In today's society prevails superior attitude to animals that are seen as mere resources, and this work seeks to highlight this issue . The theoretical part shows where this attitude has its roots and then moves into the context of environmental ethics, while trying to show the views that contradict this position. Practical part is looking for arguments and basis of organizations defending the rights of animals and their possible rapprochement with the protection of nature. The chosen method is to analyze the websites of selected organizations defending the rights of animals, focusing on what the organization published on their websitet and what is missing. The main finding is that the central idea of animal rights organizations is the intrinsic value of animals as beings with a right to a dignified life and with the right to satisfy their natural needs. Protection of the nature on the contrary often prefers to the value of each individual animal the value of nature as a whole. Possible rapprochement with the protection of nature can then be found mainly in areas where there is a distortion of values as both protectino of animals and protection of nature. Key words: animal liberation, animal rights, intrinsic value, protection of animals, protection of nature, organizations defending animal rights

The main purpose of the dissertation is to describe how four Swedish newspapers construct ethical standpoints and what norms they prescribe. This is done through a characterization of the civil disobedience discourse, in particular the discourse about animal rights activism and militant vegans, around the turn of the millennium (1990-2004). Questions asked are how Swedish newspapers construct civil disobedience, what disobedience is supported and what is condemned, and if the newspapers recognize the complexity of ethical dilemmas and facilitate well-reasoned ethical standpoints. The material studied is gathered from Stockholm-based newspapers: Dagens Nyheter, Svenska Dagbladet, Aftonbladet and Expressen. In total 1115 texts. The methods used are a combination of quantitative and qualitative content analysis, where the qualitative analysis is based on rhetorical analysis and narratology. The results show that there are mainly two overarching discourses. One supporting discourse, which is predominant in the representation of campaigns justified by economical issues, human rights, peace/anti-war movement and individual rights. One criminalising or demonising discourse, which is predominant in the constructions of militant vegans, the environmental movement and a campaign justified by democratic reasons in Sweden. In sum, the constructions are characterized by strong polarization, formalisation, ambivalence and a double standard of morality, which risk to circumscribe the understanding of moral dilemmas. The consequence is journalistic constructions where the ends justify the means when the end is a political correct, not defiant norm, or when the end is non political. The dissertation also argues that the concepts, specific words, journalists apply in their representation of social reality risk to set the limits for media representations, as well as for the public's understanding, of the social reality and moral dilemmas.

American zoological parks have been sites of intense consumer and scholar interest since their origination in the 20th century. Today, zoos reside at a tenacious hub of ideologies, practices, and priorities contributed to by various stakeholder groups. I propose that the foundational cause of this tension is zoological multiplicity: the theory that through human practices and perceptions, animals can embody multiple identities. Via an exploration of zoological multiplicity in American zoos with specific focus on zoo management, zoogoer, and animal activist stakeholder groups, this project proposes the widespread acknowledgment and understanding of zoological multiplicity as a method to improve animal care and global wildlife conservation projects.

Solidaritet med djur är en av hörnstenarna i Miljöpartiets gröna ideologi och partiet uppfattas ofta som mer djurvänligt än andra riksdagspartier. Den här uppsatsen analyserar hur partiets djursyn artikuleras utifrån tre diskurser: djurskydd, ekologism och djurrätt. Uppsatsen har också ett kritiskt djurrättsligt perspektiv och intresserar sig för vilka möjligheter och hinder för djurens frigörelse som finns i partiets djurpolitik. Slutsatsen är att djurskyddsdiskursen är dominerande i Miljöpartiet men att partiet problematiserar dagens djurskyddslagstiftning och vill se ett ”verkligt djurskydd”. Det finns också en tendens till att djurskyddsdiskursen i kombination med den ekologiska diskursen håller tillbaka djurrättsdiskursen som är i det närmaste osynlig. I en avslutande reflektion föreslås att djurrättsrörelsen ska bli tydligare i sin kritik mot Miljöpartiets och samtidens intresse för närproducerat, kravmärkt och ekologiskt kött, samt att ekologismens djursyn behöver utmanas i högre grad. / Animal solidarity constitutes one of the cornerstones of the Green Party's ideology, and the party is often perceived as more animal friendly than other parties in the Swedish parliament. This thesis analyzes how the Green Party's perspective on animals are articulated through three discourses: animal welfare, ecology, and animal rights. Furthermore, the thesis utilizes a critical perspective and tries to discern opportunities and obstacles for animal liberation within the party's animal politics. The conclusion is that the animal welfare discourse is the dominating perspective within the Green Party, but also that the party problematizes the current animal welfare in their strive for "real animal welfare". There is also a tendency for the animal welfare discourse, combined with the ecology discourse, to obscure the animal rights discourse, the latter being more or less invisible. In a final reflection it is suggested that the animal rights movement should be more explicit regarding its criticism against the Green Party's and the contemporary's interest in local produce, KRAV-labeling, and organic meat, as well as the need to challenge the animal views of ecology to a greater extent.

