This thesis traces the ‘New Moment’ in Pauline reception in the writings of Alain Badiou, Terry Eagleton and Slavoj Žižek. It explores how the Pauline epistles are read and feature in their thought. An answer to the question, 'why Paul?' prompts reflection on what it is to read and understand the Apostle. An introduction sets out the writers of this ‘New Moment’ [Jacob Taubes, Giorgio Agamben, Stanislas Breton, as well as Badiou, Eagleton and Žižek] before isolating the figures of this study. The reception of this ‘moment’ by mainstream New Testament studies is considered, and with it the charge of ‘appropriation’. The concept of ‘appropriation’ is explored, and a definition arrived at, for the purpose of evaluating the readings we will go on to discover. As part of this notion of ‘appropriation’, the turn to Gadamer in recent New Testament study is surveyed. We suggest another potential hermeneutical approach that derives from Gadamer is possible. Thus, the object of this study is both an instance of, and means by which to critique the understanding of, New Testament Wirkungsgeschichte. Each of our thinkers is then considered in turn. The outline for each chapter is the same. A brief introduction to the figure with bibliographical background salient to his Pauline reading precedes some textual examples indicative of that reading. We then move to analyse the manner of that reading and certain conceptual problems which are revealed in the course of the engagement with Paul. The conclusion analyses the approaches, and reasons for turning, to Paul on the part of these thinkers. Salient differences between each thinker's reading are noted and the charge of appropriation is evaluated afresh. The implications of such readings for conventional biblical criticism are considered, and the success of an approach which explores a Gadamerean-inspired interest in reception in the manner adopted by this thesis is judged.

Cette thèse porte sur l’appropriation d’Internet par les visiteurs des centres d’accès public à cette technologie installés par le gouvernement et les ONG au Chili au début des années 2000. L’implantation de ces centres s’insère dans une politique officielle d’accès à une technologie qui est considérée comme un outil de développement. Les autorités s’appuient sur un discours plus large qui fait référence à la Société de l’information et au besoin de la population de participer adéquatement à celle-ci; l’accès et la maîtrise des technologies de l’information et communication, et en particulier l’Internet, permettrait aux personnes de bénéficier des avantages de cette nouvelle société. Conscients que ce n’est pas toute la population qui peut s’abonner à un service d’Internet à domicile, les télécentres aideraient les personnes à faible revenu à le faire. Au niveau théorique, nous avons mobilisé certaines notions liées aux études sur les usages des technologies. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous sommes servis du modèle de l’appropriation qui se penche sur la construction des significations que font les personnes de l’usage d’une technologie. Ce modèle montre la complexité du processus et les facteurs d’ordre personnel et social qui entrent en jeu. Selon ce modèle, le contexte social est clé pour comprendre la construction de la signification sur l’usage. Nous faisons aussi référence à d’autres études qui se penchent sur les différents moments de l’appropriation : la domestication, les propos de Michel de Certeau et la sociopolitique des usages. Finalement, nous proposons de considérer certains facteurs qui peuvent avoir une influence dans le processus d’appropriation, tels que les représentations des usagers, le contexte socio-économique, le réseau d’appui et le genre. D’un point de vue méthodologique, étant donné que nous voulions explorer un phénomène sans pour autant faire de généralisations, nous avons utilisé une démarche qualitative et comme stratégie de recherche, l’ethnographie. Nous avons visité 5 télécentres dans 4 villes ou villages de différentes régions du Chili. Nous avons fait des observations et des entrevues semi-ouvertes avec des usagers, des responsables des télécentres et les responsables des réseaux de télécentres. La thèse montre la complexité du processus d’appropriation et la spécificité de l’appropriation d’Internet dans les centres d’accès public. Nous avons constaté comment les relations interpersonnelles – le réseau d’appui- jouent un des rôles les plus importants dans le processus de rapprochement au centre et à la technologie, ainsi que dans le processus d’apprentissage et d’usage même. Nous avons constaté également que la construction de la signification de l’usage est étroitement liée au contexte et aux expériences de vie des personnes. Un même usage n’a pas la même signification pour tous nos interviewés : pour certains, le clavardage peut être seulement une activité de loisir et pour quelqu’un d’autre, un outil de développement personnel et émotionnel. Les projections sur les usages futurs ne sont pas les mêmes non plus chez les adultes et