Steigende Komplexität von Maschinen und Anlagen sowie unternehmensindividuelle Produktstrukturen führen zu Herausforderungen im Handling großer 3D-Modelle in kommerziell verfügbaren CAD-Systemen. Der Vortrag thematisiert die Anwendung unterschiedlicher Automatisierungsmöglichkeiten des CAD-Systems CATIA V5® der Firma Dassault Systèmes. Hierbei wird zum einen auf die besonderen Herausforderungen im Konstruktionsbereich des Textilmaschinenbaus eingegangen. Zum anderen werden Vorschläge für eine parametergesteuerte Anlagenkonzeption auf Basis von Knowledgeware, eine automatisierte Abstraktion großer Baugruppen und für die automatisierte Ermittlung masseabhängiger Parameter komplexer Produkte vorgestellt.

Abstract available in pdf file.

In response to growing concerns over the susceptibility of water distribution systems to contamination, this thesis presents the design and evaluation of an ecological display for an intelligent water monitoring system. Work Domain Analysis and Control Task Analysis were used to uncover the information requirements of the display. The work domain model in this thesis is one of a limited number of such models to include a representation of the automation. The resulting ecological display was evaluated in a comparative usability study against an alternative display based on a competitor’s product. Nine certified water operators participated. The displays were compared across three categories of usability measures: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. No significant differences were observed. The results, however, helped identify design changes for the display. The implications for the design of intelligent automation displays, and the challenge of designing displays in parallel with early development of automation systems, are discussed.

In response to growing concerns over the susceptibility of water distribution systems to contamination, this thesis presents the design and evaluation of an ecological display for an intelligent water monitoring system. Work Domain Analysis and Control Task Analysis were used to uncover the information requirements of the display. The work domain model in this thesis is one of a limited number of such models to include a representation of the automation. The resulting ecological display was evaluated in a comparative usability study against an alternative display based on a competitor’s product. Nine certified water operators participated. The displays were compared across three categories of usability measures: effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. No significant differences were observed. The results, however, helped identify design changes for the display. The implications for the design of intelligent automation displays, and the challenge of designing displays in parallel with early development of automation systems, are discussed.

As automated technologies continue to advance, they will be perceived more as collaborative team members and less as simply helpful machines. Expectations of the likely performance of others play an important role in how their actual performance is judged (Stephan, 1985). Although user expectations have been expounded as important for human-automation interaction, this factor has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect older and younger adults expectations of likely automation performance have on human-automation interaction. In addition, this study investigated the effect of different automation errors (false alarms and misses) on dependence, reliance, compliance, and trust in an automated system. Findings suggest that expectancy effects are relatively short lived, significantly affecting reliance and compliance only through the first experimental block. The effects of type of automation error indicate that participants in a false alarm condition increase reliance and decrease compliance while participants in a miss condition do not change their behavior. The results are important because expectancies must be considered when designing training for human-automation interaction. In addition, understanding the effects of type of automation errors is crucial for the design of automated systems. For example, if the automation is designed for diverse and dynamic environments where automation performance may fluctuate, then a deeper understanding of automation functioning may be needed by users.

As the tasks humans perform become more complicated and the technology manufactured to support those tasks becomes more adaptive, the relationship between humans and automation transforms into a collaborative system. In this system each member depends on the input of the other to reach a predetermined goal beneficial to both parties. Studying the human/automation dynamic as a social team provides a new set of variables affecting performance previously unstudied by automation researchers. One such variable is the shared mental model (Mathieu, Heffner, Goodwin, Salas, & Cannon-Bowers, 2000). This study examined the relationship between mental model quality and collaborative system performance within the domain of a navigation task. Participants navigated through a simulated city with the help of a navigational system performing at two levels of accuracy; 70% and 100%. Participants with robust mental models of the task environment identified automation errors when they occurred and optimally navigated to destinations. Conversely, users with vague mental models were less likely to identify automation errors, and chose inefficient routes to destinations. Thus, mental model quality proved to be an efficient predictor of navigation performance. Additionally, participants with no mental model performed as well as participants with vague mental models. The difference in performance was the number and type of errors committed. This research is important as it supports previous assertions that humans and automated systems can work as teammates and perform teamwork (Nass, Fog, & Moon, 2000). Thus, other variables found to impact human/human team performance might also affect human/automation team performance just as this study explored the effects of a primarily human/human team performance variable, the mental model. Additionally, this research suggests that a training program creating a weak, inaccurate, or incomplete mental model in the user is equivalent to no training program in terms of performance. Finally, through a qualitative model, this study proposes mental model quality affects the constructs of user self confidence and trust in automation. These two constructs are thought to ultimately determine automation usage (Lee & Moray, 1994). To validate the model a follow on study is proposed to measure automation usage as mental model quality changes.

