Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-11T14:41:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JhessicaLAL_DISSERT.pdf: 2402550 bytes, checksum: dbcac7e10ad01ec1cfe673931eabdabd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-26 / The knowledge of legislation on the mistreatment of animals is the utmost importance for a possible prevention against abuse these. Lack of population knowledge about animal rights implies the absence of rights of claim with the public authorities. The 1988 Federal Constitution, in Article 225, paragraph 1, item VII, recognizes that animals are living beings endowed with rights by imposing on society and left to the State the duty to respect life, body liberty and their physical integrity, in addition to expressly prohibiting practices that cause the extinction or subject to any animal cruelty. The approach about the protective laws of the animal acquires importance of interdisciplinary nature covering animal rights in all aspects, also including public health. Research that can discuss animal rights and contribute to the academic and social knowledge are relevant. As a result, this project proposes to conduct a study on the knowledge of the legislation on animal abuse. The study was conducted within the city of Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte and conducted by literature and field research, through the application of 1,572 questionnaires to the largest population of eighteen years of age. It was obtained as a result that 51.84% of respondents are guardians of livestock, while 48.16% are not. About what responsible ownership, is 24.81% answered that they know what it is, while 75.19% said they do not know what it is. Of those surveyed, 68,00% know what would be animal welfare and 32.00% do not know. Furthemore, 84.92% answered that they know what constitutes ill-treatment of animals, while 15.08% said they did not know what would. Asked whether they observe stray animals in squares and streets, 94.72% answered positively, while 5.28% answered negatively. On the question of the existence of legal protection for pets, 58.97% answered yes, while 41.03% said they did not know of the existence of legal protection. With regard to knowledge of the population of Mossoró/RN on pet protection laws, 19.15% said they know the laws and 80.85% said they are unaware. About the penalty for those who mistreat domestic animals, research has obtained the following results: 11.32% said it would be worth the detention of three months to one year and a fine; 3.50% said it would be imprisonment from three months to one year and a fine; 12.15% said it would be a fine; 3.18% said it would be worth it to provide services to the community; and 69.85% do not know what the penalty for mistreating an animal is. In conclusion, it suggests that the population of Mossoró/RN is unaware of the law on animal abuse / O conhecimento acerca da legislação sobre os maus-tratos com animais é de extrema importância para uma possível prevenção contra os abusos cometidos a esses. A falta de conhecimento da população sobre os direitos dos animais implica na ausência de reivindicação de direitos junto às autoridades públicas. A Constituição Federal de 1988, em seu artigo 225, §1º, inciso VII, reconhece que os animais são seres vivos dotados de direitos, impondo a sociedade e ao Estado o dever de respeitar a vida, a liberdade corporal e a integridade física deles, além de proibir expressamente as práticas que provoquem a extinção ou submetam à crueldade qualquer animal. A abordagem acerca das legislações protetivas dos animais adquire importância de cunho interdisciplinar abarcando os direitos dos animais em todos os aspectos, incluindo também a saúde pública. Pesquisas que possam discutir os direitos dos animais, contribuindo para o conhecimento acadêmico e social são relevantes. Em vista disso, o presente projeto se propõe a realizar um estudo sobre o conhecimento acerca da legislação sobre os maus-tratos com animais. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no âmbito do Município de Mossoró, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e realizado mediante pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo, através da aplicação de 1.572 questionários junto à população maior de dezoito anos de idade. Obteve-se como resultado que 51,84% dos pesquisados são guardiões de animais domésticos, enquanto 48,16% não são. Sobre saber o que é guarda responsável, 24,81% responderam que sabem o que é, enquanto que 75,19% responderam que não sabem do que se trata. Dos pesquisados, 68,00% sabem o que seria bem-estar animal e 32,00% não sabem. Por sua vez, 84,92% responderam que sabem o que se constitui