Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This is a study of news reception carried out with three popular class families, which live in the Renascença Village, located at the West region of Santa Maria, in Rio Grande do Sul. The purpose of this research is to reflect about the uses and appropriations that these families do about the Jornal Nacional of Rede Globo de Televisão based on the communicative mediations of culture: sociability and rituality. For this, the theoretical axis of the research is Latin American Cultural Studies, mainly the Mediations Theory of Martín-Barbero (1987) and the social class concept of Pierre Boudieu (2006). The methodology of this study is a critical ethnography of reception, which was proposed by Ronsini (2010, p. 2). The results show that the uses and appropriations of news by the families are essentially determined by the social class which they belong as well as by their cultural, economic and social capitals. Furthermore, it is permeate by questions related with generation, because the news is important for the adults, which watch and appropriating of the messages daily, unlike the young that watch the news with low frequency and are interested in few reports of the news. The uses and appropriations also are related to gender, because, many times, is different for the men and women, beyond the domestic space and temporal configuration, which is mobilized in full during the television program exhibition. The mediations sociability and rituality are fundamental for the comprehension of the uses and appropriations of news because focus significantly on their configuration. The three investigated families elaborate their popular class representations based on their experience and their everyday, but also based on news, although they affirm that are not totally represented by the television program. The cultural capital of the three families is elaborated, primarily, by the media, mostly based on television (news and soap opera). / Esta dissertação é um estudo de recepção de telejornalismo realizado com três famílias de classe popular residentes na região Oeste de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. O objetivo principal é compreender os usos e as apropriações que essas famílias fazem do Jornal Nacional da Rede Globo de Televisão com base nas mediações comunicativas da cultura: sociabilidade e ritualidade. Para isso, a pesquisa é fundamentada nos Estudos Culturais latino-americanos, principalmente na Teoria das Mediações de Martín-Barbero (1987) e no conceito de classe social de Pierre Bourdieu (2006). A metodologia utilizada é a etnografia crítica da recepção (RONSINI, 2010). Os resultados demonstram que os usos e as apropriações do telejornal pelas famílias são essencialmente determinados pela classe social à qual pertencem, bem como pelos seus capitais cultural, econômico e social. Além disso, estes usos e apropriações são perpassados por questões relacionadas à geração, pois o telejornal tem fundamental importância para os adultos, que assistem e se apropriam das mensagens do telejornal diariamente, diferentemente dos jovens, que o assistem com menor frequência e se interessam por poucas reportagens. Os usos e apropriações também estão relacionados ao gênero, já que a assistência e o uso do telejornal, inúmeras vezes, é diferente para os homens e as mulheres investigados, além da configuração espacial e temporal do espaço doméstico, que é mobilizado por inteiro durante a exibição do programa televisivo. As mediações sociabilidade e ritualidade são fundamentais para a compreensão dos usos e apropriações do telejornal, pois incidem significativamente na configuração destes. As três famílias investigadas elaboram suas representações de classe popular a partir da sua experiência e seu cotidiano, mas também a partir do Jornal Nacional, mesmo que afirmem não se sentirem totalmente representados pelo programa de notícias. O capital cultural das três famílias é elaborado, majoritariamente, a partir da mídia, principalmente com base na televisão (telejornais e telenovelas).

