Le choix de partenaire est souvent considéré comme étant le résultat d’une simple interaction, mais, en nature, l’environnement social dans lequel les animaux communiquent correspond généralement à un réseau d’émetteurs et de récepteurs. La présence de congénères, de rivaux, et même de prédateurs durant le choix de partenaire peut avoir plusieurs répercussions sur ce choix. Être observé par une audience composée de congénères de même sexe peut pousser certaines espèces à modifier le niveau d’expression de leurs préférences, et même à modifier ces préférences pour réduire la compétition ou éviter d’être imitées. La préférence de plusieurs femelles diamant mandarin pour deux mâles a été mesurée en absence et en présence d’une audience femelle pour déterminer si la présence de rivales a des effets sur le choix de partenaire des femelles. De plus, afin de déterminer si ces effets varient en fonction de la qualité des femelles focales et audience, la condition de plusieurs femelles a été altérée en diminuant leur capacité à voler. Selon les résultats, les femelles diminuent leur niveau de sélectivité suite à l’ajout d’une audience femelle, et l’intensité des interactions mâle-femelle dépend de la condition des femelles focales. Les femelles ajustent leur comportement surtout pour éviter d’être imitées et non en fonction de leur condition. Cependant, ces deux mécanismes peuvent affecter les femelles simultanément. / Mate choice is often considered as the result of a simple interaction, but, in the wild, the social environment in which animals communicate generally corresponds to a network of several signallers and receivers. The presence of conspecifics, rivals, and even predators during mate choice can have many repercussions on that choice. Being observed by an audience of same-sex conspecifics can drive some species to alter the level of expression of their preferences, and even to modify those preferences to reduce competition or avoid being copied. The preference of several zebra finch females for two males was measured without and with a female audience to determine if the presence of an audience alters female mate choice. Moreover, to determine if these effects vary according to focal and audience females’ condition, the condition of several females was altered by diminishing their flying ability. According to the results, females lower their level of selectivity following the addition of an audience, and the intensity of male-female interactions depends on the focal females’ condition. Our findings suggest that females mainly adjust their behavior to avoid being copied and not according to their condition. However, these two mechanisms might have affected the females’ mating preferences simultaneously.

The dissertation is titled "The trend of zombification in a current film and series production - audience-based research" and is aimed at explaining why people seek zombie themed series and movies. In the theoretical part, the author introduces the concept of a zombie in terms of its dominant position within the popular culture. With the historical background and the theoretical frame of the topic, the results of the audience research, that was focused mainly on the fans of a zombie genre, will be presented. By comparison of the media product discourse and the public discourse, the analysis reve als the hypothesis describing the relationship between the audience and the media content with a zombie theme. The research is based on a qualitative method of grounded theory. The methods of semi-structured interview and participant observation were used to collect the data.

This thesis investigates the motivation, engagement and experiences of men as they interact with the selected television shows, which are presented or conceived as shows for women. The purpose of this thesis is to examine, identify and evaluate the motivation of men as a perceived non-target audience for watching the shows. Using gender theories and the audience in media theories as the background of this thesis, it then presents full- scale research on the TV shows "Sex and the City", "Desperate Housewives", "2 Broke Girls" through fifteen in-depth interviews, discovering narrators' viewing experience and reactions. The empirical analysis of this thesis is conducted in light of perceived and reported demographic groups, keeping in mind the sociocultural context of each series. This thesis examines both socio-economic and gender topics, which are represented in the shows by product placement on the first hand, and emancipatory themes on the other.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Reneta S H Pasquinelli.pdf: 1572588 bytes, checksum: af604fc1ca48edd37db7337c257770a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-03 / The present study s goals were to verify (1) the control of distinct audiences over the theme of spoken verbal behavior; (2) the generalization of audience control to new audiences, with distinct physical features; (3) how much direct reinforcement of a given repertoire was necessary for a new audience to assume evocative control over the repertoire; (4) how much direct reinforcement was necessary in the presence of a new audience, to establish the control of this new audience over a second repertoire. Six children, ranging from 4 to 8 years participated in the study. Four puppets, 2 of them humanlike were established as audiences during the experiment. On each condition 2 puppets with distinct features asked each participant to describe 5s films. Each film portrayed a person or child engaged in some action. On the first 3 experimental conditions the first pair of puppets trained and/or tested the emergence of 2 verbal repertoires descriptive of the films: a mentalist/ internalist repertoire composed of descriptions of supposed emotions or purposes (m repertoire) and a externalist repertoire with descriptions of actions or physical characteristics (p repertoire). On the last conditions a second pair of puppets was used to test if direct reinforcement of some responses belonging to one of the repertoires would evoke the same repertoire on new trials with new films. Tests of the effects of a reversal condition with new audiences were also conducted. Results showed (1) the establishment of the puppets as audiences controlling different thematic repertoires; (2) the occurrence of generalization of this evocative function to a new audience after the direct reinforcement of a few responses; (3) the reversal of repertoires evoked by an audience after the reinforcement of a few responses belonging to this repertoire; (4) the emergence of variability on the verbal repertoire of the participants during tests. The role of the audience as discriminative and conditional stimuli and the variability of the verbal responses are discussed / O presente estudo pretendeu verificar se: (1) é possível estabelecer o controle de duas audiências distintas sobre o repertório verbal de participantes com a função de selecionar o assunto que se fala? (2) Há generalização do controle de uma audiência para uma nova audiência, com características físicas distintas, sendo suficiente que sejam reforçadas apenas algumas das respostas previamente evocadas na presença da primeira audiência? (3) Quanto de um dado repertório deveria ser reforçado para que uma nova audiência passe a ter função evocativa sobre um determinado repertório verbal? (4) Quantas respostas precisam ser reforçadas para que uma audiência que já controla um repertório verbal, passe a controlar um segundo repertório? Participaram do estudo 6 crianças, de 4 a 8 anos. Foram utilizados 4 fantoches, 2 com características humanas e 2 com características animais. Em cada fase 2 fantoches, com características físicas diversas, requisitavam que o participante descrevesse filmes de 5s, que continham uma pessoa realizando alguma atividade. Foram estabelecidos 2 repertórios descritivos dos filmes: repertório f (descrições de características físicas e de ações dos personagens) e m (descrições que supunham finalidade e emoções aos personagens). Nas 3 primeiras fases uma dupla de fantoches treinou e testou o estabelecimento dos repertórios f e m. Posteriormente, outros 2 fantoches testaram se o reforçamento de algumas das respostas pertencentes a um dos repertórios estabelecidos promoveria generalização do controle para as novas audiências. Também foram testados os efeitos de uma condição de reversão sobre as nova audiências. Os resultados de todos os participantes indicaram: o estabelecimento dos fantoches como audiências que controlam diferentes temas / assuntos do repertório do falante; (2) a ocorrência da generalização desta função evocativa para uma nova audiência pelo reforçamento de algumas respostas do repertório controlado por uma outra audiência; (3) a reversão dos repertórios evocados pelas audiências depois do reforçamento de algumas respostas no treino com reversão; (4) a ocorrência de variabilidade nas respostas dos participantes no decorrer do experimento. Discute-se o papel da audiência como estímulo discriminativo ou condicional e a variabilidade do comportamento verbal

