People withmobilityandspeechrestrictionssimultaneoushaveverbalcommunicationandbody language impaired.Inthemostextremecasesthepatientsaredeprivedofalltheirmovements and speechcapabilities.ThissituationischaracterizedastheLocked-inSyndrome(LIS).The augmentativeandalternativecommunicationtechnologiesprovidemethodsandsoftwaresthat allowthesepatientstocommunicatewiththeexternalenvironmentandpeoplearoundthem. Among thevariousmethodsandexistingcommunicationprogramswecanhighlightthevirtual keyboard.However,datainputusingthiskindofkeyboardisconsiderablyslowerandmore tiresome forpeoplewithLIS.Thisworkaimstobuildanassistivevirtualkeyboardtoassist patients withseveremobilityrestrictionsandspeechtocommunicate.Toachievethisgoalit wasconductedtwosystematicreviewsandaliteraturereview.Fromtheknowledgegained from theseresearchswemodeledanddevelopedanassistivevirtualkeyboard.Moreover,we designed andimplementedanevolutionarymethodologythatallowsthekeyboardtoadaptitself to user svocabularyandwritingmode.Finally,anexperimentthatcomparesthetraditional method keyboardsoptimizationwiththemethodologyproposedinthisthesiswascarriedout. / Pessoas comrestriçõesmotorasedefalasimultâneastêmacomunicaçãoverbalealinguagem corporal prejudicadas.Noscasosmaisextremosopacienteéprivadodetodososseusmovimen- tos edacapacidadedefala.EssasituaçãoécaracterizadacomoaSíndromedoEncarceramento (SE). Astecnologiasdecomunicaçãoaumentativaealternativasãoresponsáveisporproporcio- narem métodose softwares que possibilitamacomunicaçãodospacientescomoambienteeas pessoas queoscercam.Entreosváriosmétodoseprogramasdecomunicaçãoexistentespode-se destacar otecladovirtual.Porém,aentradadedadosutilizandotecladosvirtuaiséconsidera- velmentemaislentaecansativaparapessoascomSE.Oobjetivodestetrabalhoéconstruirum teclado virtualassistivoparaauxiliarpacientescomrestriçõesmotorasgravesedefalaaseco- municarem. Paraatingiresseobjetivoforamrealizadasduasrevisõessistemáticaseumarevisão de literatura.Apartirdoconhecimentoadquiridodessasrevisõesfoimodeladoedesenvolvido um tecladovirtualassistivo.Alémdisso,foielaboradaeimplementadaumametodologiaevolu- tivaquepermiteotecladoseadaptaraovocabulárioeomododeescritadousuário.Finalmente, foi realizadoumexperimentoquecomparaométodotradicionaldeotimizaçãodetecladoscom a metodologiapropostanestatese. / Doutor em Ciências

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-20T20:36:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Vinicius de Abreu D'?vila.pdf: 623654 bytes, checksum: 2c91585552193e53bcefc6b559fe2a2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T20:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Vinicius de Abreu D'?vila.pdf: 623654 bytes, checksum: 2c91585552193e53bcefc6b559fe2a2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / CAPES / The biological control is as important method to regulate the pest populations in a system of sustainable agricultural production, because it is a promising alternative to the use of the organic synthetic pesticides that cause great ecotoxicological impacts. The predator ladybeetles are part of the biological control agents of agricultural pests, could be management by the three biocontrol strategies: classical, conservative and augmentative. In the present work, it was tried to generate knowledge for using the aphidophagous predator ladybeetle Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under the perspective of the last two strategies. The conservative biological control involving predator insects bases on the fact that in the absence or scarceness of their preferential prey or in the presence of the other preys with inferior nutritional quality, they may use alternative foods, such as pollen, to guarantee their survivorship and, sometimes, their reproduction, and because of that botanical species that provide this floral resource might integrate the agricultural landscape, inside and/or around the agricultural property; meanwhile the augmentative control requests the multiplication of the predator in the laboratory, using natural or artificial preys. Even though some authors proved the visitation of the flowers of some species of Apiaceae by C. maculata, there are no records in the literature of the ingestion of pollen grains of this botanical family by this ladybeetle. In this context, this work was carried out with the aim to select the plant species whose flowers are source of pollen as alternative or complementary food to C. maculata in the perspective to compose the vegetation of the agroecosystems to contribute in the conservation of this ladybeetle, and /or to aid in its mass rearing in the laboratory conditions. The objective of the chapter I was to prove the ingestion of pollen