Dans le contexte actuel de globalisation et de développement des nouvelles technologies, notamment internet, les modes d’appropriation des œuvres culturelles sont devenus de plus en plus faciles mais aussi variés et complexes. Cette thèse traite des modes d’appropriation des films français en Chine, et étudie trois terrains de recherche : les sous-forums des films Le Fabuleux destin d’Amélie Poulain et de La grande vadrouille sur Tieba et le sous-forum des Cahiers du cinéma sur Douban. Nous avons étudié deux types principaux des passionnés culturels : fan et amateur. Le premier est souvent lié aux films grand public. Les fans manifestent une série de caractéristiques dans l’appropriation des films : l’engouement pour leur objet culte, le désir de partager et de communiquer, créativité, collectivité, etc. Le film peut intervenir directement dans leur vie quotidienne à travers l’imitation et la copie des éléments ou des personages. Lorsqu’on parle des films d’auteur, nous avons trouvé que le terme « amateur » est plus approprié pour déterminer leurs publics. Ils déclarent souvent leur admiration d’une manière plus ‘discrète’. Ils s’intéressent souvent plus aux idées des réalisateurs ou aux techniques de la production du film qu’aux acteurs ou personnages du films et possèdent généralement de bonnes connaissances dans le domaine culturel. Voir les films d’auteur est aussi un moyen pour eux d’accumuler les capitaux culturels. Les deux postures ne sont pas conflictuelles. Certains amateurs construisent aussi des communauté et cherchent à partager et communiquer avec les gens qui ont les mêmes passions qu’eux. Cette complexité est encore plus évidente dans le cadre international. D’un certain point de vue, le visionnement des films français est devenu un acte distinctif pour certains publics chinois. Et l’appropriation des films français peut satisfaire un désir d’être plus ‘cultivés’. Ce travail vise à ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives dans les recherches sur l’appropriation des oeuvres culturelles. / In the current context of globalization and the development of new technologies, especially the internet, the modes of appropriation of cultural works have become easier but also more varied and complex. This thesis discusses the modes of appropriation of french films in China by studying on three areas of research: the subforums of Le fabuleux destin d'Amelie Poulain and La grande vadrouille on Tieba, and the subforum of Cahiers du cinema on Douban. We studied two main types of cultural enthusiasts: fan and amateur. The first is often linked to the popular films. The fans show a series of characteristics in the appropriation of movies: the passion for their cult object, the desire to share and communicate creativity, community, etc. The film can be directly involved in their daily lives through the imitation of elements or personages in the film. When we talk about “auteur cinema”, we found that the term "amateur" is more appropriate to determine their audiences. They often express their admiration in a more discrete way. For example, they are often more interested in the ideas of directors or the technical of production of the films than in the actors or characters. They usually have good knowledge in the cultural field: literature, film or art. Seeing the “auteur movies” is also a way for them to accumulate cultural capital. However, the two positions are not in conflict. Some ‘amateurs” also show a community which is manifested in their collective communications. This complexity is even more evident in the international background. In some ways, viewing the french movies has become a distinctive act for certain chinese audiences. So the appropriation of french films satisfy a desire to be more 'cultivated'. This work aims to open up some new perspectives in the research on the appropriation of cultural works.

Le travail de cette thèse se focalise sur le rôle de l’espace de la représentation comme un univers d’actions pour conduire la conception et l’aboutissement du projet d’aménagement et d’architecture. Il vise à renouveler les questions sur la scène actuelle de la pratique professionnelle au regard de la mutation permanente des outils de la visualisation mis en pratique. L’approche proposée par cette thèse est d’ordre systémique-compréhensive et tente de tisser des liens entre la nature de la pratique de la conception comme pratique basée de plus en plus sur des démarches collaboratives et la nature des dispositifs numériques comme univers fondés sur l’interactivité et la virtualité. Le premier univers est attaché au facteur humain, aux relations entre le praticien, son statut professionnel et les acteurs du projet ; le deuxième a pour entité l’idéalisation et l’artificialité du système numérique conçu pour répondre aux pratiques. Entre ces deux univers se place le modèle de l’utilisation, comme modèle invisible qui se forme par la conjonction entre une culture du projet et une culture numérique. Trois approches guident l’enquête ethnographique menée auprès des praticiens : une approche par l’« architecte-agence » comme entité qui a tendance à forger une identité professionnelle par la « production » et par le développement de compétences adaptées à la mutation de la profession ; une approche par le « projet » qui le présente comme environnement « organisateur » conditionnant le travail et le déroulement de la conception ; et une dernière approche par l’« appropriation » de la 3D comme phénomène que nous avons visé à identifier dès le démarrage de nos recherches. / This thesis focuses on the role of the environment of the representation, as an important sphere which leads the conception, and the development of architectural project. It aims to analyze the actual professional practice, and also the permanent evolution of the displayed tools used in these domains. The approach proposed by this thesis is based on a systematic-comprehensive matter, this approach try to develop links between the conception (as a first universe based on a collaboration between partners) and a second universe of numeric tools (marked by the interactivity and the vitality). The conception universe is attached to the human factor, to the relations between the practitioner, its professional status and the actors of the project, however the numeric environment presents a second universe based on the idealization and the artificiality of the digital system. The model of the use takes place between these two universes, as an invisible model which forms by the conjunction between a project’s culture and a numerical culture. Three approaches guide the ethnographical analyses realized with the practitioners: the first approach presents the “architect-agency” which develops a professional identity based on the “production” and on the development of adapted specific skills; the second approach concerns “the project” which is presented like a sphere influencing the work and the progress of the conception; the third and last approach is the use of 3D conception as a phenomenon which we aimed to identify in our research.

