Orientador: Rogério de Castilho Jacinto / Resumo: Esportes de contato podem levar a traumatismos dentários, que muitas vezes podem ser reduzidos com medidas preventivas apropriadas, como o uso de protetores bucais. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar o conhecimento dos atletas da delegação esportiva da cidade de XXXXX sobre traumatismo dentário, a prevalência e o tipo de traumatismos ocorridos durante suas atividades esportivas, a conscientização e hábitos de utilização dos dispositivos de proteção e por fim, avaliação do impacto das ações educativas e preventivas implementadas nessa comunidade. O estudo foi dividido em quatro partes: 1) Aplicação do questionário 1 (n= 94); 2) Atendimento dos atletas e confecção dos protetores bucais personalizados; 3) Palestra e entrega dos protetores e 4) Aplicação do questionário 2 (n= 41). Após responderem o questionário 1, os atletas incluídos no estudo foram moldados para fabricação dos protetores bucais. As palestras sobre trauma dentário e primeiros socorros, aconteceram com a entrega dos protetores bucais personalizados. O questionário 2 foi aplicado para avaliar o efeito da medida educacional e a adaptação aos protetores bucais. Os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste do qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O conhecimento sobre trauma, demonstrado pelos participantes foi inadequado. A prevalência de trauma foi maior no gênero masculino (49%) e o trauma mais relatado foi a fratura dentária (12,8%) (p>0,05). 76,6% dos atletas disseram nunc... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Contact sports can lead to dental trauma, which can often be reduced with appropriate preventive measures, such as the use of mouthguards. The objectives of this study were to verify the knowledge of athletes from the sports delegation in the city of XXXXX about dental trauma, the prevalence and type of trauma that occurred during their sports activities, awareness and habits of using protective devices and, finally, assessment of impact of educational and preventive actions implemented in this community. The study was divided into four parts: 1) Application of questionnaire 1 (n = 94); 2) Attending athletes and making personalized mouthguards; 3) Lecture and delivery of protectors and 4) Application of questionnaire 2 (n = 41). After answering questionnaire 1, the athletes included in the study were molded to manufacture mouthguards. The lectures on dental trauma and first aid took place with the delivery of personalized mouth guards. Questionnaire 2 was applied to assess the effect of the educational measure and the adaptation to mouthguards. The collected data were submitted to descriptive analysis and chi-square test, with a 5% significance level. The knowledge about trauma, demonstrated by the participants, was inadequate. The prevalence of trauma was higher in males (49%) and the most reported trauma was dental fracture (12.8%) (p> 0.05). 76.6% of athletes said they had never used mouthguards before. After the lectures, the participants showed a significant improvement ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

The pressure on athletes to perform and stay healthy is ever more intense. This being the case, athletes suffering injuries of the operative nature with extensive rehabilitation protocols are more prone to psychological ramifications related to their injury and rehabilitation. Literature has addressed some of the issues; however the role of self-efficacy on rehabilitation adherence has not directly been evaluated. Furthermore, the particular nature of self-efficacy related to athletic participation, injury, and subsequent rehabilitation, as well as the role an athletic trainer plays in enhancing or diminishing one's sense of self-efficacy has not specifically been evaluated. Therefore the purpose of this study is to uncover some of the literature gaps and is two-fold: (i) to evaluate how an athlete's sense of self-efficacy impacts his/her adherence to their rehabilitation program, and (ii) to assess the impact an athletic trainer may have on an athlete's self-efficacy during rehabilitation. Results of this study are intended to enhance the quality and efficiency of athletic injury rehabilitation and have been designed with the athletic training professional in mind .

