A Cohomologia de Hochschild é um invariante associado a álgebras o qual pode nos fornecer propiedades homologicas das álgebras e suas categorias de módulos. Além disso tem aplicações em Geometria Algébrica e Teoria de Representações, entre outras áreas. Para álgebras A sobre um corpo, o i-ésimo grupo de cohomologia de Hochschild HH^i(A,M) de A, com coeficientes no bimódulo M, coincide com Ext^i_{A^e}(A,M). Logo, este pode ser calculado usando uma resolução projetiva da álgebra como A-bimódulo. Diferentes autores como Dieter Happel, Claude Cibils, Edward Green, David Anick, Michael Bardzell e Andrea Solotar desenvolveram ferramentas para a construção destas resoluções em casos específicos. Um resultado recente e muito importante é apresentado por Andrea Solotar e Sergio Chohuy, onde se mostra a construção de uma resolução projetiva de bimódulos para álgebras associativas generalizando o resultado para álgebras monomiais feito por Bardzell. Nesta dissertação pretendemos introduzir ao leitor no conceito de Cohomologia de Hochschild mostrando a importância da mesma mediante resultados conhecidos para álgebras de dimensão finita. Além disso, apresentamos os conceitos e resultados do trabalho de Chohuy e Solotar mencionado acima. No decorrer deste trabalho complementamos algumas demonstrações dos resultados enunciados com o fim de propiciar uma ferramenta para o melhor entendimento dos tópicos trabalhados aqui. / The Hochschild Cohomology is an invariant attached to associative algebras which may provide us some homological aspects of the algebras and its category of modules. Moreover, it has applications to Algebraic Geometry and Representation Theory, among others areas. For algebras A over a field the Hochschild cohomology group HH^i(A,M) of A with coeficients in a bimodule M coincides with Ext^i_{A^e}(A,M). So it can be computed using a projective resolution of the algebra, as a bimodule over itself. Therefore different authors like Dieter Happel, Claude Cibils, Edward Green, David Anick, Michael Bardzell, Sergio Chohuy and Andrea Solotar developed tools for the construction of these resolutions in particular cases. A recent and very important result was introduced by Andrea Solotar and Sergio Chohuy, where they show a construction of a projective bimodule resolution for associative algebras generalizing the result for monomial algebras made by Bardzell. In this dissertation we intend to introduce the reader in the cohomology Hochschild concept, showing its importance through known results for finite dimensional algebras. Besides, we exhibit the concepts and results of Chohuy and Solotar mentioned before. During this text, we complement some demonstrations with the purpose of giving a tool for the a better understanding.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-06T22:54:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NilsoFrancio.pdf: 1162448 bytes, checksum: 820cafcb875b3e933fd4d4c28f78f827 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-06T22:54:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NilsoFrancio.pdf: 1162448 bytes, checksum: 820cafcb875b3e933fd4d4c28f78f827 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nenhuma / Este estudo, realizado no Assentamento Wesley Manoel dos Santos, no município de Sinop, MT, teve como objetivo verificar que funções as organizações econômicas e sociais de caráter associativo e cooperativo, existentes em alguns dos seus 497 lotes, têm cumprido na geração de renda dos agricultores familiares assentados. Igualmente, o estudo buscou verificar em quais condições produtivas, socioeconômicas e socioculturais o seu papel pode ser ou já está sendo fortalecido. Entre as referências bibliográficas que compuseram a base teórica do trabalho, destacam-se: José Vicente Tavares dos Santos, tratando da colonização no Estado de Mato Grosso; Sérgio Schneider, Maria de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley, examinando a agricultura familiar; José de Souza Martins, Ricardo Abramovay, Luiz Gaiger e Rosemeire Aparecida Scopinho, a respeito do associativismo e do cooperativismo; José de Souza Martins e Márcio Pochmann, em aspectos da questão social; Luiz Gaiger e Jean-Louis Laville, em relação à economia solidária e à geração de renda. O principal método de pesquisa utilizado foi o Levantamento, por intermédio de questionário amostral padronizado. Para maior confiabilidade dos dados coletados, foi aplicada aos resultados uma análise probabilística com margem de erro de 12,47% e grau de confiança de 95%. Os principais resultados indicam a importância do associativismo e a existência de fatores positivos para o seu fortalecimento no