maus-tratos aos animais, enquanto que 15,08% afirmaram não saber o que seria. Questionados sobre se observam animais soltos em praças e ruas, 94,72% responderam positivamente, enquanto que 5,28% responderam negativamente. Quanto a saber da existência de proteção legal aos animais domésticos, 58,97% responderam afirmativamente, enquanto que 41,03% disseram não saber da existência de proteção legal. Com relação ao conhecimento da população de Mossoró/RN acerca das leis de proteção aos animais domésticos, 19,15% afirmaram que conhecem as leis e 80,85% afirmaram que desconhecem. Sobre a penalidade para quem maltrata animais domésticos, a pesquisa obteve os seguintes resultados: 11,32% disseram que seria pena de detenção, de três meses a um ano, e multa; 3,50% disseram que seria pena de reclusão, de três meses a um ano, e multa; 12,15% disseram que seria pena de multa; 3,18% disseram que seria pena de prestação de serviços à comunidade; e 69,85% não sabem qual a pena para quem maltrata um animal. Como conclusão, tem-se que a população de Mossoró/RN desconhece a legislação sobre maus-tratos com animais

This thesis explores the relationships between punk and anarchism in the contemporary contexts of the UK, Poland, and Indonesia from an insider punk and anarchist perspective. New primary ethnographic information forms the bulk of the research, drawing on Grounded Theory Method and an engagement with Orientalism. The theoretical framework is informed by the concept of antinomy which embraces complication and contradiction and rather than attempt to smooth-out complexities, impose a simplified narrative, or construct a fanciful dialectic, the thesis examines the numerous tensions that emerge in order to critique the relationships between punk and anarchism. A key tension which runs throughout the PhD is the dismissal of punk by some anarchists. This is often couched in terms of lifestylist versus workerist anarchism, with punk being denigrated in association with the former. The case studies bring out this tension, but also significantly complicate it, and the final chapter analyses this issue in more detail to argue that punk engages with a wide spectrum of anarchisms, and that the lifestylist / workerist dichotomy is anyway false. The case studies themselves focus on themes such as anti-fascism, food sovereignty/animal rights activism, politicisation, feminism, squatting, religion, and repression. New empirical information, garnered through numerous interviews and extensive participant observation in the UK, Poland, and Indonesia, informs the thick description of the case study contexts. The theory and analysis emerge from this data, and the voice of the punks themselves is given primacy here.

L'éthique de J. Rachels, qu'il en viendra à présenter comme un utilitarisme « à stratégies multiples », concilie la maximisation du bien-être global sur Terre avec une attention pour la variété des éléments qui le composent. De plus, le jugement moral relève des caractéristiques pertinentes des individus impliqués, eu égard au traitement envisagé, et non des espèces auxquelles ils appartiennent. Un tel Individualisme Moral fait donc dépendre le bénéfice de considérations morales, non plus seulement de facultés mentales développées, mais d'une variété de capacités, telle la sensibilité, dont sont dotés de nombreux animaux. À travers cela, l'auteur s'oppose, plus fondamentalement, à la tendance en éthique à vouloir poser des limites a priori à l'ensemble des êtres susceptibles de bénéficier de considérations morales pour eux-mêmes (les patients moraux). Ces limites sont généralement rapprochées de capacités telles que la rationalité ou la sensibilité – tout ce qui existe au-delà de cette « frontière » présentant une valeur moindre ou étant réduit à l'état de chose. Pour Rachels, en revanche, le statut moral ne dépend pas d'une caractéristique unique à portée générale : nous devrions plutôt convenir qu'il existe une variété de critères pertinents pour une variété de circonstances. C'est dans le cadre de cette réflexion autour de la considérabilité morale des objets de la nature, outre ses travaux sur l'euthanasie, que l'auteur publie Created from Animals: the Moral Implications of Darwinism (1990). « Darwinisme » s'entend ici comme une pensée tant proche de celle de C. Darwin en son temps qu'informée des derniers progrès dans notre compréhension de l'évolution des espèces, où la sélection naturelle joue un rôle clef : une pensée du changeant, du progressif et de la contingence qui succède à un monde ordonné et finalisé, où l'homme a une valeur spéciale, et à la conception essentialiste des espèces. Il ne s'agit rien plus que de s'assurer, sur le modèle d'une cohérence