The present investigation assessed Health Belief Model (HBM) variables and a measure of physical activity for both younger and older adults. Results of discriminant analyses suggest HBM variables and physical activity can predict age-group membership with 89% accuracy. The younger sample (n = 88; M= 21.5 years) was significantly more anxious about aging, perceived more barriers to exercise, less control from powerful others, and more social support than the older sample (n = 56; M = 71.8 years). For the younger sample, those who perceived more benefits of exercise, had social support, were male, and were less anxious about aging were more active. For the older sample, those who perceived more benefits of exercise were more likely to be active.

There is nothing new about the utilization of the arts, generally speaking, as a method of facilitation. It is used not only in the context of the performing arts such as dance, drama and music, but particularly too in painting, sculpture, pottery, weaving, and a number of other art media and types. Yet all of these use a hands-on approach whereby it is expected of the participants to be active in the act of creation or performing. Of these, music stands out as an art form that can be used in a non-performance mode, and where a passive engagement with the completed work of art receives the focus. No such approach seems to have been suggested, described or developed for the visual arts. This study suggests and researches exactly that: the use of visual art works without involving a hands-on creative process, in a psycho-educational facilitative programme. This process is described as an isomorphic identification with the work of art, and the research design has been characterised by the relative novelty of the suggested approach towards intervention and stress facilitation outlined in this thesis. Although the term isomorphic identification is not of uncommon usage, it appears only very rarely in literature, and then in context with very recent work only to be found on the Internet. Undeniably, the occurrence of unhealthy stress levels in any population is on the increase. This research focuses on the way that stress impacts on the lives of young adults, particularly students, who share two common denominators; clearly identifiable unhealthy stress levels, and an academic background in which an art appreciation or an art history course was a part of their academic curriculum. The stated goal of this research is to design, develop and describe a method of stress management using the visual arts in a psycho-educational programme. The approach to this study is qualitative, with the research design being based on the single case study with an emphasis on the trustworthiness of research findings. The explorative nature of this research is underlined as being extremely important, with the role of the researcher as central to this type of qualitative research emphasised at every stage of the research strategy. As an important characteristic of the psycho-educational nature of this research, approaches to theory construction and the evaluative research cycle are followed by a discussion on strategies to ensure trustworthiness, including an analysis of and discourse on ethical measures. Obviously the major focus falls on the development, application, analysis, interpretation and evaluation of the programme for the facilitative use of the visual arts as an intervention procedure. Emphasis is put on the idea that art does in actual fact serve a number of purposes, and that the (visual) arts do not exist merely for the sake of existing. The argument is tendered that (visual) art can serve the function of personal homeostasis via a number of varieties of visual experiences according to which art could be experienced and interpreted. The idea is advanced that art works contain a message that is embedded in the medium of the artwork, and that interactive participation through graded exposure should be deemed a cathartic experience of value to the participant. This in turn focuses attention on the narrative discourse made possible through the interactive viewing mentioned, which in turn could be used by the participants as a journey of discovery, which is part and parcel of the facilitation suggested. The psycho-educational theoretical model for use within the visual arts is based on a hierarchical flow of events by way of a three-tiered four-phase approach that shares some characteristics with existing art historical models. As a programme, isomorphism as a strategy of facilitation fits well into a Post-modern paradigm, as it focuses on a holistic stress management programme designed to be of benefit for the participants. / Prof. C.P.H. Myburgh

The purpose of this study was to examine family influences on career development and aspirations of young adults. Theories and research have examined the influence parents have on children's career development, but because of the multiple factors that influence career choices, understanding the family's influence is complex. The current study utilized ideas from self-determination, attachment, and career development theories to develop a framework for understanding how families influence young adult career development and aspirations. Rather than directly influencing career decisions, the family was proposed to influence processes within individuals that directly influence successful career development. This study used hierarchical regression analyses to test whether different aspects of family relationships and the family environment affect processes within young people, which in turn influence career development. A sample of 99 female and 34 male undergraduate students between 18 and 20 (mean age 18.67) completed questionnaires. Results support the idea that different aspects of the family influence diverse factors of career development and future aspirations. The achievement orientation of the family was predictive of career salience and extrinsic aspirations. Conflict with mothers was predictive of career salience, yet support and depth in the relationship with mothers and low amounts of conflict in the relationship with fathers were predictive of career maturity. High career salience was also predictive of career maturity. The hypothesis that factors play a mediating role between the family and career development variables was not supported. These findings suggest future research should assess multiple aspects of the family and multiple facets regarding career development to more fully understand this process. In addition, findings support the idea that career counselors should assess family functioning when helping young people in their career development journey.