Assentamento, como a organização da produção pecuária de leite, a produção de banana e farinha de mandioca e a compra de equipamentos e materiais em comum. Em longo prazo, as instituições externas poderão fortalecer a sustentabilidade do Assentamento se forem, de fato, implantadas políticas de produção sustentáveis e formas de comercialização associativas ou cooperativas. / This study, which was conducted at the Wesley Manoel dos Santos Settlement, at Sinop, MT, aims to identify what functions the economic and social organizations of an associative and cooperative character, existing in some of their 497 plots, have contributed to fulfilling the income generated by farmers and settlers. It also sets out to determine under what productive conditions, socioeconomic and sociocultural, its role may be, or already is being used, in strengthening their income. The main theoretical basis of the bibliographies of this research are: José Vicente Tavares dos Santos, dealing with the colonization in Mato Grosso, Sérgio Schneider, Maria de Nazareth Baudel Wanderley, examining family farming, José de Souza Martins, Ricardo Abramovay, Luiz Gaiger, Rosemeire Aparecida Scopinho, association and cooperation, José de Souza Martins, Márcio Pochmann, addressing aspects of social issue; Luiz Gaiger and Jean-Louis Laville, developing the social economy and the consequent generated income. The main research method used to obtain the information and statistics, was by means of a standardized questionnaire. For greater reliability and accuracy of the data collected, the results of a probability analysis were applied with an error margin of 12.47%, and a confidence level of 95%. The main results clearly show the importance of positive factors and associations which contribute to the empowerment of the Settlement, such as the organization of livestock, milk production, bananas and flour, and also for the purchase of equipment and farming related materials. In the long term, institutions may strengthen the sustainability of the settlement if there are actual implemented policies for production and marketing in a cooperative or associative structure.

Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise das práticas associativas de imigrantes italianos na cidade de Ribeirão Preto entre o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XX. A escolha da cidade de Ribeirão Preto deveu-se, além da expressividade do fluxo migratório italiano, ao perfil do imigrante e à sua participação na dinâmica sócio-econômica de uma sociedade local inserida na expansão cafeeira no Estado de São Paulo. O foco da reflexão, por sua vez, centrou-se na forma como esses imigrantes se organizaram e intensificaram suas relações através de mecanismos de ajuda mútua e de solidariedade, ganhando novos espaços e significados num país que desconhecia políticas de previdência social. No decorrer da dinâmica cotidiana e das inúmeras adaptações, essa prática associativa adquiriu novos significados através de uma mediação entre a (re)criação de uma identidade coletiva de \"italianidade\" e os costumes diversos de um grupo que, apesar de heterogêneo, em vários momentos necessitou demonstrar coesão. Além da contingência gerada pelo próprio ato de migrar, os diversos segmentos sociais de uma Itália em processo de unificação, ao criarem suas redes sociais, depararam-se com a necessidade de uma identidade étnica, apesar dos diversos conflitos de interesses. Assim, o objetivo de conquistar a liberdade/dignidade, fosse pelo trabalho, pelo exercício da cidadania, ou pela declaração afirmativa de luta de classes, possuiu a solidariedade e identidade étnica como instrumento hábil. Para tanto, enfoquei a formação das sociedades italianas Societá Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso Unione Italiana, Societá Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso Unione e Fratellanza, Societá Unione Meridionale, Societá di Mutuo Soccorso e Beneficenza Pàtria e Lavoro e a Societá Dante Alighieri. A documentação em questão se insere num conjunto de livros de atas, listas de sócios, imprensa de língua nacional e italiana, registros de impostos e outros registros referentes aos membros das sociedades e da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Diante desse grande conjunto documental, optei por analisar a formação das respectivas sociedades, seus principais integrantes e suas inúmeras estratégias e, ao analisá-lo, procurei compor uma leitura que refletisse sobre as práticas desses imigrantes e como lograram associações que tiveram grande importância na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. / The object of this thesis is to analyze the