globale de la connaissance (naturalisme inspiré de W.O. Quine), de la compatibilité de la réflexion philosophique avec notre compréhension la plus complète des origines du vivant. Or, avec Darwin, plutôt que des ruptures brutales entre espèces, se découvre un motif complexe de similitudes et de différences qui reflète une ascendance commune. Un tel continuisme biologique, s'il n'en établit la fausseté, vient saper les bases de la « logique de frontières » sur le plan éthique, c'est-à-dire de cette stratégie consistant à justifier des régimes de traitement entièrement différents pour des individus d'espèces distinctes en arguant d'une radicale différence de nature. Cet argument essentiel consolide donc la pensée animaliste, notamment l'argument des « cas marginaux ». Mais on voit à travers lui que l'éthique animale elle-même est susceptible d'entretenir un biais anthropocentriste : étendu aux êtres sensibles, le statut moral demeure attaché à une caractéristique unique, que l'homme valorise d'autant plus volontiers qu'il en fait l'expérience intime. Cette démarche extensionniste ne ferait donc jamais que recréer de nouveaux critères d'exclusion, dont on peut désormais soupçonner le caractère arbitraire. Pour P. Taylor ou H. Rolston, en effet, une attitude de respect envers la vie en général n'a rien d'absurde. On devrait pouvoir envisager ainsi, dans le prolongement de la pensée de Rachels, de ne pas resserrer la communauté morale autour de la seule faculté sensible ; de mettre un terme au mouvement d'expansion de la communauté morale constaté à travers les siècles, non pas par une nouvelle frontière, mais en envisageant la dissolution de toute frontière. Ne rien considérer de ce qui appartient à la biosphère seulement comme une ressource, et se disposer à entretenir envers tout existant un rapport respectueux en adéquation avec ses propriétés réelles, en tenant compte de l'ensemble des circonstances : ce serait là le principe d'une « éthique de toutes choses ». / James Rachels' ethics, which he will finally present as a « multiple strategies utilitarianism », reconciles maximisation of global welfare on Earth and attention for the variety of elements which compose it. Furthermore, the moral judgement is related to the relevant characteristics of the individuals who are involved, in view of the considered treatment, not the species of which they belong. According to such Moral Individualism, the benefit of moral considerations will depend, not of developed mental faculties only, but of a variety of capacities, such as sensibility, which many animals have. Through this, the author opposes, more fundamentally, the tendency in ethics to define a priori limits to the beings which are likely to benefit from moral considerations for themselves (moral patients). These limits are generally associated with capacities such as rationality or sensibility – any existing being beyond this “frontier” having a lesser value or being reduced to a mere thing. For Rachels, however, moral status cannot depend on a unique characteristic with general scope: rather, it should be admitted that there is a variety of relevant criteria for a variety of circumstances. It is in the context of this reflection about the moral considerability of natural objects, besides his work on euthanasia, that the author publishes Created from Animals: the Moral Implications of Darwinism (1990). “Darwinism” shall be understood here both as a thought close to Darwin's in his days and informed of the last progresses in our understanding of species evolution, where natural selection plays a key role: ideas of changingness, gradualness and contingency are succeeding to an organized and finalized world where man has special value, and to the essentialist understanding of species. The point is nothing more than to ensure, on a global coherence of knowledge model (naturalism inspired by W.O. Quine), of the compatibility of the philosophical thinking with our most complete understanding of the origins of life. But now, after Darwin, rather than sharp breaks among species, we discover a complex pattern of resemblances as well as differences that reflect common ancestry. Such a biological continuism, if not proving its falsity, is undermining the basis of the “logic of frontiers” on the ethical field, that is to say, of this strategy which consists in justifying entirely different schemes of treatment for individuals belonging to distinct species by putting forward a radical difference in nature. This crucial argument makes stronger indeed the discourse in favour of animals, notably the argument from “marginal cases”. But we can see through this that animal ethics itself is likely to reproduce an