Parent involvement in treatment programmes for child anxiety disorders aims to change the parental behaviours and cognitions implicated in the development and maintenance of childhood anxiety disorders. However, very few studies have included parental behaviours and cognitions as outcomes, and the methodological shortcomings of those that have, preclude clear conclusions. This study aimed to provide the first comprehensive examination of change in parental behaviours and cognitions after a guided parent-delivered cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) programme compared to a waitlist control. The association between change in parental behaviours and cognitions with child treatment outcome was also considered. Eighty-eight children aged 7 to 12 years old with a diagnosed anxiety disorder were randomised to either an 8-week guided parent-delivered CBT programme (n=41) or waitlist control group (n=47). None of the parents met diagnostic criteria for an anxiety disorder. Observational measures of parental behaviours whilst their child completed an anxiety-provoking task were taken before and after the intervention. Parent expectations were also measured of their child's and own response in the laboratory task, as well as for hypothetical situations that were ambiguous for whether or not they presented a threat. The treatment programme was not associated with greater change in parental behaviours compared to the waitlist control. After the treatment programme there was a change in specific parental cognitions, in that parents perceived themselves and their child to have more control in hypothetical threat ambiguous situations. Change in parental behaviour and cognition was not significantly associated with child treatment outcomes. The results suggest that guided parent-delivered CBT can increase parental self-efficacy in the management of child anxiety. However, the absence of any association of treatment with other parental cognitions or behaviours questions the salience of parental change in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.

This paper examines the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety in a community sample of mothers and their children aged 6-17 (N = 89). Maternal anxiety was assessed through the SCL-90 & STAI-T. Child anxiety was assessed through the RCMAS-C, STAIC-T, RCMAS-P, & CBCL. Attachment beliefs were assessed through the Experiences in Close Relationships (maternal) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (child). Parenting behaviors were assessed through the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire and the Children's Report of Parent Behavior Inventory. Significant associations were found between maternal and child anxiety, attachment beliefs, and parenting. Multiple regression analysis indicated that Anxious Attachment Beliefs and Parental Involvement appeared to mediate the association between maternal and child anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the role of attachment beliefs and parenting behaviors on the association between maternal and child anxiety.

Adult attachment theory continues to play an important role in explaining pathology within couples. Pornography is becoming more and more pervasive since the inception of the internet. This study looked at the relationship between insecure attachment, accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement with frequency of male pornography use. Little is known about pornography use and its impact on couple dynamics. This study specifically looked at pornography use predicting insecure attachment within couples. The sample was taken from the RELATionship Evaluation (RELATE) and consisted of 189 couples. Male pornography use was found to be a predictor of insecure attachment and low levels of responsiveness in him. The female partner's assessment of her male partner's low engagement, responsiveness, and accessibility in their relationship was predicted by his pornography use. These findings may inform therapists of the possibilities for direction in therapy when a couple is struggling with insecure attachment development.

This study compared the differential influence of reframing, self-control, and neutral counselor interventions on high and low trait-anxious subjects' self -descriptions as measured by the Adjective Check List. Reframing was predicted to be superior to self-control and neutral interventions in eliciting more favorable self-descriptions. An interaction was also predicted between counselor intervention and trait anxiety such that, in the reframing condition, low trait-anxious subjects would describe themselves more positively than high trait-anxious subjects.

