Ce travail de recherche s'inscrit en sciences du langage, et interroge la notion d'ethos en la croisant avec la construction de la subjectivité dans le langage. Il s'appuie sur les outils de la linguistique énonciative et de la linguistique praxématique. Son but est de montrer le lien entre l'objet d'étude – l'ethos politique – et l'objectif électoral du candidat ou de la candidate qui le met en place dans sa profession de foi. Le corpus d'étude est constitué des professions de foi des candidat(e)s se présentant aux élections présidentielles de 2007 et de 2012.Selon Charaudeau (2005) les ethos politiques peuvent être regroupés sous deux grandes catégories : les ethos de crédibilité (ethos de sérieux, de compétence et de vertu) et les ethos d'identification (ethos de chef, de solidarité, de caractère, de puissance, d'humanité et d'intelligence). Chacun de ces ethos prend appui sur diverses stratégies discursives et/ou énonciatives. L'analyse linguistique des professions de foi les met au jour, en propose une modélisation et montre la manière dont l'ethos politique de chaque candidat(e) est ainsi mis en scène. / This research focuses on linguistics, and questions the concept of ethos in cross reference with the construction of subjectivity in languages. It is based on the tools of Speech-Language and Praxematic linguistics. The purpose of this research is to show the connection between the study case - political ethos - and the electoral objective stated in the candidate's statement of principles or (mission statement).The corpus is composed of the statement of principles (mission statements) of candidates participating in the french presidential elections of 2007 and 2012.According to Charaudeau (2005) political ethos can be grouped under two major categories: the credibility ethos (ethos of seriousness, competence and righteousness) and identification ethos (ethos of leading, solidarity, character, power, humanity and intelligence). Each ethos is based on various discursive and/or enunciative strategies.Linguistic analysis reveals, proposes a modeling and shows how the political ethos is formed in each candidate's statement of principles (mission statement).

Cette thèse propose une nouvelle méthode d’optimisation bio-inspirée basée sur le GWO avec pour but de pouvoir résoudre des problèmes d’optimisation dits mixtes, c’est-à-dire des problèmes composés de variables continues et discrètes. Cette nouvelle méthode baptisée mixed GWO est ensuite appliquée à 2 problématiques distincts.Tout d’abord, le mixed GWO pourra permettre d’améliorer la qualité de la classification d’image par SVM. En effet, la fiabilité d’un SVM va dépendre de ses paramètres d’entraînement, et il n’existe pas de méthode non empirique et non exhaustive permettant de définir ces paramètres pour un problème de classification donné. Le mixed GWO se propose comme une solution à ce problème de paramétrage. La classification doit permettre à l’entreprise IntuiSense d’ajouter une brique de reconnaissance de genre à son outil de mesure d’audience ISAM.Ensuite, le mixedGWO est employé pour faire du débruitage et du démêlage de spectres en simultanée sur des images multi-spectrales ou hyper-spectrales. En effet, la qualité du démêlage des spectres va être particulièrement dépendant de la qualité du débruitage de l’image : faire ces 2 étapes simultanément permet donc un gain de temps et une fiabilité des résultats bien plus intéressants que les faire l’une après l’autre. / This thesis proposes a novel bio-inspired optimization method based on the GWOalgorithm, with the purpose of solving mixed optimization problems, i.e. problems with bothcontinuous and discrete variables. This novel method is named mixedGWO and is applied to2 distinct problematics.Firstly, the mixedGWO should permit to improve the quality of image classification bySVM. Indeed, a SVM accuracy will depend of its training parameters, and there is nonempirical and non exhaustive method to define these parameters for a given classificationproblem. Therefore, the mixedGWO can be used as a solution to this parametring problem.The improve classification should allow the company IntuiSense to add the gender recognition feature to its audience measurement tool ISAM.Secondly, the mixedGWO is used for joint denoising and unmixing of spectra in multispectral and hyper-spectral image processing. Indeed, the unmixing’s quality is stronglydependent of the denoising quality : doing these 2 steps simultaneously permits a gain oftime and a results’ accuracy way better than if they are done one after the other.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-16T12:41:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Greyce Vargas_.pdf: 2529163 bytes, checksum: 01be4491b1212406a67e04d235d8151e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T12:41:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Greyce Vargas_.pdf: 2529163 bytes, checksum: 01be4491b1212406a67e04d235d8151e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-19 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo trata sobre como os efeitos das métricas sobre o comportamento da audiência dos sites Folha de S. Paulo e GaúchaZH interferem na estrutura da redação das duas empresas. Entendemos que os setores que fazem a gestão dos números sobre a audiência trabalham na lógica de laboratórios e, com isso, são responsáveis pela busca por inovação nas práticas jornalísticas. Trabalhamos o desenvolvimento do jornalismo na internet e a participação das audiências nesse processo por meio de Barbosa (2004, 2013, 2016), Mielniczuk (2015) e Heinrich (2011) até entendermos os modelos e adaptações feitas na quinta geração em que inovação passa a ser uma busca importante na estratégia das empresas (SALAVERRÍA, 2015, 2015). Para compreender audiência, nos apoiamos, principalmente, nos estudos de Tandoc Jr. (2014), Aguiar e Barsotti (2012), Carro (2016, 2017) e Petre (2015). O conceito de convergência nos ajudou na compreensão, conexão e análise da relação entre jornalismo, audiência e inovação por meio das pesquisas de Jenkins (2009, 2014), Aquino Bittencourt (2014, 2017) e Salaverría (2003 e 2010). A análise levou em conta quatro categorias para entender os efeitos de métricas nos dois jornais propostos: configuração das estruturas, atuação da gestão de métricas nas práticas jornalísticas, concepção de audiência e estratégias de inovação por meio de métricas. / This study deals with how the effects of the metrics on the behavior of the audience of the Folha de S. Paulo and GaúchaZH sites interfere in the writing structure of the two companies. We understand that the sectors that manage the numbers about the audience work in the logic of laboratories and, therefore, are responsible for the search for innovation in journalistic practices. In order to account for this proposal, we worked on the development of internet journalism and the participation of audiences in this process with Barbosa (2004, 2013, 2016), Mielniczuk (2015) and Heinrich (2011) until we understood the models and adaptations made on fifth generation in which innovation becomes an important pursuit in the companies strategy (SALAVERRÍA, 2015, 2015). In order to understand the audience, we mainly support the studies of Tandoc Jr. (2014), Aguiar and Barsotti (2012), Carro (2016, 2017) and Petre (2015). The concept of convergence has helped us to understand, connect and analyze the relationship between journalism, audience and innovation with Jenkins (2009, 2014), Aquino Bittencourt (2014, 2016) and Salaverría (2003 and 2010). The analysis took into account four categories to understand the effects of metrics in the two proposed journals: configuration of the structures, inference of metrics management in journalistic practices, audience conception and innovation strategies through metrics.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:17:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renan Nobre Floriano.pdf: 1313563 bytes, checksum: 8c4f29563e75d7b7a57bcdcd28a810a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In Verbal Behavior (1957), BF Skinner proposes a thorough analysis of verbal behavior by specifying the relationship between the speaker's behavior and the listener's behavior. Despite this, the speaker's behavior has been more emphasized and studied The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliographic production carried out by behavior analysts about the listener's behavior, as a mediator of consequences and while audience to the speaker's behavior, from the year of publication of Verbal Behavior and work through both articles published in international journals as JEAB, JABA, The Behavior Analyst and TAVB as in national journals as REBAC and RBTCC. It was analyzed 70 articles, of which 62 dealt with the listener as a mediator of consequences, while 7 audience and one treated both concepts. It was observed that articles about the listener's behavior (listener and audience) began to markedly small measure, the first published 26 years after the Verbal Behavior. Over the years the publications of articles geared to the study of these concepts have been increasing, as a result of the contribution of authors like Caio F. Miguel, R. Douglas Greer and Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir. With regard to the type of research, it was noted a balance between theoretical and conceptual research and experimental research and among the experimental research it was observed that the listener's behavior has been studied both as an independent variable as the dependent variable. Moreover, in both types of research the listener's behavior was studied more as a central object than a secondary object. Finally, there is the listener's behavior was notorious presence on subject-matters such as the relationship between the repertoire of the listener and the speaker, stimulus equivalence, verbal operant tact and naming. Summarizing the development of this field of research, it highlights two assertions of Skinner himself (1957/1992) regarding the understanding of verbal behavior that influenced a timid start, but also contributed to advances in research: on the one hand, verbal behavior was to focus the explicit individual speaker and postulated by Skinner (19957/1992), on the other hand, there is the need for the listener's behavior be closely analyzed so that a complete understanding of verbal behavior is achieved / Em Verbal Behavior (1957), B. F. de Skinner propõe uma análise minuciosa do comportamento verbal especificando a relação entre o comportamento do falante e o comportamento do ouvinte. Apesar disto, o comportamento do falante tem sido mais enfatizado e estudado O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de analisar a produção bibliográfica realizada pelos analistas do comportamento acerca do comportamento do ouvinte, enquanto mediador de consequências e enquanto audiência para o comportamento do falante, a partir do ano de publicação da obra Verbal Behavior e através dos artigos publicados tanto em periódicos internacionais como JEAB, JABA, The Behavior Analyst e TAVB como em periódicos nacionais como REBAC e RBTCC. Foram analisados 70 artigos, dos quais 62 trataram do ouvinte enquanto mediador de consequências, 7 enquanto audiência e 1 tratou em ambos os conceitos. Observou-se que artigos a respeito do comportamento do ouvinte (ouvinte e audiência) iniciaram-se de forma marcadamente acanhada, sendo o primeiro publicado 26 anos após