<p>Det finns flera fördelar med robotiserad bågsvetsning jämfört med manuell bågsvetsning. När det gäller produktivitet och repeterbarhet är robot överlägsen människa, vilket gör att produkterna håller jämnare kvalitet. I slutet av 80-talet började offline-programmering att tillämpas. Att programmera en robot offline innebär att utföra programmeringen med dator utan direkt tillgång till roboten. Genom simulering visualiseras ett robotprogram i en grafisk modell av den fysiska robotcellen utan att den fysiska roboten behöver tas ur produktion. För att systemet för offline-programmering (OLP) ska vara effektivt, måste dess modellers kinematik överensstämma med dess fysiska motsvarigheter. En virtuell modell av en cell skiljer sig dock alltid något från verkligheten. Därför krävs kalibrering När simuleringsprogrammet är färdigt och kalibreringen är utförd, ska programmet översättas till ett för roboten specifikt programspråk. Detta görs genom en så kallad translator.</p><p>Denna rapport har skrivits på uppdrag av Delfoi. Delfoi har i flera år använt sig av DELMIA IGRIP för offline-programmering av bågsvetsningsrobotar. DELMIA har nu gett ut en ny generation program i den gemensamma plattformen V5. Plattformen innehåller bland annat DELMIA V5 Robotics och CATIA V5. Området för bågsvetsning har varit relativt outforskat. Därför vill företaget undersöka hur långt V5 Robotics har utvecklats inom detta område. Syftet är att undersöka om utvecklingen av V5 Robotics kommit tillräckligt långt för att kunna säljas till kund för offline-programmering av bågsvetsning.</p><p>Arbetet påbörjades genom att kartlägga den arbetsmetodik som Delfoi använder sig av vid bågsvetsning i IGRIP. Detta har skett i programvaran UltraArc, som innehåller IGRIP’s applikation för bågsvetsning. Dessutom gjordes en kartläggning av användandet av AMP, Arc weld Macro Programming, vid offline-programmering av bågsvetsning. Nästa del var att ta fram en metodik för bågsvetsning i V5 Robotics. De båda programmen och dess metodik har sedan jämförts, för att ta reda på om V5 Robotics är tillräckligt utvecklat för att migrera från IGRIP till V5 Robotics. Demonstrationer av arbetssättet i V5 Robotics har genomförts på Delfoi samt hos en av Delfois kunder, BT Industries i Mjölby.</p><p>Författarnas slutsats är att V5 Robotics är redo att användas för OLP av bågsvetsning. För de företag som använder sig av CATIA V5 finns det stora fördelar med att starta migrationen från IGRIP till V5 Robotics. Metodiken mellan de båda mjukvarorna har stora likheter, men vissa delar har utvecklats till det bättre i V5 Robotics. Dock kan den nya programvaran behöva testas i verkliga projekt för att säkerställa att hela programmeringsprocessen fungerar tillfredsställande innan bytet genomförs.</p> / <p>There are several advantages in robotic arc welding, compared to manual arc welding. When it comes to productivity and repeatability, robot is superior to man, which generates more even quality in products. In the end of the 1980’s, offline programming was put into practice. To program a robot offline means to perform the programming on a computer with no direct access to the robot. Through simulation, the robot program is visualized as a graphic model of the actual workcell, without having to take the actual robot out of production. For the offline programming system (OLP) to be efficient, the kinematics of the models need to correspond to its physical counterpart. A virtual model is always slightly different from the reality. That is why calibration is necessary. When the simulation program is complete and the calibration is done, the program needs to be translated to the language of the target robot. This is done through a post processor.</p><p>This thesis was written as an assignment from the company Delfoi. Delfoi has been using DELMIA IGRIP for offline programming of robotic arc welding for several years. DELMIA now has released a new generation of programs in the common platform V5. The platform includes for example DELMIA V5 Robotics and CATIA V5. The area of arc welding has been relatively unexplored. That is why the company wants to investigate how far V5 Robotics has developed in this area. The purpose is to investigate if the development of V5 Robotics has come far enough for V5 Robotics to be taken to customers for OLP of arc welding.</p><p>The work was begun by surveying the methodology used by Delfoi in arc welding in IGRIP. This has been done in the software UltraArc, which consists of the arc welding application from IGRIP. There was also a surveillance of the application of AMP, Arc weld Macro Programming, in offline programming of arc welding. The next step was to evolve a methodology for arc welding in V5 Robotics. The two softwares and their methodologies were then compared to find out whether or not V5 is enough developed for migration from IGRIP to V5 Robotics. Demonstrations of the method of working in V5 Robotics were held on Delfoi and on BT Industries in Mjölby, which is one of Deloi’s clients.</p><p>The conclusion of the writers is that V5 Robotics is ready to be used in OLP of arc welding. For companies using CATIA V5, there are great advantages in migrating from IGRIP to V5 Robotics. The methodoldgies of the softwares show great similarities, but some parts have been developed to the better in V5 Robotics. Though, the new software needs to be tested in real projects to assure that the entire process of programming functions satisfying before the change is completed.</p>