chez les plus jeunes, ces derniers étant davantage conscients de l’Internet comme un outil de travail. L’interprétation de l’usage diffère aussi entre les hommes et les femmes (plus que les usages mêmes): certaines femmes voient dans l’usage d’Internet et dans la participation au télécentre une activité qui les fait sortir de leur rôle typique de femme au foyer. Finalement, nous avons observé que la signification de l’usage n’est pas seulement construite à partir de l’expérience personnelle immédiate; les usages des autres sont toujours évalués par les visiteurs des télécentres. / This thesis is about the appropriation of Internet in Public Access Centers (“Telecenters”) implemented by the government and NGOs in Chile during the first years of the present century. Telecenters are part of an official public policy aiming to facilitate access to the Internet, a technology widely considered to be an important tool for development. Political authorities make reference in their discourse about the new Information society and about the necessity that individuals know how to participate adequately in this society: access and good performance in the use of information and communication technologies (ITC) - specifically Internet- would allow people to enjoy some of the benefits and advantages of this new society. Nevertheless, the government is aware that not all the population is able to afford a home Internet service, especially in rural areas; telecenters put Internet within the reach of a larger segment of the society. From a theoretical point of view, in this thesis, we have used some notions linked to well-known studies about the uses of technologies. More specifically, we have used the ‘appropriation model’. This model proposes to study the construction of meaning that people make of the usage of one technology, in our case, of Internet. This model shows the complexity of the process by which people integrate a technology in their lives, and the personal and social factors that play a role in this process. For this approach, the social context is fundamental for understanding the construction of meaning of the uses of the technology. In our theoretical chapter we also refer to other approaches dealing with different aspects of the appropriation process: the domestication of a technology, the de Certau point of view, and the sociopolitical use point of view. Finally, we propose to consider some other factors which may have an influence on the appropriation process: the users’ representations of Internet, the social and economical context where they live, the social network they have, and their gender. From a methodological point of view, we have utilized a qualitative approach and ethnography as a research strategy, because we wish to explore this “appropriation phenomenon” without making generalizations. We have visited five telecenters in four cities or villages in different regions of Chile. We have made observations and semi-structured interviews with users, with people in charge of centers, and also with people in charge of the networks of telecenters. This thesis shows the complexity of the appropriation process and specifically it discusses the appropriation process in Internet public access centers. We have verified how important interpersonal relationships (social network) are: they play one of the most important roles among future visitors because they can be informed about telecenters and about the importance of computers and Internet in everyday life. They are also important in the learning process and in the first steps of the utilization of the technology. The social network is comprised of family and friends, and also of those in charge of centers. We have verified too that construction of the usage meaning of uses is closely linked to the social context and life experience of the visitors. On the other hand, we have observed that the same use doesn’t have the same meaning for all users: for some of them, chat is a leisure activity, for others, it is a personal and emotional development tool. Projections about future uses of Internet are not the same among young people and adults. For example, young people very often consider Internet as a work tool. Interpretations of the uses are sometimes different between women and men: some women interpret the use of Internet, and their participation in telecenters, as an activity which changes their typical role as homemakers. Finally, we have observed that meaning of the use is not only constructed by the immediate personal experience; the uses of others are always evaluated by visitors of centers, and these uses seem to confirm their own way of using the Internet.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This thesis aims to understand William Faulkner as an environmentally conscious author whose views on land abuse appear throughout his work. The goal is twofold: first, to examine how he criticizes ecological abuse; second, to discover which sources likely influenced him and helped him to form his perspectives on environmental issues.