o Verbal Behavior. No decorrer dos anos as publicações de artigos voltados ao estudo desses conceitos vêm aumentando, resultado este devido a contribuição de autores como Caio F. Miguel, R. Douglas Greer e Anna Ingeborg Petursdottir. No que diz respeito ao tipo de pesquisas, notou-se um equilíbrio entre pesquisas teórico-conceituais e pesquisas experimentais e dentre as pesquisas experimentais observou-se que o comportamento do ouvinte vem sendo estudado tanto como variável independente quanto como variável dependente. Além disso, em ambos os tipos de pesquisas o comportamento do ouvinte foi estudado mais como objeto central do que como objeto secundário. Por fim, destaca-se que o comportamento do ouvinte foi presença notória em temas como relação entre o repertório do ouvinte e do falante, equivalência de estímulos, operante verbal tato e nomeação. Sumarizando o desenvolvimento deste campo de investigação, destacam-se duas asserções do próprio Skinner (1957/1992) com relação a compreensão do comportamento verbal que influenciaram um início tímido, mas que também contribuíram para os avanços das pesquisas: se por um lado, o comportamento verbal teve como enfoque o falante individual explícito e postulado por Skinner (19957/1992), por outro lado, há a necessidade de o comportamento do ouvinte ser analisado de perto para que uma compreensão completa do comportamento verbal seja alcançada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:10:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cleber Vanderlei Rohrer.pdf: 2181843 bytes, checksum: 8415ebffb725b5ac16b4ce1bfd37fefc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / On this research the artistic trajetory of the presenting Aberlardo Barbosa, also known as Chacrinha, is presented, from the beginning of his career on the radio until he entered his ideal vehicle as a communicator: the television. The presenting is considered by many televisual language criticals as one of the most polemicals and outstanding characters from this set. Chacrinha s importance for the brasilian television is due to his irreverence, criativity and also due to some of his unconventional behavior (anarchic ones) that made him different from the other ones acting at that time. Aberlardo Barbosa s career starts on the radio in the fourties bunching all the popular scenary as cassinos, circus and popular parties, which are a couple of activities that influenced him until his arrival on the TV. Once on the TV his trajetory throghout the TV stations, mainly Tupi TV, Globo TV, and Bandeirantes TV is introduced lightning up his resources to capture the audience, including the tenderfoot performances, his own performing dancers, who were known as chacretes, a description of his audience and some problems he has had with the censorship. The theorical references concentrates on authors as Décio Pignatari who has analysed different TV programs in the late senventies, among them the Chacrinha s ones, and Arlindo Machado who has presented a thesis about the tv and a detaled anlyses made yet in the beggining of the seventies when Muniz Sodré does a critical observation about the brasilian culture and the communication vehicles. Chacrinha aesthetics and his televisual language are approached in a very specific way in which it is introduced as a spilling from other means of communication that have influenced him and made him become a unique presenting, besides the fact that he has been an icon for tropicalism. In order to head into an end it is outstanded that it might be a legacy left by Chacrinha in our television, and his importance in this set has been kept on even after his very last show / Nessa pesquisa, apresenta-se a trajetória artística do apresentador Abelardo Barbosa, o Chacrinha, o início de sua carreira no rádio, até o encontro do seu veículo ideal como comunicador: a televisão. O apresentador é considerado por muitos críticos da linguagem televisual como uma das figuras mais polêmicas e marcantes desse meio. A importância de Chacrinha na televisão brasileira é atribuída à sua irreverência, criatividade e também a algumas atitudes não convencionais (anárquicas) que o diferenciaram de outros apresentadores no mesmo período em que atuou. A carreira do apresentador se inicia no rádio, ainda na década de 1940, somando todo o restante do cenário artístico popular dessa época, com cassinos, teatros de revistas, circo e festas populares, um conjunto de atividades que o influenciaram até a sua chegada à televisão. Já na televisão brasileira, a sua trajetória pelas emissoras, priorizando a TV Tupi, TV Globo e a TV Bandeirantes, é apresentada destacando-se os seus recursos para conquistar o público, incluindo as performances dos calouros e de suas dançarinas, as chacretes, uma descrição do seu auditório e alguns de seus problemas com a censura. Os referenciais teóricos concentram-se em autores como Décio Pignatari, que analisou diversos programas de televisão no final da década de 1970, entre eles os do Chacrinha, e Arlindo Machado, que faz uma defesa da televisão, e em uma análise detalhada feita ainda no início da década de 1970, quando Muniz Sodré faz crítica à cultura brasileira e aos veículos de comunicação. A estética de Chacrinha e sua linguagem televisual são abordadas de uma maneira específica em que se apresentam como vertentes de outros meios de comunicação que o influenciaram e o tornaram um apresentador único, além de ter sido um ícone do Tropicalismo. Para finalizar aponta-se que poderá haver um legado deixado por Chacrinha em nossa televisão, e que sua importância no meio manteve-se mesmo após o término de seu programa

