By using the scientific essay as a method, I explore what facts affect the roles of me, the professional, and the patient during our first interaction. I also explore in which way the interaction could be affected by its location. My own professional experience as a physiotherapist is portrayed by two examples of patient-therapist interaction where the dialogue is “slow” and a sense of consensus, which is my goal, does not occur. Philosophers, authors and scientists help me to explore and reflect about my practical knowledge and how it can be developed. The essay shows different aspects on what losing health is about and how it influences the inequality in the interaction between the patient and the healthcare provider. Dialogue is a part of the treatment and when establishing a plan of rehabilitation it is important to get the relatives involved. By using different aspects of interpersonal meetings between me and the patient in this essay I want to develop the art of acting wisely in the moment, phronesis, which is the term philosopher Aristoteles created.

« Imagerie médicale et création artistique » participe à l'étude sur les liens qui se sont tissés entre art et médecine, depuis les représentations préhistoriques du corps, jusqu'aux techniques modernes de l'imagerie médicale. Mon expérience double d'artiste plasticienne et de médecin radiologue, a été le point de départ de cette réflexion pour ce travail de recherche. J'ai souhaité comprendre comment l'imagerie médicale pouvait s'inscrire dans l'histoire des représentations artistiques du corps humain, comme sujet ou comme matériau, et comme moyen d'investigation cognitif d'étude de la production et de la réception de l'œuvre d'art. La création artistique se retrouve être sujet et objet. Il s'agit d'étudier le corps des œuvres intégrant l'imagerie médicale à la lumières des connaissances anatomiques de chaque époque, et des possibilités techniques d'appropriation. Le développement très rapide de l'imagerie médicale a également permis aux neurosciences de progresser, et d'étendre leurs études à des domaines cognitifs intéressant la création artistique. Elles commencent à percer les processus les plus intimes de la création artistique, à décrire les différents mécanismes cérébraux mis en œuvre lors de l'élaboration d'artefacts artistiques et de leur réception. Je ferai donc appel à des scientifiques neurocogniticiens qui se sont particulièrement intéressés à la création artistique tels Semir Zeki, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Antonio R. Damasio, pour tenter de préciser comment se met en place le processus artistique et de quelle manière il peut, certaines fois, être associé à diverses pathologies. L'imagerie médicale a considérablement évolué ces dernières années et se développe encore très rapidement. C'est elle qui a permis le développement des neurosciences grâce surtout à l'imagerie fonctionnelle. / « Medical imaging and artistic relation » is concerned by the relationship forged between art and medicine, since prehistoric representations of the body, till modern medical imaging. My double experience of radiologist and visual artist was the starting point of this reflection for this research. I aimed to understand how medical imaging contributed, over history, to the artistic representation of the human body, be it as subject or as material, as well as it is a way of cognitive investigation in the process of creating and adapting an artwork. Artistic creation is both a subject and an object. I look up at the corpus of current techniques and the artworks incorporating medical imaging based of the anatomical knowledge available at a given period. The rapid development of medical imaging techniques contributed to the development of neurosciences and to the understanding of the cognitive areas related to artistic creation. The neurosciences are allowing to analyze the most intimate processes of artistic creation, and to describe the different brain mechanisms, used while developing and implementing artistic artifacts. I will therefore look at neurocogniticians scientists who were particularly interested in the process of artistic creation, such Semir Zeki, Jean-Pierre Changeux, Antonio R. Damasio, aiming to clarify how the artistic process is generated, and how it could, at times, be associated with various pathologies. Medical imaging has evolved considerably in recent years and is still progressing very quickly. Functional imaging has therefore enabled considerably the development of neurosciences.

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Denna essä syftar till att belysa och problematisera rådande ekonomiska och management-baserade styrningsformer och dess effekter inom hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet genom att undersöka hur läkekonsten och allmänläkares praktiska kunskap påverkas i en marknadsstyrd vård. Utgångspunkten är en gestaltning av en allmänläkares arbetsdag på en vårdcentral i Stockholm. Med avstamp i en hermeneutisk och politisk filosofisk tanketradition utforskar essän frågor kring patientens narrativ, läkares utmattning, samvete och empati, reflektion och motstånd, arbete och alienation samt konflikten mellan olika rationaliteter och kunskapsparadigm. Essän visar hur den nyliberala rationaliteten och nuvarande naturvetenskapliga och biotekniska paradigmen förstärker varandra och en reduktionistisk och ekonomisk människosyn. Essän förespråkar förändring genom en mer balanserad kunskapssyn och medicinsk praktik med en mobilisering av kollektiv och individuell fronesis hos läkare för att upphöja värdet av det mellanmänskliga mötet, den praktiska kunskapen och läkekonsten. / This essay aims to highlight and problematize current economic and management-based forms of governance and its effects in the healthcare system by exploring how the art of medicine and general practitioners' practical knowledge are influenced in market-based health care. The starting point is a narrative of a general practitioner's working day at a healthcare centre in Stockholm. The theoretical framework is mainly within the fields of philosophical hermeneutics and political philosophy. The essay explores questions about the patient's narrative, physician burnout, conscience and empathy, reflection and resistance, work and alienation, and the conflict between different rationalities and knowledge paradigms. The essay shows how neoliberal rationality and current paradigms of natural sciences and biotechnology reinforce each other and a reductionist and economic view of human being. The essay advocates change through a more balanced understanding of knowledge and medical practice with a mobilization of collective and individual phronesis in physicians in order to elevate the value of the interpersonal meeting, the practical knowledge and the art of medicine.

Denna essä syftar till att ur filosofiska och idéhistoriska perspektiv belysa utmaningar och möjligheter med artificiell intelligens (AI) och digitalisering inom hälso- och sjukvården, med fokus på läkekonst, kropp, hälsa och ovisshet. Essän undersöker hur automatisering och digitala vårdformer omformar läkekonstens grund, nämligen mötet mellan patienten och läkaren. Genom en fenomenologisk kritik av AI och teknikens väsen, belyses skillnaden mellan människan och maskinen och hur den levda erfarenheten är situerad, förkroppsligad, fylld av mening och delad med andra. Essän utforskar hur situationsunik kunskap som praktisk klokhet, fronesis, samt ett reflekterande förnuft, intellectus,kan hantera den ovisshet som är inbäddad i det allmänmedicinska mötet. Essän belyser även hur digitalisering och AI passar väl med pågående marknadsanpassning av sjukvården, där homo economicus och homo digitalis båda omformar kropp och hälsa till mätbara resurser och data. Avslutningsvis lyfts etiska dilemman kring AI och digitalisering, samt vikten av praktisk och existentiell kunskap som förutsättningar för utvecklandet och designen av en teknik som syftar främja det mänskligt goda. / This essay aims to illuminate challenges and opportunities with artificial intelligence (AI) and digitalization in health care, focusing on the art of medicine, body, health and uncertainty. The theoretical framework is mainly within the fields of phenomenology and philosophical hermeneutics. The essay explores how automatization and digital health care are transforming the essence of medicine: the patient – physician encounter. By a phenomenological critique of AI and the essence of technology, the essay highlights the difference between machines and humans and how lived experience is situated, embodied, filled with meaning and shared with others. The essay explores how situational knowledge such as practical wisdom, phronesis, and reflective understanding, intellectus, can deal with the uncertainty that is embedded in the medical encounter in primary health care. The essay also highlights how digitalization and AI fit well with current market adaptation of health care, where homo economicus and homo digitalis both transform body and health into measurable resources and data. Finally, ethical dilemmas of AI and digitalization are highlighted, as well as the importance of practical and existential knowledge as preconditions for the development and design of a technology that aims to promote the human good.