[pt] A proposta desta dissertação é analisar o processo de deslizamento e ressignificação de narrativas empreendido pelo mercado informal de DVDs do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de verificar de que modo a apropriação de produtos culturais por esse mercado paralelo suscita alterações na esfera de recepção de obras previamente produzidas para outros circuitos de distribuição. Atualmente, o desenvolvimento das tecnologias informacionais e as possibilidades de apropriação de conteúdos na internet vêm modificando as rotas de circulação dos produtos culturais. A estrutura descentralizada desta nova lógica cultural gera efeitos tanto no universo da recepção dos espectadores quanto no campo da produção dos grandes veículos de comunicação. Não se fazendo notar por produtos próprios, os esquemas de ação do mercado paralelo se caracterizam por suas maneiras inventivas de empregar os produtos já existentes, lançando mão de artimanhas, como reproduzir novas capas e atribuir outros títulos para os DVDs. No recorte desta dissertação, realizado a partir de vasto material reunido em pesquisa de campo, foram selecionados para análise alguns exemplares das séries de filmes, das coletâneas criadas pelos camelôs e dos chamados DVDs montagem, conforme são conhecidos no mercado paralelo os DVDs que nunca saíram oficialmente. / [en] The aim of this dissertation is to analyze the narratives sliding and reframing process launched by the DVD s informal market of Rio de Janeiro. The objective is to verify how the appropriation of cultural goods raise changes in the reception of works previously produced by another distribution system. Nowadays the development of information technologies and the possibilities of content appropriation in the web have been changing the routes of cultural goods. The decentralized structure of this new cultural logic brings effects not only to the universe of the spectator s reception, but also to the line production of major communication corporations. Not pointed out by its own products, the scheme of actions adopted by the parallel market are characterized by the managing of ready made products, making use of tricks such as reproducing new covers and renaming the DVDs with titles different from the original. In this dissertation, among a wide range of data collected in field research, pieces of DVD collections made by hucksters, as well as several DVD mountings (DVDs that have never been officially launched, as known in the parallel market) have been selected for analysis.

Background: The persistent Covid-19 pandemic tremendously challenged existing work teams as it drove spatial dispersion among colleagues and greater dependence on virtual communication tools. Consequently, teams were required to adapt proven communication practices that mediate the exchange of social information and the perception of proximity to teammates. Aim: We aim to broaden team studies’ theoretical understanding of communication behavior and proximity in the light of contextual changes by developing an empathic understanding of the contemporary phenomena. This entails identifying arisen communication behavior patterns and assessing the impact of behavioral changes on team members’ perception of proximity. Methodology: By conducting a qualitative case study, we investigated three teams of a medium-sized German fashion corporation. The iterative data collection entailed six semi-structured interviews with individuals and focus groups and complementary quantitative surveys. Findings: We posit that sudden spatial dispersion of familiar teams does not inevitable lead to greater perceived distance, but that a team’s ability to appropriate technology, so social needs are met, is decisive. Further, the new communication practices of all teams were found to maintain high levels of synchronicity and social informational value. Yet, communication quality and social exchange was partially hampered by reduced spontaneity, greater passiveness, and a loss of humor. This was found to be strongly influenced by team members’ attitudes towards used technology.

