檔案是研究歷史或瞭解過去事情的重要工具，因此檔案館除了需善盡保存檔案之責外，還要提供檢索工具供使用者使用。隨著網際網路的蓬勃發展及資源分享概念的形成，透過WWW，採用更一致、更友善且更便利的方式進行檢索成為一種趨勢，檔案描述編碼格式（EAD）即逐漸發展出來。以此格式所製作的檢索工具，能適當地描述檔案的階層架構，且對於檔案資訊的描述較豐富。由於以標準為基礎且與平台無關，所描述的資訊可被搜尋、檢索、瀏覽，亦可方便資源共享與資訊交換，並有較長久的使用時間。在國外已有許多計畫研究EAD，也有檔案館實際利用EAD編製檔案檢索工具，並放在網站上供使用。為期EAD亦能應用在國內的中文檔案，乃進行本研究。 本研究採文獻分析法與試驗法。藉由文獻分析法，瞭解EAD架構、目前EAD的發展現況及實際使用情形；而試驗法為實際至國內檔案館調閱檔案資料，將這些資料編製成符合EAD格式的檢索工具，並放在網站上，以檢視其是否能在WWW上瀏覽使用。 研究結論為：(1)EAD編碼之檔案檢索工具所含資訊豐富，能在網路上直接檢索，便利使用，並能使檢索工具具有較長久的使用時間；(2)中文檔案編製成EAD格式之檢索工具，部份著錄項目可直接使用，部份則需另行輸入；(3)EAD格式可應用於中文檔案；(4)國外地區較易推展EAD的實施使用。建議有六項：(1)EAD DTD依中文檔案之特質需做調整修改或發展中文版EAD；(2)利用EAD製作中文檔案檢索工具；(3)訂定中文檔案描述相關標準；(4)配合相關軟體的使用；(5)應於文件生命週期初期做好文件整編工作；(6)不可輕忽人工分析與檔案整理的工作。 第一章 緒論..............................1 第一節 研究動機........................1 第二節 研究目的........................2 第三節 研究問題........................3 第四節 預期貢獻........................3 第五節 名詞解釋........................4 第二章 文獻探討..........................9 第一節 檔案描述與檢索工具..............9 第二節 檔案描述標準...................26 第三節 SGML...........................30 第四節 XML............................37 第五節 EAD的沿革......................42 第六節 EAD相關研究計畫................50 第三章 研究方法與步驟...................65 第一節 研究方法.......................65 第二節 研究範圍與限制.................66 第三節 研究工具.......................67 第四節 研究步驟.......................67 第五節 研究實施.......................69 第四章 EAD架構與使用現況................71 第一節 EAD架構........................71 第二節 EAD使用現況....................84 第五章 研究結果與討論..................101 第一節 研究結果......................101 第二節 綜合討論......................140 第六章 結論與建議......................145 第一節 結論..........................145 第二節 建議..........................147 第三節 後續研究建議..................149 參考書目................................151 附錄....................................161 附錄一 EAD DTD 1.0版標籤.............161 附錄二 中文檔案以EAD編碼之實例.......165

<p>I have for my one year master's thesis worked on arranging and cataloging the archives from the missions stations of Musana, Congo-Brazzaville and Sundi-Lutete, Congo-Kinshasa, belonging to the Swedish Missions Church (Svenska Missionskyrkan). The archives contained records written in Swedish, French and Kikongo, from primarily the years 1910 until 1961. Records have though been found that adhere from both prior to and after these years. These archives are deposited at the Swedish National Archive and it was therefore important to take the opinions and regulations of both parties into consideration, as well as relying onto archival theory.</p><p>The archives were initially scattered and had in some parts been organized by an archivist without formal schooling. The major difficulties in this work has therefore been to establish the provenance – to which creator the documents belonged to, and also to decide to which degree the principle of the original order should play a part. After considering different theories, I decided to respect the secondary order for the correspondence, since rearranging it would disrupt the concordance in the work already done by researchers.</p><p>To still make the archives accessible for the users in its existing order it required me to be aware of whom the user of the archive is, probable areas of research and how these archives are used. This information was then used when writing the archival description and the scope notes in the inventory. I have also taken decisions based on what is practically possible; it has because of regulations not been possible to physically bring the archive to one unit. Also, the circumstances of a shared custody of the archives also determined, in practice, how the inventory could be written.</p><p>This is a one year master's thesis in Archival Science, at the university of Uppsala, Spring semester of 2010.</p>

This paper examines the results of a usability study for finding aids from the Special Collections Research Center at North Carolina State University. In 2005, the Special Collections Research Center reformatted its finding aids so that the container information, typically located on the left-hand side of the document, moved to the right-hand side of the document. The study tested the effectiveness of this change, and determined that traditional finding aids performed better. The analysis of the study’s results is followed by a discussion about Web usability guidelines for online finding aids.