anthropocentric bias: while extended to sentient beings, moral status remains associated with a unique characteristic that man is all the more likely to value since he experiences it intimately. This extensionnist approach, then, is nothing else than recreating new criteria of exclusion, which now we can suspect of being arbitrary. For P. Taylor or H. Rolston, indeed, a respectful attitude toward life in general is nothing like an absurdity. We should be able to consider then, in the wake of Rachels' thought, not to restrict the moral community to the sentient faculty only. And we should consider the possibility of putting an end to the expansion movement of the moral community observed throughout the centuries, not with another frontier, but in contemplating the dissolution of all frontiers. Do not consider anything of what belongs to the biosphere only as a resource, and be prepared to develop toward any being a respectful relationship in alignment with its real properties, taking into account the entirety of the circumstances: this would be the principle of an “everything ethics”.

Este trabalho trata da problemática questão de como os animais são concebidos na contemporaneidade onde são vistos como coisas, propriedade e moeda de troca. Sendo o ponto de partida para o seu desenvolvimento, responder ao problema de pesquisa, sendo este: A partir da análise da semelhança entre Direito e Literatura e frente à leitura de Flush, de Memória de um cão, de Virginia Woolf e Vidas Secas, através da cachorra Baleia, de Graciliano Ramos, é concebível repensar o animal na conjectura do Direito? Então, primeiramente, tratar-se de entender as semelhanças existentes entre Direito e Literatura, traçando uma linha em que se demonstre que, frente à figura do Direito Animal, a Literatura é um caminho viável para compreender a existência não-humana, nesta conjectura interdisciplinar prevalecerá o diálogo entre Direito e Literatura, através de suas semelhanças e como estas áreas confrontam-se diante a figura do animal. Afinal, referem-se estes, a dois olhares diferentes, duas lentes que são usadas distintamente para um mesmo objeto. De modo, que este trabalho tem como um dos principais objetivos demonstrar a possibilidade de que, ao invés de se olhar para os não-humanos pelas aparências, seja possível observar, com profundidade, para a essência da condição dos animais, no sentido de olhá-los buscando aquilo que, de fato são, mas também pretende alcançar à reflexão sobre a relação entre Direito e Literatura e apontar como suas lentes, para a questão animal, são diferentes. Enquanto o Direito prende-se ao sentido comum, numa herança cartesiana, a Literatura coloca o problema em outro ângulo e passa a vislumbrar o animal numa relação de troca com o ser humano, apontando para o fato de que existe relação entre humanos e não-humanos, olhando-os – animais - como seres dotados de consciência e vontade, independente do contexto social ao qual estejam inserido. Através de Flush e Baleia observar-se-á que a Literatura é um instrumento possível para ler a questão animal através do Direito. Para tal estudo, conta-se com a argumentação teórica de Dworkin (2000) e Derrida (2002), além da Análise de Conteúdo, feitas a partir de obras literárias - Flush, Memórias de um cão, de Virginia Woolf (2010) e Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos (2014). Por fim, apresentar-se-á um outro ponto de vista sobre os animais, tanto para dizer que o Direito, na atual formatação não é capaz de suprir toda a dificuldade que se envolta aos problemas, quanto para ampliar o leque de compreensões e ver, na Literatura, um meio de análise amplo para a reflexão da condição da vida, humana e não-humana. Uma lente, mais apurada capaz de olhar com nitidez para aqueles que aqui são objetos de estudo. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-04-29T18:01:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Daisa Rizzotto Rossetto.pdf: 1378967 bytes, checksum: 7c65924e3685297ef9df18bfaff935b7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T18:01:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Daisa Rizzotto Rossetto.pdf: 1378967 bytes, checksum: 7c65924e3685297ef9df18bfaff935b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-29 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS / This work deals with the problematic issue of how animals are designed in contemporary society which are seen as things, property and currency trading. As the starting point for its development, address the problem of research, being this: From the analysis of the similarity between law and literature and forward to reading Flush of a dog Memory of Virginia Woolf and Vidas Secas by the dog