This study focuses on the discretionary inter vivos trust. It specifically investigates what the discretion of a trustee comprises and in which circumstances (if any) the court may amend the trustee‟s discretion as stipulated in the deed of trust. In order to make any meaningful conclusions, the different types of trusts, and more specific the way in which trusts are classified, needs to be researched. An inter vivos trust is classified as a contract for the sake of a third. Consequently contract law rules are applied in the interpretation and amendment of an inter vivos trust. The source, goal and tenor of a trustee‟s discretion, as well as the circumstances wherein this discretion may be amended, are investigated. The general rule is that courts have no discretion to amend a trust, but there is an exception to the rule. In accordance with article 13 of the Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988 courts do have the power to amend or cancel the deed of trust in certain circumstances. In Potgieter and Another v Potgieter NO and Others 2012 (1) SA 637 (HHA) the court ruled that the power granted by article 13 does not enable judges to create law by amendment of the deed of trust according to their subjective interpretation of what is fair and just. The facts of the Potgieter case serve as problem statement for this study by focusing on the problems and unjust consequences of the strict application of contract law rules on a trust when the court does not take the changing circumstances of the trust founder into account. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

This study focuses on the discretionary inter vivos trust. It specifically investigates what the discretion of a trustee comprises and in which circumstances (if any) the court may amend the trustee‟s discretion as stipulated in the deed of trust. In order to make any meaningful conclusions, the different types of trusts, and more specific the way in which trusts are classified, needs to be researched. An inter vivos trust is classified as a contract for the sake of a third. Consequently contract law rules are applied in the interpretation and amendment of an inter vivos trust. The source, goal and tenor of a trustee‟s discretion, as well as the circumstances wherein this discretion may be amended, are investigated. The general rule is that courts have no discretion to amend a trust, but there is an exception to the rule. In accordance with article 13 of the Trust Property Control Act 57 of 1988 courts do have the power to amend or cancel the deed of trust in certain circumstances. In Potgieter and Another v Potgieter NO and Others 2012 (1) SA 637 (HHA) the court ruled that the power granted by article 13 does not enable judges to create law by amendment of the deed of trust according to their subjective interpretation of what is fair and just. The facts of the Potgieter case serve as problem statement for this study by focusing on the problems and unjust consequences of the strict application of contract law rules on a trust when the court does not take the changing circumstances of the trust founder into account. / LLM (Estate Law), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Prophetic reports, constituting the second foundational source of the Islamic Weltanschauung, have been categorised in terms of their authenticity. The current work explores reports occurring in single transmission chains that are corroborated in word or meaning by other similarly narrated reports whose source at the level of Prophet Muhammad's companions could either be the same or different. Rules pertaining to this field have been amalgamated for the first time to simplify their application. Appropriated practical examples have been given to illustrate harmony between theory and praxis. Concentration has been restricted to a corroboration of reports by other transmission chains. An examination of the latter falls outside the scope of this investigation. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

Preliminary References in Civil and European procedural law JUDr. Štangová Eva 1 Abstract (EN) The main purpose of this doctoral thesis was to provide an comprehensive analysis of the Preliminary questions under Slovak and Czech national legislations and to provide the same analysis of Preliminary questions under Treaties and Legislation of European Union Law (hereinafter referred to as "Union law"). This analysis shall cover both, Slovak and Czech code of judicial procedure which have the same numerical designation as Act No. 99/1963 Coll. and are known as Code of civil procedure (hereinafter referred to as OSP) in Slovakia and Code of civil procedure (hereinafter referred to as OSŘ) in the Czech Republic as well. The research in this thesis is structurally divided into 5 independent chapters. Using bellow stated research methods and science procedures; each part focuses on different context of preliminary questions. The first two chapters focus the historical context, concept, importance and scope of the preliminary questions under legislation of Czech and Slovak Republic. This chapter also outlines the normative legal regulations of these issues in the "de lege lata" status. At the same time, the author pays more attention to the eligibility of preliminary questions to be considered as preliminary ones,...