Le vieillissement de la population et la gérontocroisssance sont ancrés sur le territoire national. A Paris, le vieillissement démographique est moins prononcé, mais il s'accompagne d'une augmentation régulière des 85 ans et plus. Cette évolution démographique fait apparaître d'une part l'augmentation de l'espérance de vie en bonne santé et de l'autre, l'augmentation du nombre de personnes dépendantes avec des enjeux politiques, économiques, sociaux, sanitaires et sociétaux. Le vieillissement en bonne santé est au coeur des politiques publiques pour prévenir la perte d'autonomie. Avec l'avancée en âge, le maintien de la mobilité et des sociabilités est essentiel pour conserver son autonomie et son appropriation du territoire de vie. Les trois quarts des 75 ans et plus sont valides, autonomes, et font le choix de rester le plus longtemps possible à leur domicile. Ce constat est essentiel pour mener à bien une politique territoriale du « bien vieillir » et assurer à tous une qualité de vie. L'étude menée dans le 14ème arrondissement à Paris met en relation les pratiques spatiales des 75 ans et plus, leur perception de l'espace et leur représentation du territoire sous la forme de cartes mentales. Elle souligne les disparités socio-spatiales entre les aînés, l'accentuation des besoins lors du rétrécissement de l'espace au grand âge et les dysfonctionnements territoriaux contribuant à l'isolement socio-spatial des personnes âgées. Ce diagnostic à échelle locale identifie des besoins dont les réponses concernent l'ensemble des acteurs du vieillissement du quartier, de l'arrondissement, de la ville et de l'Etat / Population ageing and the "pensioner boom" (gerontogrowth) are well established all over France. In Paris, population ageing may not be as pronounced as elsewhere but the number of elderly citizens over 85 has been rising steadily. This development means, on the one hand, an improved expectancy of a healthy old age, but on the other, an increase in the number of elderly dependent people and a whole range of consequences including political, economic, social, societal and health issues. Healthy ageing is at the heart of government policies designed to prevent age-related loss of autonomy. As people grow older, preserving their mobility and social connections is crucial if they are to remain independent and retain control over their surroundings. Three quarters of the over 75s are able-bodied and independent and choose to stay at home for as long as they can. This should be borne in mind in seeking to develop a territorial social-spatial approach to "ageing well” and providing quality of life in old age for all. Our survey carried out in the fourteenth arrondissement of Paris establishes a connection between the spacial habits in senior citizens over 75, their perception of space and the way they picture their surroundings in the form of mental maps. The survey underlines the extent of socio-spatial disparities between elderly citizens, their growing personal needs as space shrinks in old age and the malfunctioning of the local agencies breakdown of communities, all of which contribute to the socio-spatial isolation of the elderly. This local-level analysis identifies the issues surrounding the ageing population which any key player whether operating locally or nationally needs to address

Orientador: Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi / Banca: Ariovaldo Umbelino de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Juergen Richard Langenbuch / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira Godoy / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar a produção do espaço urbano em Jales e os principais agentes produtores. Para compreender essa produção, analisou-se a constituição das frentes de expansão e pioneira na apropriação da terra no Noroeste paulista. A apropriação ocorreu de forma ilícita por meio da grilagem de terras nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A partir do final da primeira metade desse século, foram fundadas cidades para incrementar projetos imobiliários com objetivos de fragmentar a terra em pequenas propriedades. Esse processo contribuiu para a desconcentração fundiária no extremo Noroeste, com predomínio de pequenos estabelecimentos rurais de base familiar e com diversificação agrícola. Os projetos imobiliários compuseram a gênese da rede urbana formada, na maioria, por cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes. Jales foi a primeira cidade fundada na região e tornou-se o centro dessa rede urbana, pois concentra atividades comerciais e os serviços de maior complexidade regional. A drenagem de renda regional, principalmente fundiária, contribuiu e contribui para a produção do espaço urbano em Jales, principalmente através dos empreendimentos imobiliários destinados a residências e prédios comerciais e de serviços. A produção do espaço urbano em Jales é determinada por dois agentes principais: o poder público e os herdeiros do fundador Euphly Jalles. As relações desses dois agentes são pautadas pelos princípios do poder local, apresentando-se momentos de aproximação e outros de conflitos. Mas o propósito elementar dos Jalles é a extração da renda da terra por meio de suas modalidades (absoluta, diferencial e de monopólio) por possuírem terras sob seus domínios nos arredores da cidade, promovendo empreendimentos imobiliários e apropriando-se de ganhos imobiliários extraordinários através