practices of communal associations of Italian immigrants in Ribeirão Preto city at the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century. Ribeirão Preto was chosen not only because it received a large number of Italian immigrants, but also for their profile and participation in the social and economic dynamics of a society located in a region of expanding coffee plantations in the State of São Paulo. The specific focus was the way these immigrants organized themselves and developed strong relationships via mechanisms of mutual help and solidarity, creating new spaces and meanings in a country where social welfare policies were unknown. By virtue of the daily routine and numerous adaptations, these association practices gained new significance through a dialogue between the (re)creation of a collective identity of \"Italianness\" and the diverse customs of a group that, while heterogeneous, on various occasions needed to show cohesion. Besides the specific circumstances created by the migration itself, the varied social segments of an Italy in the process of unification, in creating their social networks, came up against the need for an ethnic identity, in spite of the numerous conflicts of interest. Therefore, the aim of conquering freedom and dignity, be it by work, by exercising citizen\'s rights or by a conscious declaration of class struggle, could count on the existing solidarity and ethnic identity in the community. In this light, I focused on the formation of the Italian societies Societá Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso Unione Italiana, Societá Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso Unione e Fratellanza, Societá Unione Meridionale, Societá di Mutuo Soccorso e Beneficenza Pàtria e Lavoro and the Societá Dante Alighieri. The documents in question are part of a set of minutes of meetings, member lists, the Portuguese and Italian language press, tax and other records referring to members of the societies and inhabitants of Ribeirão Preto. Faced with this large set of documents, I decided to analyze the formation of those societies, their leading members and their varied strategies and, on the basis of this analysis, to present a reading that would reflect the practices of these immigrants and how they managed to set up these important societies in Ribeirão Preto.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Silverio Rafide Veloso.pdf: 245747 bytes, checksum: f39aea677b1c17179725535cdad24ab9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-23 / This study intends to identify and evaluate the influence of an associative culture in the performance of small companies. It also analyzes the entrepreneurial behavior of those rs involved in the process. Emphasis is given to the success businessmen have in identifying risks. This is a characteristic of successful entrepreneurs according to the United Nations. The study also notes the EMPREENDER Project developed in partnership between the Servi?o Brasileiro de Apoio ?s Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) and the Confedera??o das Associa??es Comerciais do Brasil (CACB). This Project uses the methodology of the formation of nets, with the objective to strengthen and stimulate this organizational modality. Ahead of the importance that small companies exert as generators of income, jobs and regional development, it was demonstrated that as they become more competitive and extend their viability, they adopt an associative behavior in business operations. They go on to organize under the nets format. Thus, showing the resulting achievements from mutual cooperation. / Com este estudo pretende-se identificar e avaliar a influ?ncia da cultura associativista no desempenho de micro e pequenas empresas, bem como analisar os comportamentos empreendedores dos empres?rios envolvidos no processo, dando ?nfase principalmente ? identifica??o de oportunidades, visto que esta ? uma das caracter?sticas dos empreendedores de sucesso, segundo a ONU. O trabalho registra tamb?m o Projeto Empreender desenvolvido em parceria entre Sebrae e CACB (Confedera??o das Associa??es Comerciais do Brasil) em que a metodologia emprega a forma??o de redes com o objetivo de fortalecer e incentivar esse tipo de organiza??o. Diante da import?ncia que as micro e pequenas empresas exercem como agentes geradores de renda, emprego e desenvolvimento regional, procurou-se demonstrar como se tornam mais competitivas e ampliam sua expectativa de vida quando adotam comportamento associativista, em uma linha empreendedora, passando a se organizar sob o formato de redes; assim apresentam as conquistas decorrentes da coopera??o entre elas.