Prophetic reports, constituting the second foundational source of the Islamic Weltanschauung, have been categorised in terms of their authenticity. The current work explores reports occurring in single transmission chains that are corroborated in word or meaning by other similarly narrated reports whose source at the level of Prophet Muhammad's companions could either be the same or different. Rules pertaining to this field have been amalgamated for the first time to simplify their application. Appropriated practical examples have been given to illustrate harmony between theory and praxis. Concentration has been restricted to a corroboration of reports by other transmission chains. An examination of the latter falls outside the scope of this investigation. / Religious Studies and Arabic / M.A. (Islamic Studies)

La transmission intergénérationnelle des connaissances au sein de la banque tunisienne au moyen de la formation sur le tas fait traditionnellement partie de la culture de branche inhérente au secteur bancaire. Ce mode de formation archaïque n’a pas disparu, et la banque tunisienne a même intégré de nouveaux modes plus modernes. La comparaison avec la situation des banques allemandes, pionnières dans le domaine de la formation professionnelle et surtout de la formation duale permet d’une part de mettre en relief l’avènement d’une entrouverture au recrutement externe de jeunes diplômés issus de l’université. Mais, également et d’autre part de montrer que l’adoption par les banques tunisiennes de ce mode de formation censé créer davantage de synergies entre les salariés contribue au contraire à dégrader davantage le climat social aussi bien entre qu’avec la hiérarchie. En effet, dans un contexte de renouvellement des générations, couplé avec une ouverture à la concurrence internationale, le management introduit de nouvelles pratiques gestionnaires, et veut modifier rapidement la culture interne tout en gardant cette transmission à des fins de codification / The intergeneration transfer of technical and professional knowledge within the Tunisian banking system thanks to the training on the job belongs to the traditional culture of the financial sector. This kind of archaic training, it hasn’t disappeared. The Tunisian banks have as well already integrated new and modern ways of training. The international comparison with German banks allows to underline the external recruiting of young graduated people from universities. Moreover, and despite the fact that the Tunisian banking system is following the German training example which is due to lead to more synergies between employees and hierarchy, we notice that the internal culture is deteriorating more and more because of the introduction of managing practises which only take into account the maximisation of the banks profit abilities. In a context of renew generation and opening to the international competition, the management introduce new management practices and want to change the internal culture with keeping this technical and professional knowledge to permitting a codification.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003 / This research had as objective to identify critical factors that will make possible the implantation, collective and individual development, of one centered public politics in the variable solidarity, as a way of search of the integration for the improvement of the basic and professional education of systems of technical schools of State of Rio de Janeiro, today under the responsibility of Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica – FAETEC. The research had as reference of search of datas and informations, in its majority, of professionals, students and stakeholders unloaded of the concrete participation of the current FAETEC´s public politics. Therefore, Pablo Freire also served as referencial, mainly in its citation in page 19 of the book 'Educação e mudança', when he cites 'The true commitment is solidarity, and to not solidarity with that they deny the solidary commitment it, but with that, in the concrete situation, if they find converted into things'. These premises had fortified the choice of the research-action as methodology. Of stakeholders, we can cite the Industrial Union of the Technician of State of Rio de Janeiro (SINTEC-RJ), the Association of responsible parents and pupils of Adolpho Bloch school (APRAETEAB) and the Self-Regulating Body of the Engeneering Profession and architecture (CREA-RJ) through the Technician who are Overseers in the current management. Other interested people had also participated, whose contributions had been effective. All had been pledged in collaborating so that, exactly facing difficulties, the research was enough and showed that we are preparing a land adjusted for the implantation of a new public politic in this institution. Fighting the egoism, the pride and the vanity of that, independent of ideologies, already they had been corroded in its character and more, demonstrates in its corporativism badly guided, what the collective egoism brings of curses, also not to obtain to see the possibility of a better world: one another globalization. / Esta pesquisa tuvo el objetivo de identificar factores críticos que possibilitarán la implantación, con desarrollo colectivo e individual, de una Política Pública centrada en la variable solidariedad, como un medio de busca de la integración para la mejoría de la Educación Básica e Professional del Sistema de las Escuelas Técnicas del Estado del Rio de Janeiro, hoy bajo la responsabilidad de la Fundación de Apoyo a la Escuela Técnica (FAETEC). La pesquisa tuvo como referencia de búsqueda de datos e informaciones, en su mayoría, de profesionales, alumnos y stakeholders rechazados de la participación concreta de la actual Política Pública de la FAETEC y de sus respectivas unidades. Por eso Paulo Freire también sirvió como referencial, principalmente en el que coloca en relación a los exclusos en la página 19 del libro 'Educação e Mudança', cuando escribe: 'El verdadero compromiso es la solidariedad, y no la solidariedad con los que niegan el compromiso solidario, pero con aquellos que, en la situación concreta, se encuentran convertidos en cosas'. Esas premisas fortalecen a elección de la pesquisa-acción como metodología. De los stakeholders citamos el Sindicato de los Técnicos Industriales del Estado del Rio de Janeiro (SINTEC-RJ), la Asociación de Padres y Responsables de Alumnos de la Escuela Técnica Estadual Adolpho Bloch (APRAETEAB) y el Consejo Regional de Ingeniería y Arquitectura (CREA-RJ) a través de ténicos que son Inspectores en la actual gestión. Participaron también otras personas interesadas, cuyas colaboraciones fueron efectivas. Todos se empeñaron en colaborar para que, mismo enfrentando dificultades, la pesquisa fuera suficiente y enseñara que estábamos fertilizando terreno propicio a la implantación futura de una nueva Política Pública en esa Institución, combatiendo el egoísmo, el orgullo e la vanidade de aquellos que, independientemente de ideologías ya fueron corroídos en su caráter, y más, demonstraron en su corporativismo mal orientado, lo que el egoísmo colectivo trae de maleficios, incluso lo de no ver la posibilidad de un mundo mejor: otra globalización. / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar fatores críticos que possibilitarão a implantação, com desenvolvimento coletivo e individual, de uma Política Pública centrada na variável solidariedade, como meio de busca da integração para a melhoria da Educação Básica e Profissional do Sistema das Escolas Técnicas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sob a responsabilidade da Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica (FAETEC). A pesquisa teve como referência de busca de dados e informações, em sua maioria, de profissionais, alunos e stakeholders alijados da participação concreta da atual Política Pública da FAETEC e de suas respectivas unidades. Por isso Paulo Freire também serviu como referencial, principalmente no que diz em relação aos excluídos na página 19, do livro 'Educação e Mudança' , quando escreve: 'O verdadeiro compromisso é a solidariedade, e não a solidariedade com os que negam o compromisso solidário, mas com aqueles que, na situação concreta, se encontram convertidos em coisas'. Essas premissas fortaleceram a escolha da pesquisa-ação como metodologia. Dos stakeholders citamos o Sindicato dos Técnicos Industriais do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SINTEC-RJ), a Associação de Pais e Responsáveis de Alunos da Escola Técnica Estadual Adolpho Bloch (APRAETEAB) e o Conselho Regional de Engenharia e Arquitetura (CREA-RJ) através de Técnicos que são Inspetores na atual gestão. Participaram também outras pessoas interessadas, cujas colaborações foram efetivas, e todos se empenharam em colaborar para que, mesmo enfrentando dificuldades, a pesquisa fosse suficiente e mostrasse que estávamos fertilizando terreno propício à implantação futura de uma nova Política Pública nessa Instituição, combatendo o egoísmo, o orgulho e a vaidade daqueles que, independentemente de ideologias já foram corroídos em seu caráter, e mais, demonstram em seu corporativismo mal orientado, o que o egoísmo coletivo traz de malefícios, inclusive o de não conseguir ver a possibilidade de um mundo melhor: uma outra globalização.