Bakgrund: En anestesisjuksköterska ska främja hälsa och förebygga ohälsa med respekt för patienternas värdighet och integritet. Regional anestesi är vanligt förekommande vid ortopedisk kirurgi. Det innebär att en eller flera av patienternas kroppsdelar bedövas, och försätter således patienterna i en utsatt situation med förlorad kroppskontroll. Detta kan ge upphov till oro och obehag för patienterna, och anestesisjuksköterskor bör ha kunskap om hur de genom olika omvårdnadsåtgärder kan lindra patienternas oro. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att utforska och belysa anestesisjuksköterskors strategier för att lindra ortopedpatienters oro vid regional anestesi. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med tio anestesisjuksköterskor som hade minst ett års klinisk erfarenhet samt erfarenhet av att vårda aktuell patientgrupp. Datamaterialet analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, där meningsbärande enheter kondenserades och utmynnade i underkategorier och kategorier. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att anestesisjuksköterskorna strävar efter att skapa en vårdande relation med patienten. Anestesisjuksköterskorna anpassar sitt förhållningssätt till patienten, bland annat genom ett bra bemötande och att värna om patientens delaktighet. Hjälpmedel som närhet till patienten, att skapa en trygg miljö, individanpassad information och att vid behov erbjuda lugnande läkemedel, framkommer från anestesisjuksköterskorna som strategier för att lindra ortopedpatienternas oro. Slutsats: Genom att använda de strategier som framkommer i studiens resultat kan anestesisjuksköterskor lindra ortopedpatienternas oro vid regional anestesi. Studiens resultat bekräftar flertalet tidigare studier, vilket styrker dess kliniska relevans. / Background: The nurse anesthetists role is to promote health and to prevent illness with respect for the patients dignity and integrity. Regional anesthesia is common during orthopedic surgery. This means that one or more of the patient´s body parts are anesthetized, which puts the patients in a vulnerable situation due to loss of body control, this can result in anxiety and discomfort for the patients. The nurse anesthetists should have knowledge about how they can relieve concerns in this situation through different strategies. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate and illustrate the nurse anesthetist´s strategies to alleviate the orthopedic patient´s concerns with regional anesthesia. Method: Semi structured interviews were held with ten nurse anesthetists which all had at least one year of clinical experience and had experience from the patient group in question. The data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis, where meaningful units where condensed and gave subcategories and categories. Results: The results in this study show that the nurse anesthetists aim to create a caring relation with the patient. The nurse anesthetists adapt their approach to the patient, for instance through good communication and to encourage the patient participation. Tools like closeness to the patient, a safe environment, individualized information and to offer sedative if needed, reveals to be strategies used to alleviate the concerns of the orthopedic patients. Conclusions: By using the strategies revealed in the result from this study the nurse anesthetists can alleviate the orthopedic patient´s concerns with regional anesthesia. The result from the study is in many ways confirming former studies on the topic, which proves its clinical relevance

Working life and the labor market have undergone a change to become more flexible. Working life instead today requires individuals to be mobile, flexible and accessible and the labor market is characterized by insecure temporary employment. This has been a change that has taken place since the 1970s when market-liberal thinking gained its spread globally. This has, according to research, created new gaps in society, several individuals have become insecure and live under conditions that you can describe as precarious. In this survey, we will take part of a group of people's lifestories. These people live under some form of precarious circumstances when it comes to the labor market and working life. To find out how these people feel emotional and what characterizes their everyday lives, and if they have any differences based on whether people have a little work from time to time or no work at all, then we use qualitative text analysis. The result we find in conclusion is that there are major emotional difficulties for those concerned. We also find that people are adversely affected when it comes to their health and social life. However, when it comes to the importance of how the employment rates affected your situation, we cannot find any actual evidence in any direction in this survey. / Arbetslivet och arbetsmarknaden har genomgått en förändring till att bli mer flexibel. Arbetslivet stället idag krav på individer att de ska vara rörliga, flexibla och tillgängliga och arbetsmarknaden präglas av osäkra tillfälliga anställningar. Detta har varit en förändring som pågått sedan 70-talet när marknadsliberala tankegångar fick sin spridning globalt. Detta har enligt forskning skapat nya klyftor i samhället, flera människor har blivit otrygga och lever under förhållanden som kan beskrivas som prekära. Vi kommer i den här undersökningen ta del av en grupp människors olika berättelser. Dessa människor lever under någon form av prekära omständigheter när det kommer till arbetsmarknaden och arbetslivet. Vårt syfte är att undersöka hur dessa människor påverkas emotionellt av detta. För att ta reda på hur dessa människor mår rent känslomässigt och vad som präglar deras vardag samt om det råder några skillnader sett utifrån om personerna har lite arbete då och då eller inget arbete alls, så använder vi oss av kvalitativ textanalys. Det resultat vi finner avslutningsvis är att det existerar stora känslomässiga svårigheter för de berörda. Vi finner även att människorna påverkas negativt när det kommer till deras hälsa och sociala liv. När det kommer till anställningsgradens betydelse för hur man påverkas i sin situation kan vi dock inte finna några egentliga bevis i någon riktning i denna undersökning.

This study is a research synthesis that aims to explain the possible connection between the attachment in parent and child relationship and antisocial/ deviant behaviour.The purpose is to chart and discuss how previous science views the attachments effect on the risk of developing antisocial behaviour. The issue of this study is following: Can the attachment between parent and child affect the risk of developing antisocial behaviour? Which attachment pattern is specifically riskful and why is that? The data in this study is based on earlier research collected from databases such as Psycinfo and Sociological Abstract etc. The results from different studies and articles are analysed by Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory.The results show that there is a possible connection between attachment and the development of antisocial behaviour, but there are also indicators that show that there are more factors that play a role in the risk of developing antisocial behaviour such as environmental and structural factors. In other words, attachment affects the risk, but there are also other indicators that enlarge the risks of developing antisocial or deviant behaviour. Avoidant and anxious/ ambivalent attachment are two attachment styles that previous studies have found to have an increased risk to develop antisocial and deviant behaviour.