The project proposes the investigation into the adaptive re-use of abandoned and unused buildings in the Pretoria CBD to develop social housing that makes use of existing infrastructure, structures, economic activity and transport networks. This is done as a response to the need for social housing in the medium income market. Most developments for this market are built outside city limits and use precious resources and unnecessary new materials. This project focuses on what is currently known as Huis Potgieter, on the UNISA Sunnyside Campus, as a testing ground to develop theories and approaches that can be used in the development of future developments. Throughout the research conducted into the project, the residents have been emphasised as the main design informant, specifically by the regulations set out by the national government. Considering the highly user-centred approach as identified by the regulations, it is appropriate to approach it from an interior design knowledgebase. Looking firstly at the resident’s needs, those in similar housing developments and income markets have identified and emphasised the need and importance of shared public spaces. Other research has confirmed that public spaces are a large contributor to both the social and psychological well-being of the residents. This project focuses on providing public spaces as integrated areas within the building, interspersed between living units, in an effort to provide comfortable, inclusive, and enjoyable public spaces that encourage a sense of place among the residents. A design proposal to integrate interior public spaces into the daily lives of the residents was developed. Various public space theories were collated and synthesised to develop a set of theory-based guidelines for use in this and future social housing projects. The project aims to develop a proposal that considers all users in the development, both in their physical needs (in the form of an inclusive design approach), as well as their social and community needs, by providing public spaces that accommodate a wide range of users and activities. To benefit future studies and to contribute to the field of interior design, a new term, interior public spaces, was developed in order to describe the type of public spaces created. In order to create a strong identity for the building, which the users can relate and respond to in their own attachment and appropriation, the legibility of the intervention is large focus of the project. To increase the legibility of the building, the building identity – KwilaliCity - was developed to reflect strongly in the public areas of the building to create a common ground for all residents. The intervention ensures accessibility to its wide range of residents by introducing a strong inclusive design component, with a focus on wayfinding. Applying the wayfinding and inclusive approach early in the project allows for an integrated resolution that serves to strengthen the design approach. The intention that residents are encouraged to develop an attachment to KwilaliCity and their fellow residents is evident in the encouragement to appropriate specific elements in and around their homes, in order to reflect their identities and give them some control over their housing environment. / Hierdie projek neem voor om die her-gebruik van verlate en ongebruikte geboue in die Pretoria besigheidsdistrik te ondersoek, met die doel om sosiale behuising wat gebruik maak van bestaande infrastruktuur, strukture, ekonomise aktiwiteit en vervoernetwerke. Die projek het vorendag gekom as ‘n reaksie op die nood vir sosiale behuising in die medium-inkomstemark. Ontwikkelings vir hierdie mark word dikwels geplaas buite die stadperke, en gebruik waardevolle hulpbronne en onnodige nuwe material. Die projek fokus op wat tans bekend staan as Huis Potgieter, te vinde op die UNISA Sunnyside-kampus, as ‘n toetsarea waar teorieë en benaderings te ondersoek en wat in toekomstige uitbreidings