Suffering is at the very heart of the Christian faith. But traditionally non-human suffering is viewed as aethical and amoral. In being superior, endowed with the Imago Dei, and given dominion over the animal kingdom, human kind is freed from responsibility, it is believed. The traditional interpretation often however gives rise to inconsistencies and it is not satisfactory after the industrialization. It is early in the development of a Christian theology that takes into account the rights of animals, and the issue is sometimes considered controversial. But it need not be that way. Questioning a theology that stresses difference and otherness, rather than similarities, could be a source of a revitalization of the Christian faith.

The confinement of animals is today a widespread, widely accepted practice, regardless of the intention behind it. The confinement of animals for entertainment purposes, however, poses ethical questions that transgress the body of the animal itself and onto the boundaries of the human. What happens when a captured animal behaves differently from what we expect of it? Different from what we’ve trained it to? SeaWorld and Kolmården are two parks that both display animals in different ways. Both advertise themselves as offering unique experiences; close up encounters with animals that would most likely not happen in the wild. Both parks have also been subject to predatory animals behaving in unexpected ways. Furthermore, the artificial relationships established between humans and nonhumans in captivity have in the cases of SeaWorld and Kolmården proven to create a dangerous environment for both humans and animals. The ethical dilemmas that arises in correlations with the deadly-outcome incidents that have occurred in the parks, takes the form of questions regarding if confining animals such as wolves and orcas are ethically defensible in the first place

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2019-03-20T12:14:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NAT?LIA ANSELONI NISTA.pdf: 1219287 bytes, checksum: 46c164753732468e310df8d2f1fa2af8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-20T12:14:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NAT?LIA ANSELONI NISTA.pdf: 1219287 bytes, checksum: 46c164753732468e310df8d2f1fa2af8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-07 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This research aims at verifying how the animal rights are approached in child?s animations, in order to characterize its contributions to the formation of citizens that are conscious regarding their role in respecting the animals in a sustainable development context. This study lectures about the sustainability and sustainable development concepts and the discussion about the theme in society. The aim is to relate this discussion to animal rights, emphasizing the initiatives that occur in this direction. Information is discussed as the basis of knowledge and awareness in society. It seeks to characterize the information transmitted through cinematographic animations aimed at children as a tool to raise awareness of animal rights, that is, as a means of educating to form citizens of value, guided by the concept of sustainability. This is an empirical study of a qualitative nature, whose exploratory objective is based on a documental research of the children's animations and whose analysis and interpretation of the data are guided by the method of content analysis. As a result, it is concluded that animations, when dealing with the relationship between men and animals, adopt basic concepts of speciesism and anthropocentrism, showing situations close to the prior knowledge of the public that they want to reach, contributing to the awareness of animal rights. / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar a abordagem dada aos direitos dos animais nas anima??es infantis, a fim de caracterizar a exist?ncia de contribui??es na forma??o de um cidad?o consciente de seu papel no respeito aos animais em um contexto de desenvolvimento sustent?vel. O estudo disserta sobre o conceito de sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento sustent?vel e a discuss?o ? respeito do tema na sociedade, relacionando-o com o direito dos animais, dando ?nfase ?s iniciativas que ocorrem nesta dire??o. Discorre-se sobre informa??o como a base do conhecimento e conscientiza??o na sociedade, observando caracter?sticas fundamentais para uma comunica??o. Na pesquisa, propriamente dita, procura-se caracterizar a informa??o transmitida pelas anima??es cinematogr?ficas destinadas ao p?blico infantil, enquanto recurso para a compreens?o dos direitos animais, ou seja, como um meio de gerar conhecimento para a formar cidad?os conscientes, orientados pelo conceito da sustentabilidade. Trata-se de um estudo emp?rico, de car?ter qualitativo e quantitativo, cujo objetivo explorat?rio se d? a partir de uma pesquisa documental das anima??es infantis e cuja an?lise e interpreta??o dos dados s?o orientadas pelo m?todo de an?lise de conte?do. Como resultado, conclui-se que as anima??es, ao tratarem da rela??o entre os homens e os animais, adotam conceitos b?sicos do especismo e antropocentrismo, evidenciando situa??es pr?ximas ao conhecimento pr?vio do p?blico que deseja alcan?ar, contribuindo para a conscientiza??o dos direitos animais.