There is extensive research on depression and interpersonal problems, but research has not addressed these concepts in relation to mutuality and human motivation. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to consider the associations between intimacy motivation and mutuality of closest relationships and how, when combined, the two connect to depressive experiences and the occurrence of interpersonal problems. Of the 7 original hypotheses suggested, 2 were supported while 5 were not. Perhaps the most interesting finding, and certainly the one with the most practical application, came from the two supported hypotheses. The analyses show that interpersonal problem subtypes are associated with specific depressive subtypes by operationalizing the demand/withdraw pattern of conflict. The exploratory findings also suggest a possible mediation of gender and depression by mutuality.

Orientador: Gilda Figueiredo Portugal Gouvêa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T10:38:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_MarinaStefanide_D.pdf: 2205000 bytes, checksum: 45534f46853e48b44246d508dd872e97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Há décadas se discute a ineficiência da privação da liberdade como política no combate à criminalidade juvenil. O fracasso da política de encarceramento levado a cabo até a década de 80, que culminou com sangrentas rebeliões nas FEBENs paulistas, impulsionaram a adoção das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto. Entretanto, a trajetória de implementação e execução das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto não é livre de impasses e conflitos. São inúmeros os trabalhos na área a apontar para a execução de uma política burocrática, sendo o ciclo da implementação comumente considerado o grande vilão da política. Nesse contexto, essa tese analisa a implementação das medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no Estado de São de Paulo. Para tal, acompanhamos a execução da política em três municípios paulistas com portes diferenciados ¿ Ribeirão Preto, Franca, Patrocinio Paulista ¿ e que apresentam dilemas de gestão diversos. O objetivo da tese é demonstrar os impasses dessa política pública por meio da observação da sua implementação, vendo na atuação do burocrata de nível de rua um meio privilegiado de análise, local de encontro das normas burocráticas, das instituições, dos elementos contextuais, dos recursos públicos. Na análise dos documentos e leis que definem formalmente a política observamos lacunas e imprecisões, o que dá grande margem de atuação ao executor direto dessa política, o orientador de medida. Na observação dos contextos institucionais salta aos olhos a heterogeneidade de formatos nos municípios analisados, indicando grande peso dos fatores institucionais e organizacionais locais na definição da política. Portanto, os documentos do ciclo da elaboração da política socioeducativa em meio aberto fornecem somente diretrizes gerais, sendo que a política vai se acomodando aos contextos locais ao longo da cadeia de implementação. Entretanto, a observação das práticas dos burocratas executores da política nos leva novamente a fase de elaboração e constituição das políticas, uma vez que o maior constrangimento da ação dos burocratas no exercício da política é a fragilidade da política de juventude no Brasil. A política socioeducativa em meio aberto coloca sobre a atuação do orientador de medida grandes expectativas e abandona esse burocrata na difícil tarefa de resgatar jovens em situações de grande vulnerabilidade sem o apoio de uma efetiva política de juventude implantada, que abarque a educação, lazer, cultura, trabalho, profissionalização. Portanto, ainda que na análise da implementação da política socioeducativa em meio aberto tenha grande impacto os fatores institucionais e a atuação do burocrata de nível de rua, a pesquisa apontou como o grande vilão da política a ausência de uma política de juventude intersetorial implantada no país, a indicar aos jovens das classes populares que é possível uma trajetória de inserção virtuosa na excludente sociedade brasileira / Abstract: The inefficiency of imprisonment as the policy in combating youth crime has been discussed for decades. The failure of incarceration policy carried out until the 80s, culminating in bloody riots in São Paulo FEBENs, boosted the adoption of rehabilitation measures without freedom restraint. Nevertheless, the trajectory of implementation and enforcement of open social and educational measures is not free of deadlock and conflicts. There are numerous studies in the field aiming the execution of bureaucratic politics, being the implementation cycle commonly considered the great villain of the policy. In this context, this thesis analyzes the implementation of open socio-educational measures in São Paulo State. For this purpose, it was monitored the implementation of the policy in three different sized São Paulo counties, which feature several management dilemmas ¿ Ribeirão Preto, Franca, Patrocínio Paulista. The aim of this paper is to show the impasse of this public policy through observation of its implementation, seeing in the street-level bureaucrat action a privileged means of analysis, venue of bureaucratic rules, institutions, contextual elements, public resources. In the analysis of documents and laws that define the policy in a formal way, gaps and inaccuracies have been observed, which gives the executor responsible for this policy, called the implementer of policy, wide scope for action. While observing the institutional contexts it is glaringly obvious the heterogeneity of formats in the selected municipalities, indicating great importance of institutional and organizational factors in the local policy setting. Therefore, the documents concerning the preparation process of the rehabilitation policy in an open environment provide only general guidelines, and the policy will settle down to local contexts throughout the implementation chain. However, the observation of the public policy bureaucrats executors¿ practices leads again to the preparation and establishment of policies, since the main constraint of the action of bureaucrats in the exercise of policy is the weakness of youth policy in Brazil. The socio-educational policy without freedom restraint places high expectations on the performance of the implementer of policy and it is entrusted to this bureaucrat the difficult task of rescuing the young from very vulnerable situations without the support of an implemented effective youth policy, which encompasses education, leisure, culture, work and professionalization. Hence, although the institutional factors and the performance of the street-level bureaucrat have great impact on the analysis of the implementation of socio-educational policy in an open environment, the survey indicated as the major obstacle of this policy the absence of an implemented intersectoral youth policy in the country, in order to show young people of the lower classes the possibility of a positive integration in the exclusive Brazilian society / Doutorado / Ciencias Sociais / Doutora em Ciências Sociais