gebruik kan word. Tydens die navorsing wat afgelê is vir die projek, is die inwoners beklemtoon as die hoof ontwerpinformant, hoofsaaklik deur die regulasies uiteengesit deur die nasionale regering. Met hierdie hoogs gebruiker-geörienteerde benadering, soos geïdentifiseer deur die regulasies, is dit toepaslik om gebruik te maak van die interieurontwerp kennisbasis. Eerstens word daar gekyk na die inwoners se behoeftes. Inwoners in soortgelyke behuising en inkomstemark het die behoefte en belangrikheid van gedeelde openbare ruimtes uitgelig en beklemtoon. Verdere navorsing het bevestig dat openbare ruimtes ‘n groot bydraende faktor is in die sosiale en sielkundige welstand van die inwoners. Die projek fokus op die voorsiening van openbare ruimtes as integreerde areas binne die gebou, verweef tussendeur die leefeenhede, in ‘n poging om gemaklike, toeganklike, en aangename openbare ruimtes te skep wat ‘n gevoel van plek by die inwoners aanwakker. ‘n Ontwerpvoorstel om die interieur openbare ruimtes te integreer met die daaglikse lewens van die inwoners is ontwikkel. Verskeie teorieë wat handel oor openbare ruimtes is versamel en saamgevat om ‘n stel teorie-gebasseerde riglyne te ontwikkel wat gebruik kan word in hierdie en toekomstige sosiale behuisingskemas. Die projek poog om ‘n voorstel te ontwikkel wat alle inwoners in ag neem, beide in hul fisiese behoeftes (in terme van ‘n inklusiewe ontwerpbenadering), sowel as hul sosiale en gemeenskapsbehoeftes deur inwoners van openbare ruimtes te voorsien wat ‘n wye spectrum van gebruikers en aktiwiteite kan akkommodeer Om toekomende interieurontwerpstudies te baat, is ‘n nuwe term, interieuropenbare ruimtes, ontwikkel om die soort openbare ruimtes, soos geskep in hierdie projek, te beskryf. Ten einde ‘n sterk identiteit te ontwikkel vir die gebou, wat die inwoners in staat sal stel om verband te hou en te reageer daarop deur hul aanhegtig en bewilliging, is die leesbaarheid van die ingryping ‘n groot fokus van die projek. Om die leesbaarheid van die gebour te verbeter, is ‘n gebou-identiteit – KwilaliCity – ontwikkel. Dit kom sterk voor in die openbare areas van die gebou om ‘n gelyke grondslag vir alle inwoners te skep. Die ingryping verseker die inklusiwiteit vir die wye reeks inwoners deur ‘n sterk inklusiewe ontwerpkomponent in te bring, wat fokus op die navigasie en leesbaarheid van die ruimtes. Deur hierdie benadering toe te pas vanaf die begin, maak voorsiening vir ‘n geïntegreerde oplossing wat help om die ontwerbenadering te versterk. Die bedoeling is dat inwoners aangemoedig word om aanhegting met KwilaliCity en hul mede-inwoners, en is aangebring in die aanmoediging om spesifieke elemente om hul eenhede te bewillig, in ‘n poging om hul identiteit te weerspieël en bietjie beheer te gee oor hul huislike omgewing. / Mini Dissertation (MInt (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Architecture / MInt (Prof) / Unrestricted

Some years ago I stumbled upon and straight into the bliss of the tropical paradise when setting foot in a Tiki bar for the first time. The story behind this enchanting pop cultural institution unfolded a history built upon colonial power, cultural appropriation and hegemonies. This paper investigates the western construction of the tropical paradise and the power relations that it is built upon. The work revolves around processing my own attraction towards the tropical paradise and adressing how eurocentric narratives have been depicting Oceanic cultures, people and environments in Western popular culture. I approach this attraction by both researching the colonial history of Europeans presence in Oceania and how those events intertwine with our ideas of the paradise on earth today, as well as making objects, scenes and performances that alludes to the topic. At the end of this phase of the project, the colonial gaze that constructed the tropical paradise is turned towards the West itself in the making of the installation Civilization Bar.