Den här uppsatsen är baserad på en enkätundersökning samt intervjuer med gymnasielever angående deras tankar kring djurförsök. Jag har intervjuat studenter från två olika naturbruksgymnasier. Båda har inriktningen djurvård men det är endast en av dem som ger en specialiseringskurs inom forskningsdjur. Min frågeställning är att undersöka om elever som läser kursen i försöksdjurskunskap har en annan inställning än de elever som endast läser djursjukvård. Som resultaten visar så är de eleverna som läser specialiseringskursen mer positiva till både djurförsök och att jobba med försöksdjur. De har också en mer korrekt bild och större vetskap om hur verkligheten ser ut för försöksdjuren. Detta beror till stor del på att de har lärare som är utbildade försöksdjurstekniker och har arbetat länge med försöksdjur inom forskningsvärlden. De elever på gymnasiet där specialiseringskursen inte finns är negativt inställda till djurförsök och anser att djuren torteras och lever under hemska förhållanden. Då de inte ges någon undervisning om forskningsdjur så har deras uppfattning formats genom media, vilket har framgått i enkäterna, till exempel tidningen Djurens rätt. Andra elever ”bara vet” hur verkligheten ser ut för försöksdjuren. De har heller inga kunskaper om regelverket kring forskning och den etiska nämndens uppgift. I uppsatsen ingår även en stor del historia om djurförsök förr i tiden. Det är viktigt att ha kunskap om historien eftersom det ger en bild av hur människans förhållningssätt till djuren har formats och förändrats över tid. / This essay is based on a survey and interviews with high school students regarding their thoughts about animal testing. I have interviewed students from two different high schools inSweden; both are agricultural high schools but only one have got laboratory animal science as a special orientation in the education. The issue on which this essay is based on is whether or not the students who are studying laboratory animal science have a different view on lab animals than students only reading animal healthcare have. As the results show, the students who are studying laboratory animal science are more positive towards both animal testing and also working with lab animals. They also have a more correct view and understanding of the reality of lab animals since they are given an up-to-date education from teachers who has been working in labs and with lab animals. Students not given this special orientation in the subject has a view of animal testing as a very negative thing where animals are tortured and held under cruel circumstances. There negative view of laboratory animal and animal testing is an understanding mostly caused by media, but some of the students “just know” how the reality is for the lab animals. Moreover, the students lack knowledge about the strict regulation that surrounds scientific studies on animals and they do not know about the ethic counsel and its purpose. A large part of history about animal testing in the early days is also included in this essay. I think it is important to have knowledge about our history in order to understand how our relationship towards animals have changed over time.

xvi, 398 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Social movements that fundamentally challenge the status quo struggle to connect theory and practice by framing advocacy messages in ways that serve the utilitarian purpose of resonating with mainstream public values while also demonstrating deontological integrity in authentically reflecting their own radical ideology. This study examines the animal rights movement's framing challenges in transforming discriminatory worldviews against nonhuman animals (NHAs) to create respect for them as inherently valuable subjects. U.S. animal rights organizations (AROs) increasingly focus on protecting animals exploited for food, and this dissertation examines frames used in such food advocacy campaigns of five national AROs: Compassion over Killing, Farm Animal Rights Movement, Farm Sanctuary, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and Vegan Outreach. Using textual analysis of ARO advocacy and interviews with ARO leaders, this study analyzes how and to what extent AROs do or could construct less speciesist frames that resonate with a largely speciesist American public. Findings reveal AROs framed problems with agribusiness around farmed animal cruelty and commodification, human and environmental harm, and unnecessary killing. Solution frames suggested consumers eat a total or largely plant-based diet, and some proposed industry welfare reforms. To motivate audiences, AROs appealed to values, such as: compassion, sentience, moral consistency, desire to make a difference, choice, pleasurable and convenient food, belonging, life, concern for fellow human beings, honesty, American populism, naturalness, freedom, and American pride. Strategically, AROs leaders applied both deontology and utilitarianism in choosing to prioritize NHA altruism rather than human self-interest, but most leaders favored utilitarianism in choosing to privilege animal welfare over animal rights for wider appeal. Overall, while some ARO messages supported animal rights, promoting veganism and respect for NHA subject status, many frames used animal welfare ideology to achieve animal rights solutions, conservatively avoiding a direct challenge to the dominant human/animal dualism. Changes to framing strategy are prescribed in support of frame transformation, such as emphasizing injustice, respect, freedom, life, and a shared animality. This deontologically aligns animal rights theory with advocacy practice in a way that also strategically incorporates both environmental ethics and human rights and merges nature and culture. / Adviser: Debra Merskin