Reduced eye fixation and deficits in emotion identification accuracy have been commonly reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (AS), but are not ubiquitous. There is growing evidence that emotion processing deficits may be better accounted for by comorbid alexithymia (i.e., difficulty understanding and describing one's emotional state), rather than AS symptoms per se. Another possible explanation is anxiety, which is often comorbid with AS; emotion processing difficulties, including attentional biases, have also been observed in anxiety disorders, suggesting that anxiety symptoms may also influence emotion processing within AS. The purpose of the current study was to test the role of dimensional symptoms of autism, anxious apprehension (AA), and alexithymia in mediating eye fixation across two different facial processing tasks with three adult samples: adults diagnosed with autism (AS; n = 30), adults with clinically-elevated anxiety without autism (HI-ANX; n = 29), and neurotypical adults without high anxiety (NT; n = 46). Experiment 1 involved participants completing an emotion identification task involving short video clips. Experiment 2 was a luminescence change detection task with an emotional-expression photo paired with a neutral-expression photo. Joy, anger, and fear video and photo stimuli were used. Dimensional, mixed-effects models showed that symptoms of autism, but not alexithymia, predicted lower eye fixation across two separate face processing tasks. There were no group differences or significant dimensional effects for accuracy. Anxious apprehension was negatively related to response time in Experiment 1 and positively related to eye fixation in Experiment 2. An attentional avoidance of negative emotions was observed in the NT and HI-ANX group, but not the AS group. The bias was most pronounced at lower levels of AS symptoms and higher levels of AA symptoms. The results provide some evidence for a possible anxiety-related subtype in AS, with participants endorsing high autism symptoms, but low anxious apprehension, demonstrating more classic emotion processing deficits of reduced eye fixation.

Cette thèse vise à mettre à l'épreuve les apports théoriques, dans un regard psycho-dynamique à partir d'un ancrage clinique et projectif, afin de comprendre le délicat tissage entre inscription temporelle et processus dans un travail d’articulation ; que propose le questionnement sur la perception des trois temps (passé, présent et futur), et de la spécificité d’inscription dans une situation non-figuratif au test du Rorschach, ainsi que processus d’enregistrement le récit au test du TAT. Si le caractère discontinu des évènements s'avère non structurant chez le déprimé anxieux, sur fond de la non continuité et de défaut de la permanence garanti par une relation objectale, à l'autre insuffisamment étayant, dont le psychisme se décompose dans la dépression anxieuse, revivre le passé et l'attente emporte souvent le sujet dans un abîme d'angoisse dans lequel il se perd. Ne pouvant plus s’ancrer dans le présent dans un mouvement d’élaboration et de symbolisation psychique, et, en miroir, engouffrant tout possible pour l'avenir, le sujet dit « déprimé anxieux » se retrouverait, paradoxalement, enfermé dans une impasse temporelle, se figure dans un spirale temporelle barré, sans écart qui potentialise son investissement pulsionnel, narcissique et objectal. / This thesis aims to test theoretical contributions in a psycho-dynamic look from a projective clinical anchorage and to understand the delicate weaving between time registration and work processes in a joint; proposed questioning the perception of the three times (past, present and future), and specific registration in a non-representational situation in the Rorschach test and the account registration process to test the TAT. If the discontinuous nature of the events proves not structured in anxious depressed, amid the non continuity and lack of permanence secured by a object relation, to the other supporting insufficiently whose psyche decomposes in anxious depression , relive the past and expectation often takes the subject into a abyss of anguish in which he loses. No longer able to anchor in this development in a movement and psychic symbolization, and, mirror, engulfing everything possible for the future, the subject says "anxious depressed" would end up, paradoxically, locked in a dead time if contained in a temporal barred spiral without gap which potentiates its instinctual investment, and object-narcissistic.

There is substantial evidence that the strength of the therapeutic alliance in couples therapy is predictive of successful treatment outcome. However, little research has examined the factors that predict a strong therapeutic alliance in couples therapy. With evidence indicating that attachment styles play an important role in the development of healthy adult relationships, it was hypothesized that the attachment styles of partners in couples therapy would predict the development of a strong therapeutic alliance. Data from 115 heterosexual couples seen at a university-based MFT clinic in the southeastern region of the U.S. were used to test this hypothesis. Using multiple regression, results generally found that attachment styles generally predicted the therapeutic alliance among women, but there was only limited support among men. The results of the study suggest the importance of couples therapists being aware of attachment issues, especially among women, as they relate to the establishment of a strong therapeutic alliance.