Bakgrund: Svensk idrott med cirka tre miljoner medlemmar spelar en viktig roll i främjandet av god hälsa men medför även en risk för skador. Det kräver både preventiva och rehabiliterande åtgärder. En kartläggning av de vanligaste idrottsskadorna kan bidra till att identifiera kunskapsluckor samt underlätta implementering av förebyggande åtgärder inom fysioterapi. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att kartlägga och analysera skadepanoramat efter år 2000 inom de fem mest utövade idrotterna i Sverige, samt identifiera eventuella skillnader baserat på kön, ålder och idrott. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes med fokus på epidemiologiska- och kohortstudier. 163 studier identifierades via sökningar i databaserna Pubmed (n = 78), Cinahl (n = 30) och SportDiscus (n = 55). Efter granskning av titel och abstrakt, återstod 17 studier för kvalitetsgranskning med Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Resultat: 15 studier (fotboll = 7, friidrott = 3, gymnastik = 2, innebandy = 4) inkluderades i litteraturöversikten med ett totalt deltagarantal på 3 635 628 aktiva, varav 69.7% män. Inga svenska studier om golf kunde identifieras. En hög frekvens skador i nedre extremitet noterades i alla idrotter, framförallt i fotboll och friidrott, medan skador i underarm/hand framträdde i gymnastik. Dessutom framkom en hög frekvens rygg- och huvudskador inom innebandy och gymnastik. Konklusion: Skademönstret varierar inte markant mellan könen men män uppvisar en högre skaderisk än kvinnor. Endast fotboll noterade ett varierande mönster mellan ungdomar och vuxna där ungdomar hade en lägre skadeincidens och fler frakturer. Generellt finns det ett behov av uppdaterad, könsrepresentativ forskning inom idrotterna. / Background: Swedish sports play a crucial role in promoting good health but also carry a risk of injuries. This requires both preventive and rehabilitative measures. A mapping of sports injuries can help identify knowledge gaps and facilitate the implementation of preventive measures within physiotherapy. Aim: The aim was to map and analyze the injury landscape after the year 2000 within the five most practiced sports in Sweden, and to identify any differences based on gender, age, and sport. Method: A literature review was conducted, focusing on epidemiological-, and cohort studies. 163 studies were identified through the databases Pubmed (n = 78), Cinahl (n = 30), and SportDiscus (n = 55). After reviewing title and abstract, 17 remained for quality review with the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: 15 studies (football = 7, athletics = 3, gymnastics = 2, floorball = 4) were included with a total of 3,635,628 participants, of which 69.7% were men. No studies on golf were identified. A high frequency of lower extremity injuries was noted in all sports, especially in football and athletics, while forearm/hand injuries were prominent in gymnastics. In addition, back and head injuries were noted within floorball and gymnastics. Conclusion: The injury pattern does not vary significantly between the sexes, but men show a higher risk of injury than women. Only football noted a varying pattern between youth and adults, where youth had a lower injury incidence and more fractures. There is a need for updated, gender-representative research within sports.

<p>Povrede adolescenata predstavljaju rastući javno zdravstveni problem. Iako fizička aktivnost ima dokazanu vi&scaron;estruku korist po zdravlje pojedinca, ona je povezana sa rizikom od povreda, posebno u zemljama sa nedovoljno razvijenim strategijama za prevenciju istih. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi povezanost između intenzivne fizičke aktivnosti i povreda, da li nivo fizičke aktivnosti utiče na rizično i protektivno pona&scaron;anje adolescenata, i da se identifikuju okolnosti i okruženje u kom se povrede najče&scaron;će de&scaron;avaju. Za istraživanje je kori&scaron;ćena retrospektivno-prospektivna kohortna studija na odabranom uzorku adolescenata od 15-19 godina koji pohađaju srednju &scaron;kolu. Putem standardnog internacionalnog upitnika o fizičkoj aktivnosti IPAQ i dobijenog MET skora, izdvojen je deo kohorte adolescenata izložen intenzivnoj fizičkoj aktivnosti. Kontrolnu grupu činili su umereno fizički aktivni i neaktivni adolescenti. U periodu od 12 meseci registrovane su sve vrste povreda adolescenata putem upitnika o povredama. Povrede koje su zahtevale medicinski tretman registrovane su kroz zdravstvenu dokumentaciju &scaron;kolskog dispanzera, sportske ambulante doma zdravlja, hitne medicinske pomoći i urgentnog odeljenja op&scaron;te bolnice. Klasifikacija i analiza podataka o povredama izvr&scaron;ena je prema prirodi povreda (S00-T98) na osnovu Međunarodne klasifikacije bolesti (MKB-10, 1996.). Rizik za povrede bio je sedam puta veći u grupi intenzivno fizički aktivnih adolescenata u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu (RR: 7,041; 95%CI: 6,071; 8,187). Rizik za povrede koje su zahtevale medicinski tretman, prema rezultatima prikupljenim u zdravstvenim ustanovama, bio je 15 puta veći kod adolescenata koji se intenzivno bave fizičkom aktivno&scaron;ću (RR: 14,717; 95%CI: 10,652; 20,592). Fizički aktivni učenici su se najvi&scaron;e povređivali na sportskim terenima, dok su se umereno aktivni i neaktivni najče&scaron;će