Depuis plusieurs années, les services de police ont connu des transformations importantes en matière de gouvernance. Ces changements font notamment référence à l’introduction des pratiques de gestion du secteur privé dans le secteur public. Cette introduction a fait en sorte d’inciter les institutions publiques, comme la police, à devenir plus créatives afin d’atteindre leurs différents objectifs établis par le gouvernement. Afin d’y parvenir, plusieurs de ces institutions publiques ont choisi d’adopter de plus en plus de technologie. Ainsi, l’étude des impacts technologiques sur le milieu policier a connu une croissance importante durant les dernières années. Néanmoins, nous n’en savons encore que très peu quant à la manière dont les policiers s’approprient ces technologies. Cette étude s’intéresse alors à mieux comprendre les impacts de l’introduction d’une nouvelle technologie au sein d’un service de police, notamment sur les dimensions sociales, culturelle et politique de l’appropriation de cette technologie par les policiers. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons 20 entretiens d’un projet-pilote sur la caméra corporelle d’un grand service de police municipale. Les résultats suggèrent la présence de plusieurs impacts et enjeux quant au port de la caméra corporelle notamment par la présence de résultats inattendus, que ce soit sur des enjeux ergonomiques, des enjeux liés au travail policier, des enjeux médiatiques ou des enjeux légaux et juridiques. Aussi, les résultats suggèrent également la présence de différents impacts sur la dynamique relationnelle des policiers soit avec les citoyens, leurs collègues et leur hiérarchie. Les résultats suggèrent également que la majorité des policiers interviewés sont d’accord sur le fait que la caméra corporelle apporte plus de désavantages que d’avantages au travail policier. Ainsi, devant ces contraintes perçues des policiers, cette recherche permet de démontrer que les policiers ne sont pas demeurés passifs devant l’introduction de la caméra corporelle et qu’ils se sont approprié la caméra corporelle. / For several years, police services have undergone significant changes in governance. These changes include the introduction of private sector management practices in the public sector. This introduction has encouraged public institutions, such as the police, to become more creative in order to achieve their different goals set by the government. In order to achieve this, many of these public institutions have chosen to adopt more technology. Thus, the study of technological impacts on the police environment has grown significantly in recent years. Nevertheless, we still know very little about how the police appropriate these technologies. This study is interested in understanding the impacts of the introduction of a new technology within a police service, particularly on the social, cultural and political dimensions through the appropriation of this technology by police officers. To do this, we use 20 interviews of a pilot project on the body camera of a large municipal police service. The results suggest the presence of several impacts and challenges regarding the wearing of the body camera, notably by the presence of unexpected results on ergonomic issues, issues related to police work, media issues and legal issues. The results also suggest the presence of different impacts on the relational dynamics of the police either with the citizens, their colleagues and their hierarchy. The results also suggest that the majority of police interviewees agree that the body camera brings more disadvantages than benefits to police work. Thus, in the face of these perceived constraints, this research makes it possible to demonstrate that the police did not remain passive when faced with the introduction of the body camera and that they appropriated the body camera.

Avsikten med denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka betydelsen av fysisk aktivitet inom skol- och fritidsverksamhet för elever med neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning för att tillgodogöra inlärningen. Studien knyter an till det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande. De frågeställningar som besvaras är: Har elever med neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning större behov av att röra på sig än andra och i sådana fall varför? Vad blir det för positiva förändringar hos elever med neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning som resultat av fysisk aktivitet/rörelse under deras skoldag? En enkätundersökning genomfördes på tre olika skolor med totalt 19 fritidslärare/extralärare och ett par specialpedagoger. Samtliga tillfrågade besvarade enkäten. Enligt studiens frågeställningar och utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet med fokus på begreppet appropriering framkom följande resultat. Elever med en neuropsykiatrisk funktionsnedsättning har hjälp utav att röra på sig mer. Respondenterna menar att elevernas kommunikation för lärande förbättras. Resultatet pekar på att eleverna fick genom att röra sig mer, bättre möjlighet att ta över och ta till sig – appropriera – kunskaper i en samspelssituation.  Enligt respondenterna är det tydligt att undervisningsresultaten försämras när eleverna är stillasittande för länge. Att fysisk aktivitet har betydelse för lärandet bekräftas av tidigare forskning. Slutsatsen av denna enkätundersökning är att genom ökad fysisk aktivitet så skulle appropriering av kunskap kunna underlättas för elever med neuropsykiatriska funktionsnedsättningar.

Conceptual tendencies in czech contemporary design Kamila Matějková Abstract Diploma thesis deals with conceptual tendencies emerging in contemporary Czech design and try to put them in historical and social context. It focuses primarily on product design, glass and ceramics and their development in the last decade. First, the thesis deals with the development of conceptual art, theoretical approaches to the design and the definition and circumstances of occurrence of conceptual design. The main part of the thesis focuses on conceptual tendencies that were observed based on research of contemporary Czech design scene. These tendencies are: the historical trend and tendency to appropriation of older works, the inspiration of nature and processing of environmental issues, the application of humor, exaggeration and story as a concept in design and a tendency to material experiment and experiment with material processing techniques. Keywords design, czech design, conceptual art, conceptual design, contemporary design, enviroment, appropriation