Baleia, Graciliano Ramos, it is conceivable to rethink the animal in conjecture right? So, first, treat yourself to understand the similarities between Law and Literature, drawing a line where it is demonstrated that, compared to the Animal Law figure, literature is a viable way to understand the existence of non-human, in this interdisciplinary conjecture prevail dialogue between law and literature, through their similarities and how these areas are faced on the animal figure. After all, if they refer to two different looks, two lenses are used separately for the same object. So, this work is a key objective to demonstrate the possibility that, instead of looking at nonhumans by appearances, can be observed with depth, for the essence of the condition of the animals, to look them seeking what they actually are, but also intends to achieve with this research, reflection on the relationship between law and literature and point out how your lenses to animal matter, are different. While the law is related to the common sense, in a cartesian heritage, literature puts the problem in another way and begins to glimpse the animal in exchange relationship with the human being, pointing to the fact that there is a relationship between humans and non- human, looking at him as a being endowed with consciousness and will, regardless of the social context in which the animal is inserted. Through Flush and Baleia we'll be observed that Literature is a possible tool to read the animal issues by law. For this study, it has the theoretical arguments from Dworkin (2000) and Derrida (2002), as well as content analysis, made from literary works - Flush, Memories of a dog, of Virginia Woolf (2010), and Vidas Secas, of Graciliano Ramos (2014). Finally, present shall be another point of view of the animals, so much to say that the law, in the current format is not able to supply all the trouble that shrouded the problems, and to expand the range of understandings and see in the literature, ample a means for analyzing the reflection of the condition of life, human and non-human. A lens, more accurate able to look clearly for those who here are objects of study.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Este trabalho pretende mostrar que o debate sobre os Direitos Animais possui relevÃncia filosÃfica. Ele destaca o fato de que questÃes concernentes aos animais remetem tambÃm ao homem. Trata-se de um esforÃo para mostrar que restringir aos seres humanos a condiÃÃo de detentores de direitos morais consiste num equÃvoco e, portanto, hà a necessidade de uma Ãtica nÃo antropocÃntrica. O foco principal à a contribuiÃÃo de Tom Regan, o autor afirma que por serem sencientes, os animais sÃo sujeitos de uma vida e possuem o que ele chama de valor inerente, ou seja, suas vidas tÃm um valor e fim em si. Tais afirmaÃÃes sÃo fundamentadas em pesquisas cientÃficas sobre a consciÃncia animal e estudos de etologia. à tambÃm objeto desta investigaÃÃo a abordagem de Peter Singer, que defende o Bem-estarismo animal tendo a senciÃncia como um princÃpio moral. Ressaltamos ainda que, uma vez que a expressÃo âdireitos dos animaisâ comumente se refere à concessÃo de respeito pelos seres humanos aos animais a partir de determinados critÃrios sem que lhes caibam direitos especÃficos, a noÃÃo de âdireitos animaisâ parte do pressuposto de que possuem direitos e que devemos reconhecÃ-los a despeito de nossa vontade; tentaremos corroborar a segunda tese. / This work is intended to show that the debate concerning animal rights is philosophically relevant. It points out the fact that animal issues are related to human beings as well. Therefore, this dissertation is an effort to demonstrate that it is wrong to attribute only to human beings the status of holders of moral rights and that it is necessary to conceive an ethical framework grounded on a non-anthropocentric view. Particular attention is devoted here to the contribution of Tom Reagan who asserts animals are subjects of life and possess what is called inherent value, i.e., animalsâ lives are not means to accomplish ends external to themselves. These affirmations are grounded on scientific studies of animal consciousness and on ethology. Peter Singerâs defense of the well-being of animals based on the fact that they are sentient beings will be also investigated. The expression rights of animals is not used in the context of this demarche because it relates to the respect humans beings should have to non-human animals without the recognition of them as holders of specific moral rights. The expression animal rights is purported to corroborate the notion that such rights are a reality to be accepted regardless the will of human beings.

