As transformações advindas com a modernidade e com a pós-modernidade alteraram de forma significativa a relação entre as gerações mais novas e as mais velhas. Nas sociedades tradicionais, havia uma hierarquia entre o saber adulto, pautado no passado e na tradição, e a aceitação deste saber por parte dos mais novos. A contemporaneidade e seus discursos fornecem um cenário bastante diferente, no qual a adolescência é tida como ideal, a velocidade das transformações são espantosas e o novo, o moderno, têm seu lugar de destaque nos valores do homem contemporâneo. Neste sentido, imagens solidificadas pelo tempo e pela tradição se alteram, trazendo reflexos nas relações entre jovens e adultos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a imagem de adulto que os adolescentes de hoje carregam, a partir da avaliação que os últimos fazem dos adultos de hoje, do sentido que os jovens atribuem a este lugar e do que valorizam em um adulto. Participaram da pesquisa um total de 520 alunos do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e particulares e o instrumento utilizado consistiu em um questionário com 24 questões, cada qual contendo quatro opções de respostas, e duas questões abertas. Os resultados demonstraram uma tendência dos jovens a avaliarem negativamente os adultos em relação a suas atuações na esfera pública (política, meio ambiente, educação e mídia) e a desconfiarem da capacidade dos adultos quanto àqueles atributos tradicionalmente referidos a este lugar (confiança, sabedoria, modelo a ser seguido, ética) e, no entanto, 63% dos sujeitos acreditaram dever obediência aos adultos de hoje. O dinheiro, o desemprego e a competição no mundo do trabalho mostraram-se como uma das preocupações mais importantes dos adultos de hoje e dos jovens em relação ao futuro. Aparentemente, a imagem do adulto, lugar de saber e de guia dos mais novos não apresenta a consistência que tinha no passado e poucos parecem ser os modelos passíveis de admiração disponíveis aos jovens hoje. O significado de ser adulto e de ocupar este lugar parece tender a um trabalho e a uma construção exclusivamente pessoal e individual. / The transformations took place during modernity and post-modernity changed in a significant way the relationship between the younger and older generations. In traditional societies, there was a hierarchy between the adult knowledge, based on past and tradition, and the acceptance of this knowledge by the younger people. The contemporary and its discourses provide a different scenario indeed, in which the adolescence is taken as an ideal, the speed of transformations is astonishing and the new, the modern has a predominant place in the values of the contemporary man. In that sense, images solidified by time and tradition change, altering relationships between young people and adults. The aim of this work was to investigate the image of adulthood that todays adolescents have, from the evaluation that they make of todays adults, from the sense that young people have of this place and from what they value in an adult. Participated in the research a total of 520 students from public and private high schools and the tool consisted of a questionnaire with 24 questions, each containing four options, and two open questions. The results reveal a tendency from young people to evaluate negatively the adults concerning their performances in the public sphere (political, environment, education and media) and question the adults capacity on those attributes traditionally attributed to that place (confidence, wisdom, model to be followed, ethical) and, nevertheless, 63% of individuals believed to owe obedience to todays adults. Money, unemployment and competition for jobs in the world were revealed as some of the greatest concerns of todays adults and of young people about their future. Apparently, the image of an adult, place of knowledge and guide for the younger ones doesnt show the consistency that it had in the past and few seem to be the possible models of admiration available for today\'s young people. The meaning of being an adult and occupying that place seems to lean toward a work and a construction exclusively personal and individual.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar os projetos, sonhos e aspirações de jovens das camadas populares da cidade de Belo Horizonte/MG. Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, iniciado em 2007, quando foram realizadas entrevistas acerca do tema com vinte e seis jovens estudantes. No ano de 2013, novas entrevistas foram feitas com quatro desses sujeitos, para analisar mais profundamente a história de constituição de seus projetos, sonhos e aspirações: como surgiram, as transformações pelas quais passaram ao longo dos anos e os destinos que lhes foram dados. O método de pesquisa empregado foram as narrativas autobiográficas colhidas em situação de entrevista. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a uma análise de conteúdo, sendo o referencial teórico-metodológico utilizado a psicologia cultural, através dos trabalhos de Jerome Bruner, e a psicossociologia, com contribuições de Jean-Pierre Boutinet e outros autores. Quando convidados a narrarem suas histórias de vida e como os projetos, aspirações e sonhos nelas se inserem, os jovens destacaram processos vividos junto a seus familiares, amigos, colegas de trabalho e dos tempos de escola, parceiros amorosos e educadores. As significações conferidas a tais processos foram diversas, assumindo conotações tanto positivas quanto negativas. A família foi, de modo geral, descrita como aquela que fornece aos jovens alguns dos valores que estes têm como mais preciosos, sendo o grupo de pertencimento do qual eles mais esperam apoio para a construção e realização de seus projetos de vida. Expectativa esta nem sempre correspondida. As experiências vividas na escola e/ou a partir dela foram reconhecidas por todos como necessárias à conquista de seus sonhos. Ao mesmo tempo, as instituições públicas em que estudaram alguns entrevistados foram criticadas pela má qualidade do ensino oferecido e por serem palco de situações de desrespeito e humilhação sofridas pelos alunos. Os jovens também fizeram referência a determinadas pessoas (amigos, namorados e parentes, principalmente) com os quais se identificam em alguma medida e que lhes fornecem parâmetros norteadores para a construção de seus projetos. Em alguns casos, mesmo que a convivência com tais pessoas seja rarefeita, elas acabam influenciando de forma decisiva a vida dos jovens, através de conselhos, da disponibilização de informações ou simplesmente porque colocam os jovens em contato com modos de ser e de viver muito distintos daqueles com os quais estão habituados. As possibilidades descortinadas pelo acesso a estes outros mundos instiga alguns dos jovens a querer percorrer certos caminhos (formativos e profissionais) que antes julgavam inacessíveis. A relação que todos os jovens estabelecem com o universo do trabalho, iniciada na infância ou adolescência, é tida por eles como um elemento organizador de suas vidas presentes e futuras. As experiências laborais são valorizadas na medida em que lhes garantem independência financeira no presente, aprendizados necessários à obtenção de uma melhor colocação no mercado de trabalho no futuro e a possibilidade de serem reconhecidos como trabalhadores e honestos, algo transmitido por suas famílias como valor essencial desde a mais tenra idade. Os jovens deixam claro que contam com poucas fontes de apoio para planejar suas vidas, sendo alguns de seus relacionamentos mais importantes (com a mãe e o pai, por exemplo) marcados pela falta de diálogo e proximidade afetiva. Outros desafios destacados foram a escassez de recursos financeiros e as situações nas quais se sentem explorados ou discriminados / This study aimed to investigate the projects, dreams and aspirations of young people from lower classes of the city of Belo Horizonte/MG. This is a longitudinal study, begun in 2007, when twenty-six adolescents were interviewed on the subject. In 2013, new interviews were conducted with four of them, to deeper examine the history of the constitution of their projects, dreams and aspirations: how they were created, the transformations undergone and the destinations they were given. Autobiographical narratives collected through semi structured interviews was the research method used throughout the process. The data were subjected to content analysis, and the theoretical and methodological framework used was cultural psychology, such as the work of Jerome Bruner, social psychology, with contributions from Jean-Pierre Boutinet and other authors. When asked to narrate their life stories and how the projects, aspirations and dreams take part, the participants pointed processes lived with their families, friends, coworkers and romantic partners and educators. The meanings assigned to such processes were different, assuming both positive and negative connotations. The family was generally described as the one that provides young people with some of the values that they consider the most precious, and the group of belonging from which they expect support for the construction and attainment of their life projects, an expectation not always fulfilled. The experiences lived during school and / or after it were recognized by all as necessary to conquer their dreams. At the same time, the public institutions in which studied some respondents were criticized for the poor quality of education offered and for the occurrence of situations of disrespect and humiliation suffered by students. The participants also made reference to people (mostly friends, romantic partners and relatives) with whom they identify in some extent that provide guiding parameters for building projects. Even in some cases, when living with such people was rare, they decisively influenced their lives through counseling, providing information or simply because they put them in touch with ways of being and living very different from those with which they are used. The opening to these \"other worlds\" instigated some of the participants to follow some paths (formative and professional) conceived before as inaccessible. The relationship that all participants maintain with the work sphere, begun in childhood or adolescence, is regarded by them as an organizing element of their present and future lives. The work experiences are valued as give them financial independence at the present, knowledge necessary to obtain a better work position in the future and the possibility of being considered laborious and honest, something transmitted by their families as a fundamental value since their childhood. The participants revealed that they have few sources of support to plan their lives, and some of their most important relationships (with their parents, for example) are marked by a lack of dialogue and affective proximity. Other challenges highlighted were the lack of financial resources and some situations in which they feel exploited or discriminated