Esta dissertação é uma pesquisa qualitativa em Psicologia Social. Seu objetivo concentrou-se em investigar se a inserção de imigrantes portugueses, em espaços associativos lusitanos da cidade de São Paulo, pode ser visto como uma tentativa destes de resistirem aos processos de desenraizamento, ocasionados pela ruptura proveniente do ato de emigrar de seu país de origem. O método escolhido pautou-se na análise das histórias de vida transmitidas pelas narrativas orais. Desse modo, embarcamos nas vicissitudes da vida de seis portugueses, nascidos nas décadas de 1920 e 1930 e percorremos três tempos de suas biografias: tempos da infância, período de mudança e, por último, a vida no Brasil. O conceito de enraizamento e de desenraizamento, que rege o aporte teórico da pesquisa, foi extraído da obra da filósofa francesa Simone Weil, difundida no Brasil pela psicóloga social Éclea Bosi. Ademais, ao longo desta dissertação, dialogamos com estudiosos de diversos campos de conhecimento, como sociólogos, historiadores, filósofos e psicólogos, a fim de refletir a respeito da hipótese desta pesquisa, a saber se a participação em uma organização coletiva pode ser considerada um ponto favorável para que o sofrimento da ruptura biográfica não esfacele a memória do passado, preservando os vínculos e as lembranças destes portugueses. Por fim, apontamos que estas organizações foram criadas e mantidas como formas de enfrentar o sofrimento psicossocial gerado pela emigração. Constatamos que a inserção dos seis idosos portugueses nas entidades estudadas foi considerada como um movimento de ir ao encontro do familiar. Concluímos que, ao articular nesses espaços experiências do passado que os impulsionaram para o futuro, provendo ancoramento por meio do respaldo identitário, cultural e memorialístico, estes tiveram, novamente, a oportunidade se re-enraizar / This master thesis is a qualitative research in Social Psychology. Its aim was to investigate whether the insertion of portuguese immigrants into lusitanian associative spaces in the city of São Paulo can be seen as an attempt by these to resist the uprooting processes caused by the rupture resulting from the emigration of their country of origin. The method chosen was based on the analysis of the life histories transmitted by the oral narratives. In this way, we embark on the vicissitudes of the life of six portuguese, born in the 1920s and 1930s and go through three times of their biographies: childhood times, the period of change and, finally, life in Brazil. The concept of rooting and rootlessness, which governs the theoretical contribution of the research, was extracted from the work of the french philosopher Simone Weil, spread in Brazil by the social psychologist Éclea Bosi. Furthermore, throughout this dissertation, we have dialogues with researchers from different fields of knowledge, such as sociologists, historians, philosophers and psychologists, in order to reflect on the hypothesis of this research, to know if the participation in a collective organization can be considered a favorable point for what the suffering of the biographical rupture does not exclude the memory of the past, preserving the ties and the memories of these portuguese. Finally, we point out that these organizations were created and maintained as ways of facing the psychosocial suffering generated by emigration. We found that the inclusion of the six Portuguese elderly in the studied entities was considered as a movement to meet the familiar. We conclude that by articulating in these spaces past experiences that propelled them into the future, providing anchoring through the support of identity, culture and memorialism, they again had the opportunity to re-rooted

Esta tese tem como objetivo a análise das práticas associativas de imigrantes italianos na cidade de Ribeirão Preto entre o final do século XIX e as duas primeiras décadas do século XX. A escolha da cidade de Ribeirão Preto deveu-se, além da expressividade do fluxo migratório italiano, ao perfil do imigrante e à sua participação na dinâmica sócio-econômica de uma sociedade local inserida na expansão cafeeira no Estado de São Paulo. O foco da reflexão, por sua vez, centrou-se na forma como esses imigrantes se organizaram e intensificaram suas relações através de mecanismos de ajuda mútua e de solidariedade, ganhando novos espaços e significados num país que desconhecia políticas de previdência social. No decorrer da dinâmica cotidiana e das inúmeras adaptações, essa prática associativa adquiriu novos significados através de uma mediação entre a (re)criação de uma identidade coletiva de \"italianidade\" e os costumes diversos de um grupo que, apesar de heterogêneo, em vários momentos necessitou demonstrar coesão. Além da contingência gerada pelo próprio ato de migrar, os diversos segmentos sociais de uma Itália em processo de unificação, ao criarem suas redes sociais, depararam-se com a necessidade de uma identidade étnica, apesar dos diversos conflitos de interesses. Assim, o objetivo de conquistar a liberdade/dignidade, fosse pelo trabalho, pelo exercício da cidadania, ou pela declaração