perspective (Level 4), and LVAM Manufacturer Capability ¿ Lean Process Optimisation Perspective (Level 5). Each of these perspectives consists of modules and sub-modules that represent specific subjects in the LVAM development. Based on the conceptual LVAM model, all perspectives were transformed into the KBLVAM System structure, which is embedded with the GAP and AHP techniques, hence, key areas of potential improvement are recommended for each activity for LVAM implementation. In order to be able to address the real situation of LVAM environment, the research verification was conducted for two automotive manufacturers in Malaysia. Some published case studies were also used to check several modules for their validity and reliability. This research concludes that the developed KBLVAM System provides valuable decision making information and knowledge to assist LVAM practitioners to plan, design and implement LVAM in terms of business organisation, manufacturing aspects and practices. / Universiti Malaysia Pahang and Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia

The complexity of sustainable building maintenance environment requires managers to define and implement appropriate quality benchmark system suitable for this function. Lean Six Sigma (LSS) is one of the most effective process improvement and optimization philosophy that maintenance organisations can implement in their environment. However, literature review has shown that 90% of failures in LSS implementations are due to lack of readiness to change, the unawareness of the required benchmark organisation capabilities, and improper control of priorities. The contribution of the current research approach is in developing a hybrid Knowledge-Based (KB)/GAP/AHP System, consisting of three stages (Planning, Designing and Implementation) and containing over 2500 KB rules. The KB System can assist the decision-makers in identifying the obstacles behind the organisation readiness to change into a benchmark LSS maintenance environment. Thus the KB System will be used to achieve benchmark standards by determining the gap existing between the current environment and the benchmark goal, and then suggest a detailed plan to overcome these hurdles in a prioritised and structured manner, thus achieving cost benefits. To ensure its consistency and reliability, the KB System was validated in three Oman-based maintenance organisations, and one published case study for a UK-based organisation. The results from the validation were positive with the System output suggesting list of top priorities and action plans for achieving benchmark LSS standards for these organisations. The research concludes that the developed KB System is a consistent and reliable methodology for assisting decision-makers in designing, planning, and implementing LSS for benchmark sustainable building maintenance.

Yes / In this paper, a novel multilink selection framework is developed for different applications with various quality of service (QoS) requirements in avionic systems, based on the multi-attribute decisionmaking model. Two metaheuristic algorithms are proposed to solve this model while optimizing the multilink selection performances. Multilink configuration and multi-homing capabilities are generally required for aircrafts operating in a heterogeneous wireless network environment. The first algorithm, called Analytic Hierarchy Process and Simulated Annealing (AHP-SA), utilises a two-phase process. In Phase one, an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to choose the decision weight factors. Then, in Phase two, a simulated annealing process is applied to select suitable networks, for various service requests, based on the weights obtained from first phase. Further, to improve customer satisfaction, Simulated Annealing algorithm for Simultaneous Weights and Network Selection Optimisation (SA-SWNO) is developed, in which a simulated annealing algorithm is applied to dynamically optimise weight factors of objective functions and the request-to-network assignment matrix. Simulation results demonstrates that both proposed algorithms outperform the commonly used price-based or QoS-based network selection scheme with much higher averaged satisfaction degree and lower computational complexity. / Cockpit NetwOrk CoMmunications Environment Testing (COMET) Project under the European Commission’s Program Clean Sky2 in partnership with the European Aeronautical Industry