A Constituição Federal de 1988 foi de fundamental importância para consagrar ao Poder Público a incubência de evitar que animais sejam submetidos aos maus-tratos ou atos decrueldade, devendo sempre agir para evitar e proibir essa exposição do animal.Trata-se de uma determinação incubida ao Estado, de forma que o mesmo não deve ser omisso, ou seja, deixar de cumprir essa regra constitucional. Todavia, a realidade mostra-se contrária ao preceito legal, principalmente quando se vislumbra a situação vivida pelos animais (equídeos) utilizados nos veículos de tração nas cidades brasileiras. São animais que vivem sendo maltratados e expostos a atos cruéis por parte de seus proprietários, como por exemplo o uso incondicional do chicote, que causa sérias feridas no animal, assim como a falta de cuidados básicos, como a oferta de água e alimentos necessários para manter a nutrição do animal, e, em nenhum momento, há uma atuação do Poder Público para proibir essa situação. Poucas são as cidades brasileiras que buscaram proibir o uso dessa atividade ou regrar de forma a garantir o bem-estar do animal, atendendo assim ao que determina a Constituição vigente, já que a grande maioria dos municípios não buscam nenhuma melhora para essa causa animal. Instala-se a dúvida se não seria a mudança do status jurídico do animal, para a condição de sujeito de direitos, a possível solução no fim da exploração dos animais. Na presente pesquisa será abordado a evolução histórica do pensamento humano sobre o animal, e em especial o animal de tração, os tipos de maus-tratos que essa espécie enfrenta no dia a dia, o tipo de responsabilidade civil que assume o Estado que age de forma omissa com essa situação e a importância do Poder Judiciário, Ministério Público e das Organizações Não-Governamentais na luta contra a exploração do animal de tração além da discussão da possibilidade de mudança da condição jurídica dos animais. Para o trabalho foi utilizado o método hermenêutico e a pesquisa bibliogáfica. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES / The Federal Constitution of 1988 was of fundamental importance to consecrate to the Public Power the incubation of preventing animals from being subjected to ill-treatment or acts of cruelty, and must always act to avoid and prohibit such exposure of the animal. This is a incubated determination to the State, so that it should not be omitted, that is, fail to comply with this constitutional rule. However, the reality is contrary to the legal precept, especially when we see the situation experienced by the animals (equidae) used in traction vehicles in Brazilian cities. They are animals that live being mistreated and exposed to cruel acts by their owners, such as the unconditional use of the whip, which causes serious injuries to the animal, as well as the lack of basic care, such as the supply of water and food necessary for maintain the animal's nutrition, and, at no time, there is an action of the Public Power to prohibit this situation. There are few Brazilian cities that have sought to prohibit the use of this activity or to regulate in a way that guarantees the welfare of the animal, thus fulfilling the requirements of the current Constitution, since the great majority of municipalities do not seek any improvement for this animal cause. The question arises whether it would not be the change of the legal status of the animal, for the condition of subject of rights, the possible solution at the end of the exploitation of the animals. In the present research the historical evolution of human thought about the animal, and especially the animal of traction, the types of mistreatment that this species faces in the day to day, the type of civil responsibility that assumes the state that acts of and the importance of the Judiciary, Public Ministry and Non- Governmental Organizations in the fight against the exploitation of traction animals, as well as discussing the possibility of changing the legal status of animals. For the work the hermeneutical method and the bibliographic search were used.