Digital platforms such as blogs and social networking sites provide new means for individuals to gather and spread information about products and services through electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM). Within those platforms, individuals have the potential to emerge to become influential actors with the power to affect the behaviours and attitudes of others. Despite the growing interest in online influence, there is still a limited understanding of how key individuals share and engage in eWOM. This study looks at tech-bloggers as an emerging actor category that create and develop consumption oriented online content such as product reviews using blogs and associated technologies. This thesis presents an in depth qualitative investigation to understand how this emerging actor category have been able to establish an influential status. Existing literature often labelled bloggers as “opinion leaders” obscuring what is new and different about them. Building a practice based discussion of these emerging actors aims to capture activities and processes in a wider, natural setting. Paired with the exploratory nature of research, this thesis draws on a conceptually grounded, qualitative research approach utilising interviews with key tech-bloggers, marketers and blog analysis. Findings show that these emerging actors engage in three distinct but interrelated practices centred on audience construction, content development and network formation. Audience construction requires emerging actors to develop quality content utilising existing networks composed of other actors within the same category and the audience. As a consequence, emerging actors are socially embedded in a multiplicity of interactions online and offline to develop their blog and their content. This study contributes to existing concepts in eWOM by showing how emerging actors develop a particular expertise, distinct from consumers, in attracting an audience. Furthermore, these emerging actors transform from being knowledge replicators to become knowledge producers developing communication content in line with a wider audience. As tech-bloggers become more established as emerging actors, tech companies are adapting their marketing to account for these practices. The result is a co-creation of product news and advice on new products between emerging actors, marketers and the audience. Thus, this work gives a more nuanced account of eWOM and the role of emerging actors shaping communication in this sector.

This work deals with television audience measurement in the Czech Republic as a tool for planning advertising campaigns, television programming and support for corporate strategy of television organizations. The work presents the theoretical context of media research and summarizes the development of television market in the Czech Republic and the history of television audience measurement - from diary research project through the "Mediaprojekt" to the present method of measuring television audience with people metres that the author presents in detail. The work denotes the future of people meter measurement in the period 2013-2017 and compares Czech TV audience measurement project with similar projects in selected European countries. In the second part of work, author focuses on awareness about people meter project, both among the general public and professionals, using the online survey. The preparation of the research project is followed by its implementation and evaluation of results of this research. At the end of the work, marketing recommendations for the research agency are given, based on the results of research.

De nombreux animaux évoluent dans un environnement social où les individus peuvent réaliser de l'écoute/observation clandestine, c'est-à-dire, obtenir des informations sur des compétiteurs ou partenaires sexuels potentiels en observant les interactions de leurs congénères. À l’inverse, les animaux engagés dans une interaction peuvent exprimer un effet d'audience: modifier leurs comportements en présence d’observateurs (audiences). Ce doctorat s'intéresse à la flexibilité et aux conséquences de ces comportements et recherche des stratégies individuelles dans leur utilisation chez le canari domestique. Les résultats indiquent que l'écoute clandestine influence les préférences sexuelles et l'investissement reproducteur des femelles. Ce dernier dépend également des statuts hiérarchiques et de la personnalité. Les effets d'audience sont mis en évidence chez les deux sexes et semblent complexes et flexibles. Leur expression dépend de la situation, du type d'audience, de la dominance et de la familiarité des individus impliqués mais pas de la personnalité. Ces résultats posent la question des bases cognitives impliquées dans l'écoute clandestine et les effets d'audience. / Many animals live in social environments where individuals can eavesdrop: get information on competitors or potential sexual partners by observing interactions between conspecifics. In such environments, interacting individuals might express an audience effect: they can change their behavior in the presence of eavesdroppers (i.e. an audience). This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the flexibility and the consequences of these behaviours and searches for individual strategies in their expression in domestic canaries. Results show that eavesdropping drives sexual preferences and reproductive effort in females. The latter is also influenced by dominance and personality. The existence of complex and flexible audience effects is demonstrated in males and females. Their expression depends on the situation, the type of audience, the dominance and familiarity of the interacting individuals but not on personality. Results raise the question of the cognitive foundations of eavesdropping and audience effects.