Research is increasingly attempting to understand the developmental nature of depressive symptomology and its links with executive functioning (EF), repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and stress (e.g., Snyder & Hankin, 2016). Prospective studies are needed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying these associations. This study investigated whether EFs can predict changes in RNT, stress and depressive symptoms during a period of stress. One hundred and two undergraduates completed questionnaires measuring life events, trait and state RNT, depressive and anxious symptoms as well as behavioural EF tasks of cognitive switching and inhibitory control at baseline (Time 1). Follow-up questionnaires of RNT, stress, depression and anxiety were gathered approximately two months later (Time 2), during students’ formal examinations, a period of naturally elevated stress. Findings indicated no association between EF and RNT, depression or anxiety but found that the interaction between high levels of trait RNT and low levels of EF (switching) at baseline was a significant predictor of change in state RNT under stress. Findings are discussed in light of current research attempting to unpick associations between EF, RNT and depression in young adults.

Master of Science / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Joyce Baptist / There is a need for culturally sensitive clinical interventions for substance use disorders. Parental modeling, peer alcohol use, and depression are related to alcohol use, but have not been specifically examined among Latin American adolescents and young adults in the U.S. The purpose of this study is to examine contributing factors to alcohol use in Latin American adolescents and young adults in the U.S. Participants included 400 Hispanic and Latino adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Results from a path analysis suggested that parent and peer alcohol use are associated with adolescent alcohol use and that adolescent alcohol use mediates the relationship between peer alcohol use and young adult alcohol use. Clinical and research implications are described.

Fältstudiens syfte har varit att analysera och beskriva jämställdhets effekter på den unga generationen i dagens Rwanda. Min uppsats utfördes med en kvalitativ ansats där intervjuer har varit centrala som metod för att samla in mitt material och data. Jag har intervjuat unga vuxna kvinnor som är entreprenör eller i ledare position. Mitt resultat erhålls genom deras berättelser och upplevelser om jämställdheten i Rwanda.  Rwanda har haft en stor representation av kvinnor i parlamentet vilket har i sin tur påverkat dessa unga kvinnor. Genom mina intervjuer har jag kommit fram till att Kvinnor i Rwanda tar mer plats som aldrig förr. Sammanfattningsvis har Rwanda gjort en stor skillnad för deras kvinnor. Den stora representationen av kvinnor i höga positioner har haft en bra inverkan på nästa generation och har inspirerat dem att drömma stort. Även om Rwanda har kommit långt när det gäller jämställdhet, utmaningar finns fortfarande och hela arbetet är inte gjort.

abstract: The true number of food borne illness occurrences that stem from the home is largely unknown, but researchers believe the number is much greater than represented in national data. The focus on food safety has generally been directed at food service establishments, which have made great strides at improving the methods of how their food is prepared. However, that same drive for proper food safety education is lacking in home kitchens, where the majority of food is prepared. Young adults are among some of the riskiest food preparers, and limited research and education methods have been tested on this vulnerable population. This study examined the effect of a basic food safety intervention on consumer food safety knowledge in young adults in the United States (U.S.) over a week period. The study had a pre/post survey design, where participants answered a survey, watched a short 10-minute video, and then recompleted the same survey a week later. Ninety-one participants age 18-29 years completed the initial food safety knowledge questionnaire. Twenty-six of those participants completed both the pre- and post-intervention food safety knowledge questionnaires. A paired t-test was used to analyze changes in questionnaire scores pre/post intervention. The majority of participants were female (78.9%), Arizona State University (ASU) students (78.0%), did not have any formal food safety education (58.2%), prepared a minimum of one meal per week from home (96.7%), and had completed 0-1 college nutrition courses (64.8%). The average overall score for all participants who completed the initial questionnaire was 62.6%. For those that took both the initial questionnaire and the follow up questionnaire (n=26), their scores shifted from 66.8% to 65.5% after the intervention. Scores increased significantly only for one question post-intervention: 38.5% (n=10) to 53.8% (n=14) for the safest method for cooling a large pot of hot soup (p = 0.050). This was the first study of its kind to test a video intervention in attempts to increase food safety knowledge in young adults, and additional studies must be done to solidify the results of this study. Other means of education should be explored as well to determine the best way of reaching this population and others. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Nutrition 2019