afirmativa de luta de classes, possuiu a solidariedade e identidade étnica como instrumento hábil. Para tanto, enfoquei a formação das sociedades italianas Societá Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso Unione Italiana, Societá Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso Unione e Fratellanza, Societá Unione Meridionale, Societá di Mutuo Soccorso e Beneficenza Pàtria e Lavoro e a Societá Dante Alighieri. A documentação em questão se insere num conjunto de livros de atas, listas de sócios, imprensa de língua nacional e italiana, registros de impostos e outros registros referentes aos membros das sociedades e da cidade de Ribeirão Preto. Diante desse grande conjunto documental, optei por analisar a formação das respectivas sociedades, seus principais integrantes e suas inúmeras estratégias e, ao analisá-lo, procurei compor uma leitura que refletisse sobre as práticas desses imigrantes e como lograram associações que tiveram grande importância na cidade de Ribeirão Preto. / The object of this thesis is to analyze the practices of communal associations of Italian immigrants in Ribeirão Preto city at the end of the 19th century and in the first two decades of the 20th century. Ribeirão Preto was chosen not only because it received a large number of Italian immigrants, but also for their profile and participation in the social and economic dynamics of a society located in a region of expanding coffee plantations in the State of São Paulo. The specific focus was the way these immigrants organized themselves and developed strong relationships via mechanisms of mutual help and solidarity, creating new spaces and meanings in a country where social welfare policies were unknown. By virtue of the daily routine and numerous adaptations, these association practices gained new significance through a dialogue between the (re)creation of a collective identity of \"Italianness\" and the diverse customs of a group that, while heterogeneous, on various occasions needed to show cohesion. Besides the specific circumstances created by the migration itself, the varied social segments of an Italy in the process of unification, in creating their social networks, came up against the need for an ethnic identity, in spite of the numerous conflicts of interest. Therefore, the aim of conquering freedom and dignity, be it by work, by exercising citizen\'s rights or by a conscious declaration of class struggle, could count on the existing solidarity and ethnic identity in the community. In this light, I focused on the formation of the Italian societies Societá Operaia di Mutuo Soccorso Unione Italiana, Societá Italiana di Mutuo Soccorso Unione e Fratellanza, Societá Unione Meridionale, Societá di Mutuo Soccorso e Beneficenza Pàtria e Lavoro and the Societá Dante Alighieri. The documents in question are part of a set of minutes of meetings, member lists, the Portuguese and Italian language press, tax and other records referring to members of the societies and inhabitants of Ribeirão Preto. Faced with this large set of documents, I decided to analyze the formation of those societies, their leading members and their varied strategies and, on the basis of this analysis, to present a reading that would reflect the practices of these immigrants and how they managed to set up these important societies in Ribeirão Preto.

In this study we investigated whether a musical prime would produce a contextspecificity effect in predictive learning. Participants were divided into six conditions of a spy-radio predictive learning task. The six conditions were comprised of a combination of three primes (i.e. visual, music, or both) and two learning phase groups (i.e. retrieve, default). The primes indicated the type of stimulus used to prime the temporal context for the test cue-outcome association. The learning phase groups indicated which temporal context would be primed. In the retrieve group, learning Phase 1 was primed; in the default group learning Phase 2 was primed. The presence of a temporal contextspecificity effect was indicated by lower test predictive judgments for the test cue X in the retrieve group and higher test predictive judgments for this cue in the default group. We hypothesized that all three types of primes would lead to a significant contextspecificity effect. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the context-specificity effect would be strongest in the both prime condition because, with the presentation of both the visual and musical primes, participants would have more information about the learning phase temporal context to inform their test predictive judgment. The results partially supported the first hypothesis as there was a significant context-specificity effect with the visual prime. However, contrary to our hypotheses, we did not obtain a context-specificity effect with the music prime or both prime. Despite the lack of a context-specificity effect in the music prime condition, a relationship between participant musical expertise and predictive judgment suggested that the music did have an effect on context-specificity in predictive learning.