I have for my one year master's thesis worked on arranging and cataloging the archives from the missions stations of Musana, Congo-Brazzaville and Sundi-Lutete, Congo-Kinshasa, belonging to the Swedish Missions Church (Svenska Missionskyrkan). The archives contained records written in Swedish, French and Kikongo, from primarily the years 1910 until 1961. Records have though been found that adhere from both prior to and after these years. These archives are deposited at the Swedish National Archive and it was therefore important to take the opinions and regulations of both parties into consideration, as well as relying onto archival theory. The archives were initially scattered and had in some parts been organized by an archivist without formal schooling. The major difficulties in this work has therefore been to establish the provenance – to which creator the documents belonged to, and also to decide to which degree the principle of the original order should play a part. After considering different theories, I decided to respect the secondary order for the correspondence, since rearranging it would disrupt the concordance in the work already done by researchers. To still make the archives accessible for the users in its existing order it required me to be aware of whom the user of the archive is, probable areas of research and how these archives are used. This information was then used when writing the archival description and the scope notes in the inventory. I have also taken decisions based on what is practically possible; it has because of regulations not been possible to physically bring the archive to one unit. Also, the circumstances of a shared custody of the archives also determined, in practice, how the inventory could be written. This is a one year master's thesis in Archival Science, at the university of Uppsala, Spring semester of 2010.

In this essay I seek to examine how the Principle of Provenance can be discerned in the new activity-based wayof establishing an archival description. In which terms do authors of reports and works about archival descriptionspeak about provenance. Do they at all?In order to do so I have studied the history of the Principle of Provenance and what is to be its future – theregulation from the Swedish National Archives, RA-FS 2008:4. I have also read the referrel that was sent out toSwedish authorities, universities and other archival institutions. This to see how the referrel and the new ways ofarchival description was recieved, and also what was to be changed. To get a more extensive grip on the matter itwas necessary to read up on international standards on archival description, such as ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF),and standards for records management. How do they fit in to the activity-based archival description?

Keynote address delivered at the Archives Association of British Columbia in May 1998.

Submitted by Valdinei Souza (neisouza@hotmail.com) on 2015-10-07T19:33:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Urania Araujo (urania@ufba.br) on 2015-10-29T18:28:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T18:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SONIA MARIA FERREIRA DA SILVA-POSICI (2).pdf: 1514206 bytes, checksum: d05e2e92e88824ab79e213761e13a8a0 (MD5) / Pesquisa acerca da fotografia como fonte de informação para subsidiar pesquisas nas várias áreas do conhecimento. Universo pesquisado arquivo pessoal de Sílvio Robatto, arquiteto, fotógrafo e professor da Universidade Federal da Bahia. Esta figura insigne da inteligência da Bahia dedicou grande parte de sua vida a fotografar algumas temáticas referente à cultura baiana tais como : manifestações religiosas, populares e culturais (2 de julho, lavagem do Bonfim, carnaval, festa Iemanjá); arquitetura barroca; embarcações; arquitetura urbana da cidade de Salvador; espetáculo de dança e de teatro, que ocorreram em Salvador desde a década de 50. A arte de fotografar legou à família e à sociedade um rico acervo fotográfico que retrata a cultura baiana. Trata-se de documentação de imensa relevância que se encontra no anonimato e sem visibilidade. A partir desse arquivo fotográfico, apresentaremos pesquisa aplicada, descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e elementos quantitativos, fundamentada na observação e análise do arquivo em foco. Como resultado, apresentamos estudos realizados na área da ciência da informação (CI) e da descrição arquivística, com proposta de modelo de metodologia a ser aplicada para representar a informação do documento fotográfico, de modo que possibilite a sua recuperação e disseminação. / Abstract-This research is about photography as a source of information to support research in many areas of knowledge. Universe researched of personnel file Silvio Robatto, architect, photographer and professor at the Federal University of Bahia. This outstanding figure of intelligence of Bahia devoted much of his life to photographing some issues concerning the Bahian culture such as religious events, and popular culture (July 2, Washing of Bonfim, Carnival, Party of Yemanja); baroque architecture, craft, urban architecture of the city of Salvador, dance performance and theater, which occurred in Salvador since the 50s. His art of shooting left the family and society, a rich photographic collection portraying the Bahian culture. The documentation of his art is of immense importance and is anonymous and no visibility yet. From this photographic archive, we present descriptive applied research, with qualitative approach and quantitative elements based on observation and analysis of the file in focus. As a result, we present studies in the area of information science (CI) and the archival description as proposal of methodology model to be applied to represent the information of the photographic document in a way that facilitates their retrieval and of its dissemination.