povređivali u kućnom okruženju. Rizik da zadobiju sportske povrede bio je 11 puta veći kod fizički aktivnih ispitanika (RR: 11,212; 95%CI: 9,013; 14,074), sa značajno vi&scaron;om stopom incidencije kod mu&scaron;karaca (82,9/100). Na treningu i utakmici povrede je zadobilo 85,2% fizički aktivnih adolescenata, dok su kod umereno aktivnih i neaktivnih sportske povrede najče&scaron;će registrovane u &scaron;kolskom okruženju (37,5%). Najvi&scaron;e povreda registrovano je u fudbalu (Inc. 4.44/1000 h), odbojci (Inc. 3.92/1000 h) i boksu/kik boksu (Inc. 3.75/1000 h). Intenzitet fizičke aktivnosti nije imao uticaja na smanjenje rizičnog pona&scaron;anja kod adolescenata, kao &scaron;to je kori&scaron;ćenje alkohola, psihoaktivnih supstanci i nasilno pona&scaron;anje. Nivo protektivnog pona&scaron;anja bio je generalno nizak u obe grupe ispitanika. Kori&scaron;ćenje za&scaron;titne kacige i za&scaron;titne sportske opreme bilo je značajno zastupljenije u grupi intenzivno fizički aktivnih adolelescenata, ali nije utvrđen njihov uticaj na smanjenje rizika od povreda.</p> / <p>Injuries among adolescents represent growing public health issue. Although physical activity provides proven multiple benefits to the health of individuals, it is also associated with a risk of injuries, particularly in countries with less developed strategies for their prevention. The objective of the research was to determine the relation between vigorous physical activity and injuries, whether the level of physical activity affects the risk and protective behaviour among adolescents, and to identify the circumstances and environment in which the injuries most often occur. The research used a retrospective-prospective cohort study on a selected sample of adolescents aged 15-19 years attending secondary school. The part of the cohort of adolescents exposed to vigorous physical activity was separated through the standard international questionnaire on physical activity IPAQ and the resulting MET score. The control group consisted of moderately physically active and inactive adolescents. All types of injuries among adolescents within the 12 months were registered through a questionnaire. Injuries requiring medical treatment were registered through the health records of school and sports ambulances, emergency medical services and Emergency Department of the General Hospital. Classification and analysis of injury data was performed according to the nature of the injuries (S00 - T98) based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD - 10, 1996). The risk of injury was seven times higher in the group of vigorous physically active adolescents than in the control group (RR: 7,041; 95%CI: 6,071; 8,187). The risk of injuries that required medical treatment was 15 times higher among adolescents who are intensively engaged in physical activity (RR: 14,717; 95%CI: 10,652; 20,592). Physically active students are most frequently injured on the sports fields, while moderately active and inactive students are most frequently injured in the home environment. The risk to suffer sports injuries was 11 times higher among physically active participants (RR: 11,212; 95%CI: 9,013; 14,074) with a significantly higher incidence rate among men (82,9/100). On training and during the game 85,2% of physically active adolescents suffered from injuries, while among inactive participants sports injuries were most often registered in the school environment (37,5%). The most injuries were registered in soccer (Inc. 4.44/1000 h), volleyball (Inc. 3.92/1000 h) and boxing/kick boxing (Inc. 3.75/1000 h). The intensity of physical activity had no impact on reducing risk behaviour among adolescents, such as the use of alcohol, psychoactive substances and violent behavior. The level of protective behavior was generally low in both groups. The use of protective helmets and protective sports equipment was significantly more frequently present among vigorous physically active adolescents, but their influence on reducing the risk of injuries was not determined.</p>

Aim Recent studies of Swedish track and field athletes have shown that there is a substantial risk of injury. None of these studies have investigated the potential role of how athletes perceive their injury risk, and how it may play a part in the occurrence and prevention of sport injures. The aim of the study was to explore how Swedish track and field athletes perceive their injury risk, and examine the potential correlation with prior injury experience using a quantitative design. Method The sample comprised 69 Swedish junior elite track and field athletes. The athletes filled out a two-part online questionnaire. The first part requested relevant personal information including gender, track and field event and previous injuries in the past 12 months; the second part consisted of "The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale", but modified accordingly to the targeted sport. For the statistical analysis, the R version 3.5.2 software was used and the results were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's non-parametric test. Results 52 out of the 69 athletes in the study reported at least one injury during the past 12 months, and the most commonly reported period of time lost due to injury was between eight and 28 days. Non-significant results (p=0,095) were