Este trabalho trata da problemática questão de como os animais são concebidos na contemporaneidade onde são vistos como coisas, propriedade e moeda de troca. Sendo o ponto de partida para o seu desenvolvimento, responder ao problema de pesquisa, sendo este: A partir da análise da semelhança entre Direito e Literatura e frente à leitura de Flush, de Memória de um cão, de Virginia Woolf e Vidas Secas, através da cachorra Baleia, de Graciliano Ramos, é concebível repensar o animal na conjectura do Direito? Então, primeiramente, tratar-se de entender as semelhanças existentes entre Direito e Literatura, traçando uma linha em que se demonstre que, frente à figura do Direito Animal, a Literatura é um caminho viável para compreender a existência não-humana, nesta conjectura interdisciplinar prevalecerá o diálogo entre Direito e Literatura, através de suas semelhanças e como estas áreas confrontam-se diante a figura do animal. Afinal, referem-se estes, a dois olhares diferentes, duas lentes que são usadas distintamente para um mesmo objeto. De modo, que este trabalho tem como um dos principais objetivos demonstrar a possibilidade de que, ao invés de se olhar para os não-humanos pelas aparências, seja possível observar, com profundidade, para a essência da condição dos animais, no sentido de olhá-los buscando aquilo que, de fato são, mas também pretende alcançar à reflexão sobre a relação entre Direito e Literatura e apontar como suas lentes, para a questão animal, são diferentes. Enquanto o Direito prende-se ao sentido comum, numa herança cartesiana, a Literatura coloca o problema em outro ângulo e passa a vislumbrar o animal numa relação de troca com o ser humano, apontando para o fato de que existe relação entre humanos e não-humanos, olhando-os – animais - como seres dotados de consciência e vontade, independente do contexto social ao qual estejam inserido. Através de Flush e Baleia observar-se-á que a Literatura é um instrumento possível para ler a questão animal através do Direito. Para tal estudo, conta-se com a argumentação teórica de Dworkin (2000) e Derrida (2002), além da Análise de Conteúdo, feitas a partir de obras literárias - Flush, Memórias de um cão, de Virginia Woolf (2010) e Vidas Secas, de Graciliano Ramos (2014). Por fim, apresentar-se-á um outro ponto de vista sobre os animais, tanto para dizer que o Direito, na atual formatação não é capaz de suprir toda a dificuldade que se envolta aos problemas, quanto para ampliar o leque de compreensões e ver, na Literatura, um meio de análise amplo para a reflexão da condição da vida, humana e não-humana. Uma lente, mais apurada capaz de olhar com nitidez para aqueles que aqui são objetos de estudo. / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS / This work deals with the problematic issue of how animals are designed in contemporary society which are seen as things, property and currency trading. As the starting point for its development, address the problem of research, being this: From the analysis of the similarity between law and literature and forward to reading Flush of a dog Memory of Virginia Woolf and Vidas Secas by the dog Baleia, Graciliano Ramos, it is conceivable to rethink the animal in conjecture right? So, first, treat yourself to understand the similarities between Law and Literature, drawing a line where it is demonstrated that, compared to the Animal Law figure, literature is a viable way to understand the existence of non-human, in this interdisciplinary conjecture prevail dialogue between law and literature, through their similarities and how these areas are faced on the animal figure. After all, if they refer to two different looks, two lenses are used separately for the same object. So, this work is a key objective to demonstrate the possibility that, instead of looking at nonhumans by appearances, can be observed with depth, for the essence of the condition of the animals, to look them seeking what they actually are, but also intends to achieve with this research, reflection on the relationship between law and literature and point out how your lenses to animal matter, are different. While the law is related to the common sense, in a cartesian heritage, literature puts the problem in another way and begins to glimpse the animal in exchange relationship with the human being, pointing to the fact that there is a relationship between humans and non- human, looking at him as a being endowed with consciousness and will, regardless of the social context in which the animal is inserted. Through Flush and Baleia we'll be observed that Literature is a possible tool to read the animal issues by law. For this study, it has the theoretical arguments from Dworkin (2000) and Derrida (2002), as well as content analysis, made from literary works - Flush, Memories of a dog, of Virginia Woolf (2010), and Vidas Secas, of Graciliano Ramos (2014). Finally, present shall be another point of view of the animals, so much to say that the law, in the current format is not able to supply all the trouble that shrouded the problems, and to expand the range of understandings and see in the literature, ample a means for analyzing the reflection of the condition of life, human and non-human. A lens, more accurate able to look clearly for those who here are objects of study.