de contratos de enfiteuse. / Abstract: This thesis is mainly aimed to analyze the urban space production in Jales and the main producing agents. To understand this production, the constitution of front and pioneering expansion was analyzed in the appropriation of the land in the São Paulo Northwest. The appropriation happened illegally through the illegal land occupancy during the first decades of the 20th century. From the end of the first half of this century, cities had been established to develop real estate projects with objectives to break up the land in small properties. This process contributed for the land distribution in the extreme Northwest, with predominance of small agricultural establishments of familiar base and with agricultural diversification. The real estate projects had composed the genesis of the formed urban net mainly by cities with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Jales was the first city established in the region and it became the center of this urban net, as it concentrates commercial activities and the services with the biggest regional complexity. The draining of regional income, mainly agrarian, contributed and contributes for the production of the urban space in Jales, mainly through the residential, commercial and services building real estate enterprises. The production of the urban space in Jales is determined by two main agents: the public power and the heirs of the founder Euphly Jalles. The relations of these two agents are ruled by the principles of the local power, facing moments of approach and others of conflicts. But the elementary purpose of the Jalles is the extraction of the income of the land by means of its modalities (absolute, differential and of monopoly) for possessing lands under its domains in the surroundings of the city, promoting real estate enterprises and assuming themselves of extraordinary real estate profits through emphyteusis contracts. / Doutor

In recent decades, the practice of mindfulness has spread from its initial Eastern philosophical and spiritual roots and has been adapted in various Western contexts of service provision in attempts to improve the physical and psychological well-being of individuals with a diverse range of conditions. Secularized versions of mindfulness are currently being utilized in elementary schools. Given the rising presence of mindfulness practices in elementary schools, it is important to learn about educators’ experiences, perceptions, and beliefs regarding these practices. This study investigates how mindfulness practice is being conceptualized and taught in public elementary school settings with children. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with 6 educators in 3 public elementary schools within the same catchment area. A thematic data analysis approach was utilized to derive central themes from the interviews. The findings contribute to qualitative understandings surrounding the benefits and limitations of current practices. As well, approaches and strategies are proposed that could inform a more comprehensive practice of mindfulness and more consistent implementation in these settings. / Graduate

Um estudo dos contextos geográficos materializados pelas redes mundiais de computadores, uma caracterização do chamado meio técnico científico informacional em sua interface com a chamada Sociedade em Rede e da Informação, as relações entre tecnologia e sociedade, comunicação e espaço, bem como seus efeitos mais sensíveis para o mundo das cidades, em especial para as cidades brasileiras. Analisamos a criação dos meios técnicos e materiais que permitem a circulação, o armazenamento e intercâmbio de dados. Poderíamos chamá-lo de infra-estrutura concreta do espaço virtual. Este trabalho busca compreender o conceito e atualização da noção de rede delimitando a história e a geografia das redes digitais e da Internet no mundo e sua implantação e desenvolvimento no Brasil destacando os principais responsáveis pela construção de sua estrutura, bem como de seu atual funcionamento e perspectivas em aprimoramento, principalmente em seu aspecto social, ou em resumo uma inclusão digital consciente e utilizando as tecnologias da Informação através de políticas favoráveis à Sociedade e a Cultura. / A study of the geographic contexts materialized by the world-wide nets of computers, a characterization of the informational scientific technical medium in its interface with the called Society in Net and of the Information, the relations between technology and society, communication and space, as well as its more sensible effects for the world of the cities, in special for the Brazilian cities. We analyze the creation of the technical and material mediums that allow the circulation, the storage and interchange of data. We could call it concrete infrastructure of the virtual space. This work searches to understand the concept and update of the net notion delimited by history and geography of the digital nets and the Internet in the world and its implantation and development in Brazil detaching the main responsible ones for the construction of its structure, as well as of its current functioning and perspectives in improvement, mainly in its social aspect, a conscientious digital inclusion, using the technologies of the Information through politics favorable to the Society, the cultural diversity and bigger economic equality between the countries and social classes.