In view of the potential presented by information and communication technologies, this study discusses access to the photographic archives of the Historical Archive of Santa Maria using the ICA-AtoM (International Council of Archives - Access to Memory) tool available on the world wide computers, based on theoretical criteria for archival description and access to digital documents. The proposed activities are discussed from preparing the documentation to the final presentation of the information to the user. It is a scientific research of an applied nature, exploratory and qualitative approach. The research is divided into five stages: 1) preparation of documentation and literature review, 2) digitization of documents, 3) the ICA-AtoM software installation; 4) description of photographs; and 5) analysis of the results obtained by previous practical activities, in comparison with the recommendations raised in the literature review. The electronic survey instrument is available on the Internet to users in general, containing archival descriptions and the digital representative, based on existing national recommendations. It was found that it is possible to perform digital capture using low-cost, guided by the recommendations of digital preservation. Regarding the software, it was found that there are many features that enrich and facilitate the activity of archival description and presentation of information to the end user. It was concluded that each institution has its own specifications in relation to archival description of the documentary genre and their preferences in the description, however, when compared to commercial solutions, ICA-AtoM software lets you explore enormous potential for a fraction of the cost of proprietary solutions, and guided by the standards of archival description. / Tendo em vista a potencialidade apresentada pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação, esta pesquisa discute o acesso ao acervo fotográfico do Arquivo Histórico Municipal de Santa Maria a partir do software ICA-AtoM (International Council Archives Access to Memory) disponibilizado na rede mundial de computadores, com base nos critérios teóricos arquivísticos exigidos para descrição e acesso. São discutidas as atividades propostas desde a preparação da documentação até a forma final de apresentação das informações ao usuário. É uma pesquisa científica de natureza aplicada, exploratória e de abordagem qualitativa. A pesquisa é dividida em cinco etapas: 1) preparação da documentação e revisão de literatura; 2) digitalização das fotografias; 3) instalação do software ICA-AtoM; 4) descrição das fotografias e; 5) análise dos resultados obtidos pelas atividades práticas anteriores, em confronto com as recomendações levantadas na revisão de literatura. O instrumento eletrônico de pesquisa estará disponível na internet para os usuários em geral, contendo as descrições arquivísticas e os representantes digitais, tomando por base as recomendações nacionais existentes. Constatou-se que é possível realizar a captura digital utilizando custo baixo e pautado pelas recomendações de preservação digital. Em relação ao software, verificou-se que há muitas funcionalidades que enriquecem e facilitam a atividade de descrição arquivística e apresentação das informações para o usuário final. Concluiu-se que cada instituição tem suas especificidades em relação à descrição arquivística do seu gênero documental e suas preferências na descrição, porém quando comparado com soluções comerciais, o software ICA-AtoM permite explorar enormes potencialidades por uma fração do custo das soluções proprietárias, e pautado pelas normas de descrição arquivística.

Neste estudo verificou a possibilidade, no contexto tecnológico digital, de como a relação dos padrões de descrição arquivísticos, representados por meio de metadados, estimulam a criação de ontologias leves com potencial uso no processamento e na interoperabilidade. Esta pesquisa justificou-se pela necessidade de interoperabilizar a informação digital, tanto para a difusão como para a preservação a longo prazo em sistemas de arquivo e na internet, e serviu para identificar a descrição arquivística como base para ontologias leves. A pesquisa utilizou método misto exploratório, comparativo e prospectivo. Com o método exploratório, nota-se que a descrição arquivística permite acesso a informação arquivística registrada e, conjuntamente ao vínculo arquivístico (Archival bond), é capaz de fornecer dados acerca do contexto de produção documental para sistemas de arquivo e para a Web 3.0. Para o estudo foram utilizados os padrões dos sistemas informatizados de arquivos, como o Sistema Informatizado de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos (SIGAD) e Modelo de Requisitos para Sistemas Informatizados de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos (e-ARQ), além dos Repositórios Digitais Confiáveis Arquivísticos (RDCArq) e o Modelo Record Continuum. Verificou-se que a confiança na cadeia de custódia e do contexto arquivístico podem garantir em longo prazo a confiabilidade do ambiente de guarda documental e a presunção de autenticidade. Relacionou-se a interoperabilidade com a organização da informação, a semântica e as ontologias. Com o método prospectivo concluiu-se que as ontologias têm seu papel na estruturação dos domínios de conhecimento e seu uso na tecnologia digital. Identificou-se as características das ontologias que podem resultar do uso de padrões arquivísticos e o resultado disso como uma Knowledge Organization System (KOS). Com o método comparativo, o estudo também relaciona os padrões arquivísticos e a descrição arquivística. Como achados, verificou-se que é possível a utilização de elementos de metadados para a estruturação de ontologia capaz de representar o contexto e a estrutura de arquivos, além de colaborar na disseminação da Informação arquivística, estruturando uma Ontologia Digital Arquivística. Assim, verificou-se que é possível a aplicação de ontologias para auxiliar na manutenção da cadeia de custódia e do contexto da informação arquivística e do documento arquivístico, além de seu uso na difusão e na preservação digital em longo prazo, tanto em sistemas de arquivo quanto na rede mundial de computadores. / This study analyzed the relationship of archival metadata description standards and the creation of ontologies for preserving archival information in operation systems and the Internet. This research is justified by the need to inter-operationalize digital information for broadcasting and preserving archival and Internet systems as well as identifying archival descriptions as a basis for ontologies. The research combined exploratory, comparative and prospective methodologies. Using an exploratory methodology, the author compared the Recordkeeping Systems, the Trusted Digital Repositories and systems developed by the model Record Continuum. The analysis verified that archival description permits access to archival information and that the archival bond is able to provide data about the documentary production context for file systems and Web 3.0. These findings suggest that confidence in the chain of custody and archival context can ensure long-term reliability of the document management environment. The study also evaluated the relationship between interoperability the organization of information in four of the most common global digital information structuring standards: International Standard Archival Description - General (ISAD-G), Brazilian Standard of Archival Description (NOBRADE), Encoded Archival Description (EAD), and Encoded Archival Context (EAC). These description elements enable informational professionals to build ontologies, which in combination with the context-focused EAC, facilitate the structuring of the archival bond as a Knowledge Organization System (KOS). The work concluded that ontologies have an essential role in the structuring of domain knowledge and its use in digital technology. Ontologies can follow the archival information in custody chain, mirror context and description information, and register archives as a domain knowledge, thereby creating a Archival Digital Ontology