abstract: The members of Generation Z are often referred to as "digital natives," having been born between 1995–2012, into a time of significant technological advancements. Members of Generation Z were between the ages of 7–24 years old in 2019. The world Generation Z knows has been impacted by the current technological environment including the use of personal smartphones and smart devices, the rise in social media use, and the preference of texting and instant messaging over voice/phone communications. The oldest members of Generation Z are just starting to enter the workforce. While there are studies on Generation Z's personal communication preferences and habits, there is very little research how these preferences and habits will impact business communication. This study examines specifically the older members of Generation Z, between ages 18–24 years old, who are currently in the workforce. The study gives insight into how Generation Z's personal communication habits are impacting their expectations of business communication.. The study includes results of a survey of 207 participants and in-depth interviews with six Generation Z members. The survey included both quantitative multiple choice and qualitative open-ended questions on the respondents’ personal and workplace communication habits and expectations. The in-depth interviews expanded on the findings of the survey and added additional context to many of the survey's findings. Through researching the habits and expectations of members of Generation Z who are currently in the workplace, the study uncovered many unexpected attitudes and behaviors among working Generation Z respondents. These insights include: the respondents’ awareness of the negatives of technology usage, differences in personal preferences and professional behaviors, the self-regulation of technology usage, and the concern for boundaries between personal and work life. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Technical Communication 2020

”Socionomers syn på bemötande i relation till unga vuxna”. En kvalitativ studie av socialt arbete i Malmö. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socionomprogrammet, 2020.Syftet med denna studien är att beskriva hur socionomer bemöter unga vuxna i Malmö. Studien undersöker hur socionomer i Malmö förhåller sig till olika aspekter av bemötande och vilken betydelse bemötandet har, särskilt för att skapa en god relation mellan klienten och den professionelle, samtidigt som uppsatsen belyser utmaningar som socionomer ställs inför i sin arbetssituation. Empirin samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer av kuratorer och socialtjänsthandledare. Vidare har jag använt mig av professionsetik, pliktetik och dygdetik som teoretiska utgångspunkter. Den insamlade empirin har analyserats utifrån de tre valda teorierna samt tidigare forskning och bakgrund. Resultatet visar att en god relation byggs genom att socionomen har förståelsen kring bemötandets innebörd och förhåller sig till bemötandet av klienten genom att förstå vikten av kommunikation. Språket, att vara lyhörd, tydlig och respektfull är betydelsefullt i bemötandet. Det framkommer också att socionomen har ett ansvar att följa etiska riktlinjer och förhållningssätt, men samtidigt måste socionomen använda sig av personlig närvaro i sitt relationskapande utan att vara privat. Informanterna bekräftar vikten av att förstå och hantera den makt en socionom ofta besitter i relationen till klienten. Medvetenhet om maktpositionens betydelse i relationen sågs som viktig. / The purpose of this study is to describe how social workers approach young adults in Malmö. It examines the different aspects of the approach and its significance, especially in order to establish a good relationship between the professional and the client, while at the same time highlighting the challenges that social workers face. The essay was compiled through five semi-structured interviews by counselors and social services workers. Furthermore, theoratical points of departure are proffesionethics, duty ethics and virtue ethics. The empirical data collected has been analyzed on the basis of the three chosen theories as well as previous research and background. The result shows that a good relationship is built by the social worker having an understanding of the meaning of the care and understanding the importance of listening, being clear, and being respectful towards the client. Also, the social worker has a responsibility to follow ethical guidelines and attitudes, but at the same time must make use of personal presence in building the relationship without being too personal. The participants confirm the importance of understanding and managing the power that a social worker often possesses in the relationship with the client. Awareness of this issue was seen as important.