found between gender and perceived injury risk. If an athlete reported more than one injury in the past 12 months, they perceived their re-injury risk (p&lt;0,025) to be higher. Significant results were found between perceived injury risk and the severity of the injury (p&lt;0,006), with a negative correlation (r=-0,32). When the severity of the injury increased, the tendency of perceived injury risk decreased. Conclusions A history of previous injury has a small correlation to perceived injury risk. This study comes one step closer to understanding the potential impact of perceived risk of injury on occurrence of actual injury. With this knowledge, it may be possible to reduce the negative perceptions concerning re-injury in athletes with higher perceptions of injury risk. Finally, awareness of reinjury should be increased among athletes with a history of severe injury. / Syfte Studier inom Svensk Friidrott har visat att friidrottare löper en påtaglig skaderisk. Inga av dessa studier har studerat den potentiella rollen av hur skadefria friidrottare uppfattar sin skaderisk eller hur det kan påverka skadeförekomst och prevention. Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av uppfattad skaderisk hos svenska friidrottare på elitnivå samt att undersöka den potentiella korrelationen med skadehistorik. Metod Totalt inkluderades 69 juniorer på elitnivå inom Svensk Friidrott. Friidrottarna fyllde i en tvådelad webbaserad enkät. Första delen bestod av bakgrundsfrågor som inkluderade kön, friidrottsgren och skadehistorik de senaste 12 månaderna. Den andra delen innefattade ”The Perception of Risk of Injury Scale”, modifierad för att passa idrotten friidrott. Till den statistiska analysen användes statistikprogrammet R version 3.5.2 och resultatet analyserades med Mann-Whitney U-test samt Spearmans icke parametriska test. Resultat 52 av de 69 inkluderade friidrottarna rapporterade minst en skada under de senaste 12 månaderna och vanligaste skattad frånvarotid på grund av skada var åtta till 28 dagar. Ingen signifikant skillnad (p=0,095) påvisades mellan kön och uppfattad skaderisk. Friidrottare som rapporterade mer än en skada de senaste 12 månaderna uppfattade sin skaderisk som högre för återfallsskada (p&lt;0,025). Signifikanta resultat fanns mellan uppfattad skaderisk och skadans allvarlighetsgrad (p&lt;0,006), där sambanden var negativa (r=-0,32). När skadans allvarlighetsgrad ökade så tenderade den uppfattade skaderisken att minska hos friidrottarna. Slutsats Skadehistorik har ett mindre samband med uppfattad skaderisk. Denna studie är ett steg mot en ökad förståelse för den potentiella inverkan som den egna uppfattade skaderisken har på den faktiska risken för skada. Med denna kunskap kan det vara möjligt att minska de negativa uppfattningarna gällande återfallsskador hos friidrottare som uppfattar en högre skaderisk. Resultatet kan även användas för att medvetengöra friidrottare med en historik av allvarliga skador om risken för återfallsskada.

Associado ao aumento do número de praticantes de corrida, houve o aumento proporcional no número de lesões em corredores. Esta ocorrência pode estar relacionada ao volume semanal de treino, aos desvios posturais em membros inferiores, ao tipo de calçado e ao piso selecionados para a prática da corrida, e até mesmo à experiência prévia na modalidade. A superfície de corrida pode ser considerada como um fator extrínseco relacionado a estas lesões e tem sido pesquisada atualmente mas com resultados controversos ainda quanto a sua influência nas sobrecargas do aparelho locomotor. Já, o tempo de experiência na corrida também pode ser considerado um importante fator extrínseco que foi até agora superficialmente estudado. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a influência de quatro diferentes superfícies de corrida (asfalto, concreto, grama natural e borracha) e da experiência prévia na prática da corrida (até 2 anos, entre 2 e 5 anos e acima de 5 anos) na distribuição da pressão plantar. Foram realizados 3 experimentos para responder aos objetivos do presente trabalho, cada um com sua casuística particular: experimento 1 (n=44) e 2 (n=57) para responder a influência do tipo de piso nas cargas plantares; e experimento 3 (n=126) para responder a influência da experiência da corrida nas pressões plantares. Em todos eles, corredores recreacionais adultos (entre 18 e 40 anos) correram nos 4 pisos estudados a uma velocidade de 12km/h em um trecho de 40 metros onde se investigou a pressão plantar por meio de palmilhas capacitivas (Pedar X, Novel) colocadas dentro de um calçado esportivo padronizado. Para investigar o efeito da experiência na corrida, as medições foram realizadas somente no asfalto. Os dois primeiros experimentos responderam que a grama atenuou em até 16% o pico de pressão plantar nas regiões laterais comparada aos demais pisos, inclusive à borracha cujo comportamento foi similar ao do asfalto e do concreto, superfícies consideradas rígidas. Este resultado pode ser atribuído a estratégias de movimento mais flexíveis das extremidades distais, particularmente do complexo tornozelo/pé, na superfície mais complacente, o qual não foi observado nas superfícies mais rígidas (asfalto e concreto), assim como, surpreendentemente, no piso de borracha. O terceiro experimento respondeu que corredores com menos do que dois anos