The relationship between performer and spectator is a constant topic in theatre since audiences are essential to any performance. Some contemporary performances strive to blur the line between the two by allowing audiences to participate during the show. Often, audience participation is despised and therefore avoided by spectators and theatre practitioners. However, Blue Man Group thrives on it due to their authentic character, adaptable narrative, and accessible space. Through my examination of the show as an audience member, I theorize that these three elements control the audience's willingness to participate in the production and in turn make the entire experience more rewarding and memorable as performer and spectator share roles in order to create this performance. Chris Wink, Matt Goldman, and Phil Stanton co-founded Blue Man Group in 1987, and received their first official venue in 1991. Blue Man Group is a ninety-minute variety show that utilizes rock music, theatrical vignettes, and experiments with science, art, and modern technology to explore the ways in which humans express and communicate. This unprecedented show performs in multiple locations daily throughout the United States, Germany, and has also captivated audiences of all ages around the world. The most popular and recognizable element to the show is the humanoid Blue Man character. He does not speak or make large facial expressions. Instead, he mainly observes intently and follows commands, much like a spectator. His original physical attributes, honest behavior and communication, and authoritative presence through three performers grant him authenticity. His unique personality draws in an audience's interest and investment in the character and the entire production. The co-founders identify the Blue Man Group adaptable narrative as “Neo-Vaudeville”, mixing many forms of science and art together. The cast, crew, and audience take part in the show through tribal training, developing communitas as they watch and learn, call and respond, to the show's commands. The pieces that contain audience participation utilize various types of invitation, coaxing audiences into participation in effective ways. Through an exploration of visual and aural perception, spatial fluidity, and technology, Blue Man Group's use of space connects its audiences to the performance and helps them consider more deeply their connections with others. Thus people often participate during the show and enjoy doing so. This level of investment and excitement is necessary for successful audience participation. Thus Blue Man Group is a blue print for how live theatre can form a powerful relationship with audiences.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Long-term independent travel is regarded by many commentators as an active quest for discovery, and has long been proclaimed by individuals and organisations, both within and outside the tourism industry, as having a social, cultural and educative role. As independent travel becomes an increasingly popular and important sector of the travel market, the guidebook as cultural text becomes a significant and powerful mediator of experience. Guidebooks have a prevailing capacity to define and represent places, peoples and cultures and, at the same time, present descriptive and prescriptive information that simultaneously constructs the traveller and shapes their perspectives and experiences. Independent travellers such as backpackers, in their quest for the ‘authentic’, often seek out experiences with other cultures and demonstrate a desire to learn about, and interact with, indigenous people and their cultures. This thesis is concerned with the complex process of the dialectic construction of the backpacker (the traveller) as a particular gazing and experiencing subject, and of places, peoples and cultures (the travelled) as objects of the gaze. Central to the thesis is a consideration of the role of the guidebook as an interpretative lens through which the constructed and mediated nature of both the traveller and the travelled can be examined and understood. Drawing on theoretical and methodological insights from the interdisciplinary fields of tourism studies and cultural studies, the thesis seeks to understand relationships between text, audience and culture in tourism. The interpretative method of textual analysis is married with qualitative interviews with a sample of backpackers to Australia to examine the interplay between travellers, guidebooks and experiences. An analysis of guidebooks published by Lonely Planet, Rough Guide and Let's Go reveals that representations of Aboriginal people and their cultures are central to constructing an ‘authentic’ experience for independent travellers to Australia. These representations are, however, not without contradiction, as traveller discourses of authenticity, cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity and responsible travel are mobilised concurrently with popular tourism imagery and stereotypes of Aboriginal Australia. For the backpackers interviewed, the discrepancies between discourses provided in guidebooks means that their engagement with texts is dynamic, and their experiences with, and understandings of, Aboriginal Australia are continuously negotiated and renegotiated throughout their travel experiences. I argue in this thesis that backpackers actively engage with narratives and representations of culture contained within guidebooks, and negotiate these textual contradictions to construct a particular type of experience and traveller-self to make sense of their travels in Aboriginal Australia. The findings of this thesis raise important questions about the role that the text plays as mediator between the traveller and the travelled culture, and the tensions, contradictions and negotiations between text and lived experience.