Orientador: Ronaldo Rômulo Machado de Almeida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T06:06:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferrigno_MayraVergotti_M.pdf: 3901708 bytes, checksum: 6fe4b8a46e9fa9ebee88b253ea7784ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: A partir de estudo etnográfico em congressos, manifestações públicas e encontros organizados ao redor do tema do vegetarianismo e da luta pelos direitos animais, a dissertação descreve a formação e a dinâmica de um movimento político em território brasileiro, expondo as principais discussões que mobilizam os ativistas na busca da emancipação dos animais na sociedade. Orientada pelo debate antropológico contemporâneo, voltado para observação das relações entre humanos e não-humanos, pode-se analisar uma discussão atual, na qual os atores não-humanos adquirem status de sujeito, o que mobiliza humanos na formação de um novo modo de fazer política e de se relacionar, em variadas esferas da vida social: a mudança de hábitos alimentares (disseminação da dieta vegetariana), o entretenimento (fim do uso de animais em circos, rodeios, touradas), bem como a revisão e a reflexão profundas sobre o modo de produção científica (fim dos testes em animais em pesquisas biomédicas e início de uma visão, dentro das ciências humanas, que encare seres não-humanos como atores sociais) / Abstract: Starting from an ethnographic study at conferences, public events and meetings organized around the theme of the vegetarianism and the struggle for animal rights, the manuscript describes the formation and dynamics of a political movement in Brazilian territory, exposing the main discussions that mobilize activists in pursuit of the emancipation of the animals in society. Guided by contemporary anthropological debate, aimed at observing the relationship between humans and nonhumans, can analyze a current discussion, in which nonhumans acquire status of subject, which mobilizes humans to the formation of a new way of doing politics and the relationship in various spheres of social life: changing eating habits (spread of vegetarian diet), entertainment (ending the use of animals in circuses, rodeos, bullfights), as well as review and reflection about scientific production (end of animal testing in biomedical researches and the beginning of a vision within the Human sciences, which sees non-human beings as social actors) / Mestrado / Antropologia Social / Mestre em Antropologia Social

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There has been increasing public concern about farm animal welfare regarding transportation, slaughter, and some management practices, especially in systems where animals are confined for most of their existence. Animal welfare organizations (groups) have traditionally focused on forwarding their agendas through legislation, although more recent attempts have focused on convincing large firms that buy agricultural commodities to require particular production process standards to be met. The strategic interactions of players in the egg industry are modeled using a game theory approach. Two scenarios were explored: a principal-agent contract model between food firms and farmers, and a model where two firms are targeted by animal activists. The former model was empirically analyzed while the latter model was theoretically examined. Results for the principal-agent contract model indicate that, in general, the decision by the farmer of whether to invest in a free-range production system is dependent on the probability of being caught cheating. Whether contracts will be accepted or rejected by suppliers is dependent on the premium for free-range eggs. Finally, as the amount that can be lost if caught breaching the contract decreases, investment is motivated only with a higher probability of being caught. Theoretical analysis where competition did not matter and animal welfare was not a determinant of demand shows that animal activists must convince food firms that there will be a significant change in revenue with compliance as opposed to rejecting the contract or negotiating a compromise in order to attain their objectives of increased animal welfare.