of three species of the family Apiaceae [coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] from the provision of their flowers to the larvae of the 4th instar and adults of C. maculata. It was observed the presence of pollen grains in the five replicates of all treatments, proving the ingestion of the pollen of these three species of Apiaceae from their flowers by C. maculata. At 24 hours of exposition, adults fed on average more pollen of dill than pollens of coriander and fennel, while the larvae consumed more pollen of fennel. The objective of the chapter II was to determine the suitability of nine diets to C. maculata, including provision of pollen of the two species of Apiaceae (coriander and dill), under controlled conditions of the laboratory. Even though the diets with only flowers of these two Apiaceae did not provided the full development of C. maculata, they used as complementary food with eggs of Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) resulted in reduction of larval period, increased the egg number by cluster, and increased the body weight. The diet with alive larvae of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was proved to be an essential food as well as resulted in adults with higher body weight, and the number of eggs per cluster increased in comparison with the feeding with only eggs of A. kuehniella. / O controle biol?gico ? um importante m?todo para regular as populac?es de pragas em um sistema de produ??o agr?cola sustent?vel, pois ? uma alternativa promissora ao uso de agrot?xicos org?nicos sint?ticos que causam grandes impactos ecotoxicol?gicos. As joaninhas predadoras fazem parte dos agentes de controle biol?gico de pragas agr?colas, podendo ser manejadas pelas tr?s estrat?gias de controle biol?gico: cl?ssico, conservativo e aumentativo. No presente trabalho, buscou-se gerar conhecimento para uso da joaninha predadora afid?faga Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) sob a perspectiva das duas ?ltimas estrat?gias. O controle biol?gico conservativo envolvendo insetos predadores baseia-se no fato de que, na aus?ncia ou escassez da presa preferencial ou na presen?a de outras presas de qualidade inferior, podem usar alimentos alternativos, tais como p?len, para garantir sua sobreviv?ncia e, por vezes, sua reprodu??o e, por isso, esp?cies bot?nicas provedoras desse recurso floral devem integrar a paisagem agr?cola, dentro e/ou no entorno da propriedade agr?cola; enquanto o controle aumentativo requer a multiplica??o do predador no laborat?rio, podendo se valer de presas naturais ou artificiais. Apesar de alguns autores comprovarem a visita??o das flores de algumas esp?cies de Apiaceae por C. maculata, n?o h? relatos na literatura da ingest?o de gr?os de p?len dessa fam?lia bot?nica por essa joaninha. Nesse contexto, este trabalho foi conduzido a fim de selecionar esp?cies de plantas cujas flores sejam fonte de p?len como alimento alternativo ou complementar para C. maculata na perspectiva de compor a vegeta??o dos agroecossistemas para contribuir na conserva??o dessa joaninha, e/ou auxiliar na cria??o massal da mesma em condi??es de laborat?rio. O objetivo do cap?tulo I foi comprovar a ingest?o de p?len de tr?s esp?cies da fam?lia Apiaceae [coentro (Coriandrum sativum L.), endro (Anethum graveolens L.) e erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)] a partir da oferta de suas flores para larvas de 4? instar e adultos de C. maculata. Constatou-se a presen?a de gr?os de p?len nas cinco repeti??es de todos os tratamentos, comprovando a ingest?o de p?len dessas tr?s Apiaceae a partir de suas flores por C. maculata. Em 24 horas de exposi??o, os adultos consumiram em m?dia mais p?len de endro em compara??o aos polens de coentro e erva-doce, enquanto que as larvas consumiram mais p?len de erva-doce. O objetivo do capitulo II foi determinar a adequabilidade de nove dietas para C. maculata, incluindo oferta de p?len de duas esp?cies de Apiaceae (coentro e endro), em condi??es controladas de laborat?rio. Apesar das dietas apenas com flores dessas duas Apiaceae n?o proporcionarem o desenvolvimento completo de C. maculata, elas usadas com complementa??o da alimenta??o com ovos de Anagasta kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) possibilitam a redu??o do per?odo larval, aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura e aumento do peso corp?reo. A dieta com larvas vivas de Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera: Drosophilidae) n?o foi s? comprovada como alimento essencial como tamb?m resultou em adultos de maior peso corp?reo e um aumento no n?mero de ovos por postura em compara??o ? alimenta??o apenas com ovos de A. kuehniella.