Le choix de partenaire est souvent considéré comme étant le résultat d’une simple interaction, mais, en nature, l’environnement social dans lequel les animaux communiquent correspond généralement à un réseau d’émetteurs et de récepteurs. La présence de congénères, de rivaux, et même de prédateurs durant le choix de partenaire peut avoir plusieurs répercussions sur ce choix. Être observé par une audience composée de congénères de même sexe peut pousser certaines espèces à modifier le niveau d’expression de leurs préférences, et même à modifier ces préférences pour réduire la compétition ou éviter d’être imitées. La préférence de plusieurs femelles diamant mandarin pour deux mâles a été mesurée en absence et en présence d’une audience femelle pour déterminer si la présence de rivales a des effets sur le choix de partenaire des femelles. De plus, afin de déterminer si ces effets varient en fonction de la qualité des femelles focales et audience, la condition de plusieurs femelles a été altérée en diminuant leur capacité à voler. Selon les résultats, les femelles diminuent leur niveau de sélectivité suite à l’ajout d’une audience femelle, et l’intensité des interactions mâle-femelle dépend de la condition des femelles focales. Les femelles ajustent leur comportement surtout pour éviter d’être imitées et non en fonction de leur condition. Cependant, ces deux mécanismes peuvent affecter les femelles simultanément. / Mate choice is often considered as the result of a simple interaction, but, in the wild, the social environment in which animals communicate generally corresponds to a network of several signallers and receivers. The presence of conspecifics, rivals, and even predators during mate choice can have many repercussions on that choice. Being observed by an audience of same-sex conspecifics can drive some species to alter the level of expression of their preferences, and even to modify those preferences to reduce competition or avoid being copied. The preference of several zebra finch females for two males was measured without and with a female audience to determine if the presence of an audience alters female mate choice. Moreover, to determine if these effects vary according to focal and audience females’ condition, the condition of several females was altered by diminishing their flying ability. According to the results, females lower their level of selectivity following the addition of an audience, and the intensity of male-female interactions depends on the focal females’ condition. Our findings suggest that females mainly adjust their behavior to avoid being copied and not according to their condition. However, these two mechanisms might have affected the females’ mating preferences simultaneously.

BARTOŠOVÁ, Radka. Parasociální interakce jako vztah mezi mediálními postavami a publikem. Praha, 2016. 67 s. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky. Katedra mediálních studií. Vedoucí diplomové práce PhDr. Irena Reifová, Ph.D. Abstract This thesis in its theoretical work focuses on the topic parasocial interaction, a specific relationship between fans and celebrities. This fundamental concept is initially set in a broader context. Closer are characterized by celebrities as a publicly-known media figures, and the audience as active recipients of stimulus. There is a concept called. Ordinary stars, as well as focus on issues not only fandom, but also specific terms such as adoration and celebrity stalking celebrities. After outlining the basic theoretical insight is explored basic concept - parasocial relationship. The practical part with respect to the overall theme of the work is carried out using semi-structured interviews with rock stars, fans steady on one side and ordinary fans of the stars on the other. Based on the results and authentic materials are analyzed each category. The work aims to explore how similar concepts related to celebrities, as well as different approaches to media stars.