This thesis deals with the real content of legal acts and its evaluation, identification and demonstration by the tax administrator. The aim is to determine which legal institutes are used in the tax administrator's control. Also if it uses the institute of the real content of legal acts and if it uses the correct way according to analysis of Czech law. The first part sets out the legal act, the second part sets out the interpretation of legal acts. The forms of the minimalization of the tax liability is set out in the third part, the greatest emphasis is on tax avoidance and tax evasion. The last part analyzes the most important law cases where the tax administrator argued one of the institutes simulated legal act, dissimulated legal act, evasion of the law, law abuse or tax avoidance by another method.

THE THESIS FOCUSES ON A CONSTRUCTION DESIGN OF A NEW DRILLING HEAD DESIGNED TO REPLACE THE ORIGINAL ONE IN A MULTIDRILL HYNDAGA DRILLING RING. THE SUBSTITUTION IS SUPPOSED TO PROVIDE A SOLUTION TO THE SHORTCOMINGS OF THE CURRENTLY USED DRILLING HEAD. THE THESIS ANALYSES PARAMETERS OBTAINED FROM THE MANUFACTURER, NEW PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS AND PROPOSES TWO TYPES OF MOTORS INNOVATIVE METHODS HAD BEEN IMPLEMENTED IN CALCULATIONS OF CONCEPTUAL PARAMETERS OF THE NECESSARY COMPONENTS. THE OUTCOME IS A NEW F-TYPE DRILLING HEAD.

No description available.