The dependency of maintenance as a manufacturing logistic function has made the considerations of maintenance decisions complex in nature. The importance of maintenance has escalated significantly by the increasing of automation in manufacturing processes. This condition switches the traditional maintenance perspective of “fire-fighter” into the business competitive driver. As a consequence, maintenance needs to consider other related aspects of decision making to achieve competitive advantage. This research aims to develop a hybrid Knowledge-Based (KB) System/GAP/AHP methodology to support the integration of maintenance decision with business and manufacturing perspectives. It constructs over 2000 KB rules on Strategic Stage (business and manufacturing aspects) and Maintenance Operations Stage (maintenance aspects). Each aspect contains KB rules attached with GAP analysis to assess the gap between current and prerequisite condition. AHP analysis is then deployed to compare those aspects structurally in a pair-wise manner to identify the critical ones to be rectified. This hybrid KB system is useful in reviewing the existing maintenance system performance and provides reasonable recommendations to improve maintenance performance with respect to business and manufacturing perspectives. Eventually, it indicates the roadmap from the current state to the benchmark goals for the maintenance system. This novel methodology of KBS/GAP/AHP to support maintenance decision is developed for a particular application in the automotive environment. The validation is conducted in two automotive companies in Indonesia and one published case study in an automotive company. The result confirms that the developed KB system can provide the valid, reasonable and consistent result to propose structured recommendation for maintenance improvement priority.

No description available.

International cooperation and foreign investment issues are two important components of an international economy. The various aspects of research related to such international cooperation and foreign investment decisions are fraught with various complex factors. In this thesis, we consider two specific issues in the arena of international technological cooperation and foreign investments, by using established Operations Research techniques of game theory and multiple criteria decision making. We first analyze regional technological cooperation mechanisms using classical game theory. A concept of regional technological cooperation is developed based on a cooperative game theoretic model, in which a plan of payoff distributions induces an agreement that is acceptable to each participant. Under certain conditions, the underlying game is shown to be convex, and hence to have a nonempty core with the Shapley value allocations belonging to the core. A compensation scheme is devised based on the Shapley value allocations, whereby participants who enjoy a greater payoff with respect to the technological cooperation compensate the participants who receive a relatively lesser payoff via cooperation. In this manner, regional technological cooperation can bring overall benefits to all the involved players in the game. Some insightful examples are provided to illustrate the methodological concept. Next, we discuss a model for analyzing foreign direct investment opportunities and for evaluating related projects based on the International Investment Attracting Force Theory and the technology of fuzzy evaluation. This model is applied to assess the industrial investment projects that were proposed in the â â 95 China's Tumen River Area International Investment and Business Forumâ funded by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization. Accordingly, the projects are classified into groups based on their potential to attract foreign investors. Furthermore, we simulate the actual forming process whereby projects are sequenced and selected for funding by foreign investors based on a sequential update of their effect on the local economy. The results provide a scientific basis for formulating related decisions and policy recommendations regarding the various proposed projects. / Master of Science

Yes / Risk Management is one of the most relevant approaches and systematic applications of strategies, procedures and practices management that have been introduced in literatures for identifying and analysing risks which exist through the whole life of a product ,a process or services. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a risk assessment model that will be implemented to the energy sector, particularly to power plants. This model combines the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique with a new enhanced Balance Score Card (BSC). AHP is constructed to determine the weights and the priorities for all perspectives and risk indicators that involved in the BSC. The novelty in this paper is not only in using the BSC for risk assessment, but also, in developing a new BSC with six perspectives, which are sustainability perspective; economic; learning and growth; internal and operational business process; supply chain and customer/demand perspective. Another three contributions of this paper are firstly, including the sustainability dimension in BSC, and covering nine risk categories, which comprise 84 risk indicators that have been distributed across the six risk BSC perspectives. Secondly, assessing the non-technical risks in power plants and finally, this research will concentrate on the strategic level instead of the operational level where the majority of researches focus on latter but the former is far less researched. The created model will provide an effective measurement for the risks particularly, in the power plants sector. The results of this study demonstrate that the supply chain risks perspective is the keystone for the decision making process. Furthermore, these risk indicators with the new structure of BSC with six perspectives, help in achieving the organisation mission and vision in addition to affording a robust risk assessment model. The inputs of this model are composed from a previous stage using a modified Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) (which has been used the Exponential Weighted Geometric Mean (EWGM)) to understand and analyse all risks, after which, the results of the developed FMEA which are the Risk Priority Numbers (RPN’s), have been used to build the AHP-BSC risk model. These risks are collected with difficulty from various literatures. This study will be validated in the next stage in power plants in the Middle East. / Hashemite University, Jordan