Esse trabalho analisa a construção de diferentes formas de enquadramento interpretativo de ativistas do movimento dos direitos animais em interações com a grande mídia. Por meio de uma análise de molduras, são estudados perfis de organizações desse movimento social, assim como casos específicos desse tipo de interação. Teóricos da abordagem do enquadramento interpretativo identificam um dilema central vivenciado por militantes de movimentos sociais que optariam ora por uma postura “estratégica” e ora por uma postura “ideológica”. Em uma crítica ao conceito de “estratégia”, esse trabalho desenvolve uma classificação de molduras baseada na adequação imaginada dessas interpretações às situações às quais se referem. Dessa forma, esse dilema é reinterpretado em termos de um dilema entre a utilização de categorias vistas como mais ou menos adequadas para a classificação das situações, tendo em vista a possibilidade de que aquelas categorias vistas como as mais apropriadas não sejam simpáticas ou compreensíveis ao interlocutor. As respostas a esse dilema devem variar de acordo com três tipos objetivos gerais de curto prazo estipulados de acordo com determinadas combinações de lógicas de ação: construir problemas sociais, conquistar resultados práticos e defender identidades coletivas. No caso do movimento dos direitos animais, essas combinações de lógicas de ação dão origem a três tipos de ativismo: o abolicionismo construcionista, o abolicionismo pragmático e o abolicionismo identitário. As decisões dos militantes devem variar, ainda, de acordo com as dinâmicas interativas peculiares a cada interação na qual estão inseridos. Cinco dinâmicas interativas relevantes para esse processo são identificadas: a atribuição de características ao interlocutor; a antecipação do impacto do enquadramento; as intenções dos atores; a adequação à situação de fala; e o desempenho de um papel social. Assim, dinâmicas pré-interativas e interativas levam ativistas a desenvolver soluções distintas para o dilema do enquadramento interpretativo nos casos analisados. / This work analysis the construction of different forms of framing developed by animal rights activists in interactions with the mass media. Through a frame analysis, this social movement‟s organizations‟ profiles are analyzed, as well as specific cases of this kind of interaction in a comparative perspective. Scholars of the framing perspective identify a central dilemma that social movement‟s activists experience between a “strategic” position and an “ideological” attitude. In a critic of the concept of “strategy”, this work develops a classification of the frames based on the imagined adequacy of these interpretations to the situations to which they refer. Therefore, this dilemma is reinterpreted in terms of a dilemma between the use of categories seen as more or less adequate for the classification of the situations, knowing that there is a possibility that those categories seen as the most appropriate are not appealing or apprehensible to the interlocutor. The answers to this dilemma must vary according to three types of short-term general goals defined by the given “logics of action combinations”: construct social problems, conquer practical results and defend collective identities. In the case of the animal rights, these logics of action combinations are the origins of three types of activism: the constructionist abolitionism, the pragmatic abolitionism and the identity abolitionism. The activist‟s decision must vary, also, according to the peculiar interactive dynamics of each interaction in which they are inserted. Five interactive dynamics that are relevant to this process are identified: the attribution of characteristics to the interlocutor; the anticipation of the framing impact; the intentions of the actors; the adequacy to the speech situation; and the social role‟s performance. Thereby, pre-interactive dynamics and interactive dynamics both lead activists to develop distinct solutions for the framing dilemma in the analyzed cases.