Since the introduction of the American Academy of Pediatrics Back to Sleep Campaign infants have not met the recommendation to “incorporate supervised, awake “prone play” in their infant’s daily routine to support motor development and minimize the risk of plagiocephaly”. Interventions are needed to increase infants’ tolerance for prone position and prone playtime to reduce the risk of plagiocephaly and motor delays. Associative learning is the ability to understand causal relationship between events. Operant conditioning is a form of associative learning that occurs by associating a behavior with positive or negative consequences. Operant conditions has been utilized to encourage behaviors such as kicking, reaching and sucking in infants by associating these behaviors with positive reinforcement. This dissertation is a compilation of three papers that each represent a study used to investigate a potential play based interventions to encourage prone motor skills in infants. The first paper describes a series of experiment used to develop the Prone Play Activity Center (PPAC) and experimental protocols used in the other studies. The purpose of the second study was to determine the feasibility of a clinical trial comparing usual care (low tech) to a high-tech intervention based on the principles of operant conditioning to increase tolerance for prone and improve prone motor skills. Ten infants participated in the study where parents of infants in the high tech intervention group (n=5) used the PPAC for 3 weeks to practice prone play. Findings from this study suggested the proposed intervention is feasible with some modifications for a future large-scale clinical trial. The purpose of the third study evaluated the ability of 3-6 months old infants to demonstrate AL in prone and remember the association learned a day later. Findings from this study suggested that a majority of infants demonstrated AL in prone with poor retention of the association, 24 hours later. Taken together these 3 papers provide preliminary evidence that a clinical trial of an intervention is feasible and that associative learning could be used to reinforce specific prone motor behaviors in the majority of infants.

If an organism is explicitly taught an A->B association, then might it also spontaneously learn the symmetrical B->A association? There is only a small amount of evidence that attests to the detection of emergent symmetry in nonhuman animals (e.g., one chimpanzee and two pigeons). This report examines the necessary and sufficient conditions for finding emergent symmetry in pigeons while attempting to control for the problems of spatial and temporal location found in previous symmetry and stimulus equivalence experiments. Using a successive go/no go matching-to-sample procedure, which showed all of the training and testing stimuli in one location, four experimental manipulations were examined. In Experiment 1 temporal location was controlled without the inclusion of identity matching intermixed with arbitrary matching; Experiment 2 contained identity matching with stimuli different from arbitrary matching; in Experiment 3 identity matching was trained to criterion and then intermixed with arbitrary matching; and in Experiment 4 two sets of arbitrary matching were trained (e.g., AB and CD) but only one of those stimulus sets was trained in identity matching (e.g., AB). No evidence of emergent symmetry was found in Experiments 1 and 2. In Experiment 3, two pigeons showed moderate evidence of emergent symmetry, one pigeon showed suggestive evidence of emergent symmetry, and one pigeon did not show any evidence of emergent symmetry. In Experiment 4, two pigeons showed moderate evidence of emergent symmetry with the AB Stimulus Set (one of those pigeons also showed suggestive evidence of emergent symmetry with the CD Stimulus Set) and one pigeon did not show any evidence of emergent symmetry with either stimulus set. These data suggest that intermixing identity matching with the same stimuli used in arbitrary matching is a necessary, but not sufficient condition to obtaining emergent symmetry in pigeons.

In the wake of recent corporate accounting scandals, auditors are encouraged to improve their method of fraud detection. Although Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 99 does not change the responsibility of the auditor for detecting fraud, it does provide new procedural requirements for assessing fraud risk, such as brainstorming among key team members about the potential for fraud. Using audit interns and internal auditors, this study empirically examines two interventions hypothesized to improve the quality of ideas generated by audit interns and internal auditors. In the first intervention, auditors use a computer-based group support system to brainstorm either non-anonymously or anonymously. For the second intervention, auditors were either trained to use a paradigm-modifying creativity technique or not trained. Additionally, it is hypothesized that the creativity training will have the greatest impact on brainstorming effectiveness when auditors brainstorm anonymously. However, the results suggest that audit interns working non-anonymously generated the greatest number of fraud ideas and also the greatest number of original ideas. Audit interns who received training on a paradigm-modifying creativity training technique generated the greatest number of unique ideas and received, on average, the highest usefulness to the audit process score.