de experiência na corrida apresentam maiores picos de pressão de cerca de 10% em retropé e antepé em relação aos mais experientes (acima de 5 anos). A atenuação de cargas plantares observadas em corredores mais experientes pode estar relacionada à adoção de um padrão motor mais eficiente que resultaria em uma maior habilidade de acomodação da extremidade distal às cargas. Como conclusão, os resultados destes experimentos demonstram que tempos de prática menores que dois anos e correr no asfalto, concreto ou borracha promovem maiores sobrecargas plantares. A combinação tempo de experiência acima de 5 anos e correr na grama é a condição que mais promove atenuação de sobrecargas plantares / There has been an increase in the number of injuries proportional to the increase of the number of runner. This occurrence can be related to the weekly distance of trainings, lower extremities postural alignment, type of the selected footwear and the running, and the previous experience in running. The running surface can be considered as a extrinsic factor related to these injuries and has been currently studied. Although the results concerning its influence in the overloads of the locomotor system are controversial. The time of running experience can also be considered an important extrinsic factor that is still superficially studied so far. The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of four different running surfaces (asphalt, concrete, natural gram and rubber) and of the previous running experience (up to 2 years, between 2 and 5 years and up to 5 years) in the plantar pressure distribution. Three experiments had been carried out to answer to the aims of the present work, each one with its particular casuistic: experiment 1 (n=44) and 2 (n=57) to answer the influence of the type of surface in plantar loads; and experiment 3 (n=126) to answer the influence of the running experience in the plantar pressures. Adults recreational runners (between 18 and 40 yrs old) run in the four studied surfaces over 40 meters in a speed of 12km/h where the plantar pressure was investigated by in-shoe capacitive insoles (Pedar X, Novel) placed inside an standardized sports footwear. To investigate the effect of the running experience, the measurements had only been carried out in asphalt. The two first experiments answered that the grass attenuated up to 16% the peak pressure in the lateral regions of the foot compared to the other surfaces, including the rubber whose behavior was similar to the asphalt and the concrete, considered rigid surfaces. This result can be attributed the more flexible movement strategies of the distal extremities, particularly of the foot/ankle complex, in the more compliant surface, which was not observed in the most rigid surfaces (asphalt and concrete), as well as, surprisingly, in the rubber surface. The third experiment answered that runners with less than two years of experience in the running practice presented greaters peak pressures of about 10% in the medial rearfoot and forefoot compared to the most experienced runners (up to 5 years). The plantar loads attenuation observed in the more experienced runners can be related to the adoption of a more efficient motor pattern that would result in a higher ability to accommodate loads in the lower extremity. In summary, the results of these experiments demonstrated that running practice experience of less than two years and running in asphalt, concrete or rubber promotes higher plantar loads. The combination time of experience up to 5 years and running in the grass is the condition that promotes more attenuation of plantar pressures

The Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) resists excessive anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia during athletic activities and stabilizes the knee. In the US, annually, over 200,000 cases of ACL disruption are reported. The impact on the quality of life of the subject and its cost to healthcare is tremendous. The objectives of this study were to determine any significant associations between the size of the tibial eminence and ACL injury and to develop a finite element model for structural analysis. The results suggest that the size of the tibial eminence plays a role in loading the ACL and is therefore a risk factor. In addition to the epidemiological analysis, a finite element model of the knee was developed that with added modifications can be used for complex knee loading situations. The results in this thesis may be used to develop strategies for ACL injury prevention and rehabilitation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Associado ao aumento do número de praticantes de corrida, houve o aumento proporcional no número de lesões em corredores. Esta ocorrência pode estar relacionada ao volume semanal de treino, aos desvios posturais em membros inferiores, ao tipo de calçado e ao piso selecionados para a prática da corrida, e até mesmo à experiência prévia na modalidade. A superfície de corrida pode ser considerada como um fator extrínseco relacionado a estas lesões e tem sido pesquisada atualmente mas com resultados controversos ainda quanto a sua influência nas sobrecargas do aparelho locomotor. Já, o tempo de experiência na corrida também pode ser considerado um importante fator extrínseco que foi até agora superficialmente estudado. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar a influência de quatro diferentes superfícies de corrida (asfalto, concreto, grama natural e borracha) e da experiência prévia na prática da corrida (até 2 anos, entre 2 e 5 anos e acima de 5 anos) na distribuição da pressão plantar. Foram realizados 3 experimentos para responder aos objetivos do presente trabalho, cada um com sua casuística particular: experimento 1 (n=44) e 2 (n=57) para responder a influência do tipo de piso nas cargas plantares; e experimento 3 (n=126) para responder a influência da experiência da corrida nas pressões plantares. Em todos eles, corredores recreacionais adultos (entre 18 e 40 anos) correram nos 4 pisos estudados a uma velocidade de 12km/h em um trecho de 40 metros onde se investigou a pressão plantar por meio de palmilhas capacitivas (Pedar X, Novel) colocadas dentro de um calçado esportivo padronizado. Para investigar o efeito da experiência na corrida, as medições foram realizadas somente no asfalto. Os dois primeiros experimentos responderam que a grama atenuou em até 16% o pico de pressão plantar nas regiões laterais comparada aos demais pisos, inclusive à borracha cujo comportamento foi similar ao do asfalto e do concreto, superfícies consideradas rígidas. Este resultado pode ser atribuído a estratégias de movimento mais flexíveis das extremidades distais, particularmente do complexo tornozelo/pé, na superfície mais complacente, o qual não foi observado nas superfícies mais rígidas (asfalto e concreto), assim como, surpreendentemente, no piso de borracha. O terceiro experimento respondeu que corredores com menos do que dois anos de experiência na corrida apresentam maiores picos de pressão de cerca de 10% em retropé e antepé em relação aos mais experientes (acima de 5 anos). A atenuação de cargas plantares observadas em corredores mais experientes pode estar relacionada à adoção de um padrão motor mais eficiente que resultaria em uma maior habilidade de acomodação da extremidade distal às cargas. Como conclusão, os resultados destes experimentos demonstram que tempos de prática menores que dois anos e correr no asfalto, concreto ou borracha promovem maiores sobrecargas plantares. A combinação tempo de experiência acima de 5 anos e correr na grama é a condição que mais promove atenuação de sobrecargas plantares / There has been an increase in the number of injuries proportional to the increase of the number of runner. This occurrence can be related to the weekly distance of trainings, lower extremities postural alignment, type of the selected footwear and the running, and the previous experience in running. The running surface can be considered as a extrinsic factor related to these injuries and has been currently studied. Although the results concerning its influence in the overloads of the locomotor system are controversial. The time of running experience can also be considered an important extrinsic factor that is still superficially studied so far. The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of four different running surfaces (asphalt, concrete, natural gram and rubber) and of the previous running experience (up to 2 years, between 2 and 5 years and up to 5 years) in the plantar pressure distribution. Three experiments had been carried out to answer to the aims of the present work, each one with its particular casuistic: experiment 1 (n=44) and 2 (n=57) to answer the influence of the type of surface in plantar loads; and experiment 3 (n=126) to answer the influence of the running experience in the plantar pressures. Adults recreational runners (between 18 and 40 yrs old) run in the four studied surfaces over 40 meters in a speed of 12km/h where the plantar pressure was investigated by in-shoe capacitive insoles (Pedar X, Novel) placed inside an standardized sports footwear. To investigate the effect of the running experience, the measurements had only been carried out in asphalt. The two first experiments answered that the grass attenuated up to 16% the peak pressure in the lateral regions of the foot compared to the other surfaces, including the rubber whose behavior was similar to the asphalt and the concrete, considered rigid surfaces. This result can be attributed the more flexible movement strategies of the distal extremities, particularly of the foot/ankle complex, in the more compliant surface, which was not observed in the most rigid surfaces (asphalt and concrete), as well as, surprisingly, in the rubber surface. The third experiment answered that runners with less than two years of experience in the running practice presented greaters peak pressures of about 10% in the medial rearfoot and forefoot compared to the most experienced runners (up to 5 years). The plantar loads attenuation observed in the more experienced runners can be related to the adoption of a more efficient motor pattern that would result in a higher ability to accommodate loads in the lower extremity. In summary, the results of these experiments demonstrated that running practice experience of less than two years and running in asphalt, concrete or rubber promotes higher plantar loads. The combination time of experience up to 5 years and running in the grass is the condition that promotes more attenuation of plantar pressures

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.