Submitted by Priscilla Araujo (priscilla@ibict.br) on 2016-06-23T17:19:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) JEAN FREDERICK BRITO XAVIER.pdf: 1785438 bytes, checksum: f17977271213d535cec1a6521da9380b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T17:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) JEAN FREDERICK BRITO XAVIER.pdf: 1785438 bytes, checksum: f17977271213d535cec1a6521da9380b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-28 / O presente trabalho investiga a aplicação do software livre ICA-AToM em um dos maiores Arquivos brasileiros: o Arquivo da Marinha. Este software foi arquitetado para funcionar na internet e é baseado em normas arquivísticas internacionais, como a Norma Internacional de Registro de Autoridade Arquivística para Entidades Coletivas, Pessoas e Famílias ISAAR (CPF), a Norma Geral Internacional de Descrição Arquivística - ISAD(G) e a Norma Internacional para Descrição de Instituições com Acervo Arquivístico ISDIAH. Apesar de ter sido criado com base em normas indicadas pelo Conselho Internacional de Arquivos – CIA, esse trabalho questiona até que ponto o ICA-AToM atende ao processo de descrição documental do Arquivo da Marinha. Para medir a eficiência deste sofware, no que diz respeito a garantir o acesso da documentação do Arquivo da Marinha, é realizada, nas análises, uma comparação dos metadados utilizados na versão do ICA-AToM instalada no Arquivo da Marinha com os metadados estabelecidos pela Norma Brasileira Arquivística de Descrição – NOBRADE e pelo Modelo de Requisitos para Sistemas Informatizados de Gestão Arquivística de Documentos e-ARQ Brasil. Buscou-se entender cada um dos metadados especificados nestas normas e relacioná-los com as possíveis vantagens de uso dos mesmos. O resultado obtido nestas comparações foi a constatação de um conjunto de metadados e sugestões para que o Arquivo da Marinha possa otimizar o uso deste software e da sua descrição arquivística, que é fundamental na tarefa de garantir o acesso e a preservação do seu acervo. / The present work investigates the aplication of the free software Ica atom in one of the biggest brazilian archives: the Marine Archive. This software was created to work in the internet and based in archivistic international rules, like the international rule of register of archivistic authority to group entities, people and families ISAAR (CPF), the international rule of archivistic description ISAD(G) and the International standard for describing institutions with archival holdings-ISDIAH. Despite of being created based on rules indicated by the international Council of Archives - CIA, this work questions until what point the ICA-AToM answers to the process of documental description of the Marine Archive. To mesure the eficiency of this software, in order to garantee the access to the documents of the Marine Archive, a comparison of the metadatas used in the version of ICA-AToM, situated in the Marine Archive with the metadatas stablished by the brazilian archivistic rule of description (NOBRADE), is done in the analysis and by the “modelo de requisitos para sistemas informatizados de gestão arquivistica de documentos” - e-ARQ Brasil. There was an attempt to understand each one of the metadatas especyfied in these rules and relate them to the possible advantages of their use. The result of these comparisons was the realization of a group of metadatas and sugestions for that Marine Archive can optimize the use of this software and of its archivistic description, which is fundamental in the ensuring task the access and preservation of its collection.