A problemática urbana sobre a qual nos debruçamos na presente pesquisa referese aos processos de degradação da vida dos habitantes da metrópole, não apenas material, mas, sobretudo, resultante do empobrecimento das possibilidades de apropriação dos lugares da cidade. Tal apropriação se reduz, dialeticamente, pelas estratégias de dominação do espaço, que impõem normas ao uso do espaço pelos habitantes como condição necessária a um espaço produto, condição e meio da acumulação capitalista. Todavia, a normatização da vida pelo regramento do uso do espaço não se realiza sem conflitos. A população urbana, nos momentos da vida cotidiana, transgride-a constantemente como meio de sobrevivência a uma cidade produzida sob a égide capitalista, que possui como centro a acumulação do capital, em detrimento da reprodução da vida. É nesta perspectiva de desvendar as estratégias de normatização do uso e as transgressões diante o processo de dominação do espaço que a pesquisa se insere, tratando de compreender a produção de um lugar na metrópole paulistana, que se apresenta contraditoriamente como um espaço de normatização e transgressão na medida em que se constituiu como uma centralidade na periferia. Esta reflexão se construiu a partir do conhecimento dos sujeitos que produziram o espaço da Favela Monte Azul - zona sul do município de São Paulo - destacando as ações de uma organização não governamental chamada Associação Comunidade Monte Azul, por entender seu papel de destaque na produção da singularidade desta favela diante as demais da metrópole. Para tanto, analisamos as bases de sua matriz discursiva, as estratégias e ações e, principalmente, as articulações entre os sujeitos existentes na favela por meio do processo de \"urbanização da favela\" e das atividades culturais - teatro. A hipótese orientadora da pesquisa fundamenta-se, portanto, na idéia de uma urbanização que aprofunda a degradação da vida, produzindo tensões e conflitos ainda mais violentos que podem impedir a reprodução das relações de produção, levantando \"barreiras\" ao processo de acumulação. Para não interromper o ciclo, uma das estratégias utilizadas é a dominação do espaço pela territorialização de instituições na periferia, que levam a cabo as normas elaboradas pela ordem distante (Estado/empresas privadas). Estas instituições, como as organizações não governamentais, tentam diluir as formas de organização e participação popular conforme introduzem a população às normas da cotidianeidade, isto é, às normatizações do uso através da legitimidade dada pela forma da propriedade e gestão dos serviços prestados. Contudo, essas mesmas instituições, na medida em que \"absorvem\" os conflitos, encontram-se em uma crise de sua própria reprodução. / The urban problematic into which we delve in this research is concerned with the process of degradation of metropolitan life resulting from shrinking possibilities of place appropriation in the city. This appropriation is dialectically constrained by the strategies of spatial domination, which impose rules to people\'s use of space as a necessary prerequisite to a space that is means, condition and product of capital accumulation. Nevertheless, the regulation of life through the control of spatial uses does not occur without contradiction. In everyday life, people are often violating these rules as a means of surviving in a city produced under capital\'s command and organized to meet the requirements of capital accumulation, instead of those of the reproduction of life. This research is, therefore, carried out with the aim of uncovering the strategies of regulation of uses and the transgressions that arise in the face of spatial domination, attempting to understand the production of a specific place in the city of São Paulo. This place presents itself contradictorily as a space of regulations and a space of transgressions, so long as it has become a centrality on the periphery. We derived such considerations from an understanding of the subjects that have produced the space of Monte Azul slum (southern area of the city of São Paulo), focusing on the actions of a non-governmental organization named Associação Comunidade Monte Azul (ACMA), which we considered to have a significant role in shaping the uniqueness of this place compared to others. We examined, therefore, the foundations of ACMA\'s discursive matrix, its strategies, its actions and the articulation of the subjects through the process of \"slum urbanization\" and through cultural activities (theatre). The guiding hypothesis of our research rests upon the assumption of an urbanization that intensifies the degradation of life, inevitably creating tensions and sparking ever more violent social conflicts that could pose threats to the reproduction of relations of production and erect barriers to accumulation. One of the strategies pursued in order to defend accumulation is the domination of space through the territorialization of institutions in the urban periphery. These institutions, such as non-governmental organizations, impose the rules set out by the distant order (State/corporations) and try to discourage collective participation and organization, all the while introducing people to the rules of everydayness, that is, to the regulation of uses through the legitimacy conferred by the type of propriety and management of the services offered. These very same institutions, though, as long as they \"internalize\" conflicts, find themselves sunk in a crisis of reproduction.