This diploma thesis deals with alternative and augmentative communication systems using at the individuals with pervasive development disorders. Thesis is divided the theoretical and the experimental part. Theoretical part contains mainly informations about communication disability, speech development, diagnosis of communication abilities, alternative and augmentative communication systems and possibilities of aid to the families with child with pervasive development disorder. Experimental part presents research using questionnaire, which was send to the parents or legal representatives with child with pervasive development disorder. The research prepares base for next extensive researchs.

Personer med afasi lider ofta av sina språkliga svårigheter och upplever dem som ett allvarligt problem. När förmågan till effektiv kommunikation genom talat språk inte räcker till kan ett Alternativt och Kompletterande Kommunikationssätt (AKK) behövas. Det möjliggör att personen, förutom med tal, kommunicerar med till exempel bilder, gester eller tecken. Proceduren att välja ett passande AKK är komplicerad och det händer att ett hjälpmedel som inte passar individens behov sätts in av logoped, eller att ett hjälpmedel inte sätts in alls. För att utveckla och förbättra möjligheten att avgöra om och i så fall vilket hjälpmedel som bör användas har Lasker och Garrett utvecklat bedömningsverktyget The Multimodal Communication Screening Test for persons with Aphasia (MCST-A). Denna studies huvudsyfte var att översätta MCST-A till svenska. Studien delades upp i tre delar; 1) översättning och anpassning av MCST-A till svenska, 2) prövning av översättningen på personer utan afasi samt 3) en första testning på personer med måttlig till grav kronisk afasi där deras resultat på MCST-A jämfördes med en skattning av deras förmåga att kommunicera med AKK i vardagen. Översättningen och anpassningen ledde till en fungerande version på svenska. Resultatet från testningen på personer med afasi går i linje med tidigare forskning, där resultatet på MCST-A speglar personers skattade förmåga att kommunicera med AKK i vardagen. MCST-A kan således vara ett användbart instrument för att avgöra om och på vilken nivå ett hjälpmedel kan användas av en person med afasi. Det är dock inte möjligt att dra en generaliserbar slutsats utifrån denna studies resultat då urvalet var begränsat. / Individuals with aphasia often suffer from their language difficulties and experience them as a serious problem. When the ability to communicate effectively through spoken language is insufficient, an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) may be required. This allows the person, in addition to speech, to communicate with for example pictures, gestures or body language. The procedure for choosing a suitable AAC is complicated, sometimes an aid that doesn’t suit the needs of the individual is provided by speech-language pathologists and sometimes an aid isn’t provided at all. In order to develop and improve the ability to determine if and what aids should be used, Garrett and Lasker developed the assessment tool The Multimodal Communication Screening Test for Individuals with Aphasia (MCST-A). The main purpose of this study was to translate MCST-A into Swedish. The study was divided into three parts; 1) translation and adaptation of MCST-A to Swedish, 2) testing the translation on persons without aphasia, and 3) a first test on persons with moderate to severe chronic aphasia, where their results on MCST-A were compared with an estimate of their ability to communicate with AAC in daily life. The translation and adaptation led to a working version in Swedish. The results from the persons with aphasia is in line with previous research, where the results on MCST-A reflects the estimated ability to communicate with AAC in their daily lives. Thus, MCST-A can be a useful tool to determine whether if and on what level aids can be used by a person with aphasia. However, it’s not possible to draw a generalizable conclusion based on the results of this study as the sample was small.