This is a qualitative study based on interviews held with three professionals working in the field of Animal Assisted therapy. The study looks at the effect of Animal Assisted therapy in work with people experiencing different issues or health problems, mainly children and young adults. The purpose has been to get an understanding of the work and the different relations that occur in sessions using animals and how the participation of an animal in the session can be beneficial in the healing process. The results have been related to previous research and analysed using the Attachment theory and the Self-Determination Theory.Animals are known for spreading calmness and help with self-esteem, things that can be very useful in work with humans. The animals become a bridge to create a relationship and a trust between caregiver and client which leads to faster being able to get started with the therapeutic work. In the field of social work the caregiver will come in contact with people with all different sorts of history and need for help and support. This study shows positive effects of Animal Assisted therapy in multiple different settings and target groups. This should be reason enough for the method to be a solid part of the social work practice. Despite this, the method is not as established as the caregivers in the field would have wished. They all report seeing great advantages in using animals in their work and a high recovery rate with their clients. This is also seen in the studies made in the field.

It is widely acknowledged that a team approach is preferred practice and contributes to optimizing the surgical, dental, speech and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP).Young adulthood often marks the transition from child-centered interdisciplinary care to adult-centered care. There is a paucity in literature relating to the transition of care for young adults with CLP. The purpose of this survey research is therefore to explore the CLP team practices regarding young adults with CLP. An exploratory, descriptive design with quantitative analysis was used to explore what services are provided by CLP teams to young adults with CLP. An exploratory design was deemed appropriate due tolimited research available on the provision of team services for young adults with CLP. An online survey was used as the method of data collection to determine the number of teams providing services to this population, the types of services provided, and the perceived needs of young adults receiving CLP team services. 71 participants of (18.4%) responded to the survey. The low response rate is typical of survey research, despite three invitations to participate. However, the topic elicited global responses, from North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia, which is indicative of the importance of transition of care for young adults with CLP. 46 Participants responded to the question regarding their perceived needs of young adults with CLP. It appears that the characteristics of young adults with CLP (i.e., appearance, self-acceptance, social attitudes, social experiences, employment, starting a family, hearing and speech) are perceived to occur universally and that concerns about appearance is most frequent, followed by speech were important needs recognized by the teams. 56% of teams that responded to that they discharge young adults between 18-22 years, which confirms the expected results. However, an unexpected finding is that 37% of team’s complete treatment or never discharge patients. 35.5% of the respondents described the services provided, which existed of plastic and reconstructive surgery (98%), oral and maxilla facial surgery (86%), orthodontics (90%) and speech therapy (78%) with 50% indicating that they also provided other services. This confirms the perceptions of the needs of young adults with CLP since the high frequency of surgery and orthodontics address the concerns regarding appearance and speech therapy addresses the frequently perceived concern regarding speech. Continued team care is crucial for young adults with CLP to address their adult needs and improve their QoL.The results from this survey research will increase awareness of the importance of the transition from child to adult team care. Recommendations for further research will be discussed.

This study examined the relationship between interpersonal decentering and symptoms of psychopathology among 48 clients from the Psychology Clinic at the University of North Texas. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised (SCL-90-R®) instrument were administered to clients along with demographic packets. Interpersonal decentering was assessed using Melvin Feffer's Interpersonal Decentering Scoring System for the TAT. It was hypothesized that higher scores of global symptom severity would be associated with lower scores of interpersonal decentering. Higher scores of paranoid ideation, psychoticism, and hostility were also hypothesized to be associated with lower scores of interpersonal decentering. Results did not support these hypotheses. However, exploratory analyses revealed a significant correlation between higher scores of phobic anxiety and lower scores of interpersonal decentering. Results also provided information regarding the three methods for calculating interpersonal decentering summary scores.