Esta dissertação trata da criação e do desenvolvimento de uma rede de leitura, com crianças da quarta série, de uma escola estadual, na cidade de São Paulo. O autor do trabalho, professor da turma em questão, desenvolveu sua proposta durante um ano letivo e reflete sobre os resultados obtidos. Descreve as etapas percorridas, bem como as situações envolvendo atos de leitura e a relação das crianças com diferentes tipos de textos e produtos culturais. Ao longo da dissertação são discutidas concepções de leitura, além de conceitos chaves do trabalho, como protagonismo cultural e apropriação cultural. A utilização de metodologia colaborativa permitiu a coleta de dados qualitativos relevantes, expostos sob forma narrativa. Diálogos são reconstituídos, assim como descritas minuciosamente diferentes situações cotidianas vividas por professor e alunos nos quadros da rede de leitura. Os resultados indicam a importância de se conceber o ato de ler como atividade sociocultural, inscrita em tramas complexas que envolvem diálogos diversos: entre as crianças, destas com os textos e os contextos familiares, o meio circundante, as instituições culturais, como bibliotecas, livrarias, centros culturais, museus, dentre outras. Como conclusão, também, aponta-se para a importância fundamental do diálogo como método e atitude da construção colaborativa, objetivado na rede de leitura. Aponta, ainda, o papel positivo desta como instância de superação do isolamento cultural a que estão expostas muitas crianças. A rede de leitura tal como desenvolvida e exposta neste trabalho, afigura-se, assim, como dispositivo educativo e cultural com forte capacidade de atuação positiva na formação de leitores, tomados como protagonistas culturais dos processos de apropriação que se acham investidos. / This dissertation discusses the creation and development of a reading network, with class 4 children of a state school in the city of São Paulo. The author of this work, also a teacher of this class, developed his proposal during a school year and reflects on the results obtained. He describes the steps followed as well as situations involving reading and the relationship of the children with different types of texts and cultural products. Throughout the dissertation, reading conceptions and the main concepts of this work, such as cultural protagonism and cultural appropriation are discussed. The employment of a collaborative methodology permitted the collection of relevant qualitative information, displayed in a narrative form. Dialogs are reconstructed and daily situations encountered by the teacher and students are meticulously described on the reading network notice boards. The results indicate the importance of recognizing reading as a sociocultural activity, inscribed into complex actions that involve a diversity of dialogs: between the children, with the texts and family contexts, the surrounding environment, the cultural institutions like libraries, book stores, cultural centers, museums, among others. In conclusion, the fundamental importance of dialog as a method and attitude towards constructive collaboration, an objective of the reading network, is discussed. Its positive role as a resort to the cultural isolation to which many children are exposed is also pointed out. The reading network, as developed and disclosed in this work, appears as an educative and cultural device with a strong capacity for a positive performance in the formation of readers, considered to be cultural protagonists of the appropriation processes that are invested.