This dissertation considers the contextualising in African settings of three themes addressed in youth literature of the Baptist International Publications Services (IPS). It utilises a critical methodology developed from Kraft's (1979) ten principles of communication to analyse the efforts to contextualise the themes of salvation, the Christian family and witchcraft. Chapter one discusses contextualisation and presents a critical methodology based on Kraft's ( 1979) principles of communication. Chapter two is an historical background study of the International Publications Services. Chapters three, four and five use the critical methodology developed in chapter one to examine the themes of salvation, the Christian family and witchcraft respectively, as found in IPS youth literature. Chapter six is an analysis and conclusion of the study with suggestions for further research. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M.Th.

L’image de l’homme de théâtre Jean Vilar reste aujourd’hui bien réductrice. Elle peut se résumer en deux mots : Avignon, TNP. L’étude vise à effacer cette caricature, tente de retrouver le parcours de Vilar dans sa totalité : se soustraire à la légende et recouvrer l’histoire. Formation, influences, hésitations, impasses, difficultés tout au long de son chemin avant de rencontrer le théâtre. Autrement dit, dévoiler un itinéraire d’homme et non pas une icône. Itinéraire également, celui du praticien et de la réflexion née du travail en vingt-cinq ans de carrière. Au sein des trois composantes qui constituent à ses yeux l’essentiel de son art – répertoire, réalisation, public – Vilar fait-il montre d’une pensée univoque ou au contraire laisse-t-il entrevoir des ruptures, voire des contradictions ? Conduite à partir de ses textes – écrits et oraux – publiés ou inédits, l’étude dessine un Vilar bien plus complexe que l’image qui en reste ne le laisse soupçonner. Parfois malaisé à saisir, bâti de doutes et de certitudes, de mal être et d’assurance, de timidité et d’orgueil, d’échecs et de réussites, tel est l’homme qui a marqué d’un sceau indélébile le théâtre du milieu du vingtième siècle. / The image of the man of the theatre Jean VILAR remains quite reductive today. It can besummed up in two words: Avignon, TNP. The study aims erasing this caricature, it tries to recover VILAR’s course in full: getting out of the legend and back to history. Training, influences, hesitations, deadlocks, difficulties all along his way before he met the theatre. In other words, revealing the itinerary of a man and not a mere icon. An itinerary as well, that of the practitioner and of the thought that grew out of a twenty five years’ career in theatrical work. Within the three components he considers as the very main points of his art – repertoire, creation, audience – does VILAR display a univocal thought or on the contrary does he let one have an inkling of breakings or even of contradictions? Led from his texts – both written and oral – published or unpublished, the study shows a VILAR who is much more complex than the image that remains of him allows one to suspect. Sometimes rather difficult to grasp, built up on doubts and certitudes, ill-being and self-assurance, shyness and pride, failures and successes, such is the man who left an indelible mark on the theatre of the middle of the twentieth century.

Higher education is still mainly based on traditional face-to-face teaching formats such as lectures. Although known for a long time, the demand for alternative lecture designs has only recently grown significantly due to the present pandemic crisis, which requires a physical separation between the students and also the lecturer. This separation results in challenges of its own: While most solutions already allow the lecture to be held via streaming, it is even more challenging to involve students, or to create interactions with them or between them. Some approaches allow to activate students through simple polls, chats, or collaboration in breakout sessions. However, either the functional scope of these activities is severely limited or they are restricted to small scenarios. The contents of this paper have been under investigation for some time, but in lieu of the current CoViD-19 pandemic, the authors have decided to apply their preliminary findings in actual lectures and present the results here. The main goal is to investigate the addition of more advanced activities that can be adapted to the current scenario. Therefore, an approach is presented that enables lecturers to create custom workflows of interactive activities such as several types of polls, question and answer, instant feedback, or group formations with corresponding interactions. The application in real scenarios is currently being investigated.

The use of Audience Response Systems (ARSs) for tech-enhanced learning scenarios has proven to address issues occurring within higher education, e.g. the missing interaction between the lecturer and the students. Since the majority of these systems relies on a single supported didactic concept and therefore has a limited set of provided functions, ARSs are currently restricted to support classic content-based as well as enquiry-based learning. The support of more advanced didactic concepts in order to investigate studio-based learning is currently not possible due to the lacking collaborative and cooperative functionality. This paper presents a unified (meta-)model which is able to express various scenarios, targeting the holistic support of content-based, enquiry-based and studio-based learning. The created model is evaluated within a user study to reason about the applicability of its underlying concept as well as the defined function blocks. In addition, this paper purposes ideas for a future graphical editor, which will support the modeling process, and provides concrete details for a possible implementation of a system on top of the (meta-)model. Index Terms—audience response systems, collaborative learning, adaptability, meta-model, domain-specific language, highereducation, technology-enhanced learning