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are ailments that have a social and political impact in the U.S. Since their discovery more than three decades ago, there has been an intense focus on eradicating these deadly diseases. Although there has been a lot of progress in the fight against HIV and AIDS, there are communities still disproportionately affected by it. Based on data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), one such community is young adults age 20 to 24 (CDC, 2016a). These young adults are at the focal center of the HIV/AIDS epidemic for various reasons; yet, this group is often overlooked in HIV literature and prevention/intervention strategies. Additionally, this community is known for inconsistent condom use, although there have been countless public service announcements (PSAs) and interventions promoting the use of condoms as a means of preventing not only unwanted pregnancy but the contraction of sexual transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS. The aim of the current study was to test a comprehensive moderated mediation model and assess factors associated with condom use among early young adults age 18 to 24 above and beyond known variables such as age, gender, and ethnicity/race. These variables included participants’ age of sexual debut, number of lifetime sexual partners, perceived threat of contracting STIs and HIV/AIDS, and exposure to cues to action as predictors of condom use. The decision to expand the study to assess condom use among early young adults (18 -24) as opposed to focusing exclusively on young adults (20 -24) was based on early young adults being less likely to be tested for HIV compared to other age groups (CDC, 2008). For the moderated mediation model, I drew on the health belief model (HBM) and tested whether 1) the relationship between sexual debut and condom use was mediated by number of lifetime sexual partnerships, and 2) the relationships between sexual debut and the mediator were moderated by perceived threat, and whether the relationships between the mediator and condom use was moderated by perceived threat and cues to action. The full model was not supported. The implication of this study is that more current research is needed to understand early young adults and their condom use, as they are a community that is most vulnerable to HIV/AIDS and a key component in the fight against this disease.

Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) is an important outcomes measure in cancer and there are specific issues depending on the site, stage, treatment and patient age. Although numerous instruments are available for cancer HRQOL, most are designed for adults, some for children, but none for adolescents and young adults (AYA) who have special age-specific concerns and poor improvement in survival compared with other age groups. An existing HRQOL instrument was modified to ensure its suitability for AYA, its validity, reliability and sensitivity were tested in Australians aged 16 to 25 years old diagnosed with cancer or a blood disorder. Varni’s PedsQLTM Measurement Model (13-18 year olds) was selected, modified then administered to families recruited from haematology/oncology clinics and wards at three Sydney Metropolitan Hospitals in person or by telephone. The Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale was used to categorise participants into groups reflecting sensitivity of symptom severity (slight, moderate and severe). The instruments demonstrated excellent internal consistency reliability, making them suitable for both group and individual comparisons. Clinical validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity were demonstrated by “known-groups” analysis, exploratory factor analysis and correlations, respectively. These new versions of the PedsQL Generic Core and Cancer Module are reliable, valid and sensitive measures of HRQOL in patients aged 16-25 years diagnosed with cancer or a blood disorder. The measures will soon be available for use as outcome measures in clinical trials and clinical practice with this age cohort in Australasia and internationally.

In the last thirty years there have been many research studies which have examined the reasons why adolescents and young adults engage in sexual behaviours. Most of these studies have lacked a theoretical basis, Consequently there are many links made between variables, but no consistency across studies, or attempts to develop an underlying theory to explain the results. However, there have been theoretical models developed to explain adolescents’ and young adults’ sexual decision making. Unfortunately, many of these models have not been empirically validated. This thesis attempts to address these deficiencies in the literature by utilising a theory of behaviour and applying it to adolescent and young adult sexual decision making. This theory is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Two longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the utility of an adaptation of the TPB to sexual decision making among adolescents and young adults. In the first study 58 adolescent males, aged between 14 years and 18 years participated in a longitudinal study using a questionnaire adapted from the Depth of Sexual Involvement Scale. In the second study, 194 young adults (156 female, 38 male) aged between 18 years and 21 years participated in a similar study. The first study found that intention to engage in behaviour was well predicted, although some of the variables in the model, did not in fact, contribute significantly to the prediction. The prediction of behaviour was less strong than that of intention. Study two found that intention to engage in behaviours was well predicted by the model. However, the degree to which intention led to behaviour was not well predicted. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that the TPB is a good theoretical basis from which to launch a systematic and theoretically informed explanation of adolescent and young adult sexual decision making. However, other factors may need to be added to the model to fully describe the decision making process and accurately predict behaviour. Suggestions are made for future research, as well as interventions that may arise as more knowledge is gathered using this paradigm.

<p>Sverige är ett mångkulturellt land och forskningsområdet kring hur det är att leva med två kulturer är viktig att belysa. Denna studies fokus riktas mot hur unga vuxna upplever kopplingen mellan den personliga och etniska identiteten. En kvalitativ undersökning genomfördes med 16 intervjuer. Respondenterna levde i den svenska samt en utomeuropeisk kultur. Resultatet visade att deltagarna upplever sig som en blandning av de två erfarna kulturerna och att den etniska identiteten upplevs som stark. Svårigheter hos deltagarna låg i den personliga identiteten som påverkas av att ha en etnisk identitet. Den personliga identiteten var vacklande bland annat på grund av en svår anpassningsprocess till båda kulturer. Studien bidrar framförallt med fördjupade kunskaper om den personliga identiteten.</p>