This thesis was conducted to provide an automated method for characterization of printed electronics. The work was built on a multi-axis milling machine. Further, the machine was modified by replacing the milling-tool with an installment utilizing electrical probing. Different measurement techniques, machine vision applications, and software solutions were evaluated and utilized. All the revolving functionalities of this project was then merged into a complete system, controlled by a graphical user interface. The resulting system was capable of autonomously characterize a given number of components on a printed sheet. The final version of the system is capable of finding the origin of the sheet by using machine vision and fiducial markers.

Current manufacturing automation systems (specifically the powertrain sector) have been facing challenges with constant pressures of globalisation, environmental concerns and ICT (Information and Communication Technology) innovations. These challenges instigate new demands for shorter product lifecycles and require customised products to be manufactured as efficiently as possible. Manufacturing systems must therefore be agile to remain competitive by supporting frequent reconfigurations involving distributed engineering activities.

Vid rökdykning i stora byggnader har rökdykare problem med desorientering, stora avstånd och lokalisering av branden. Detta arbete utforskar användbarheten och rollen av en brandrobot, FUMO, vid rökdykning i industrilokaler och underjordiska parkeringshus. Genom att intervjua brandmän med erfarenhet av rökdykning har en hierarkisk uppgiftsanalys (HTA) genomförts och HTA-diagram har tagits fram för hur rökdykning i underjordiska parkeringshus och industrilokaler ser ut idag. Baserat på dessa HTA-diagram har nya analyser genomförts som har resulterat i kompletterade HTA-diagram som beskriver hur en rökdykningsprocess som inkluderar FUMO kan se ut. Resultatet visar att FUMO kan genom utforskning och lokalisering av branden innan rökdykarpar går in, bidra med en säkrare arbetsmiljö för rökdykarna. / When smoke diving in large buildings, firefighters struggle with disorientation, vast distances and locating the fire itself. This thesis explores the usability and role of a surveillance robot, FUMO, when smoke diving in industries and underground parking lots. By interviewing firefighters and conducting a hierarchical task analysis (HTA) on smoke diving in both underground parking lots and industries, it has been found that FUMO in its basic module can aid firefighters in planning and locating a fire. Based on the HTA describing the current work process of smoke diving, two iterations were conducted to create an HTA with part-goals allocated to FUMO for each environment. These HTA shows how FUMO can be integrated in the current work process of the firefighters. By exploring the environment and locating the fire before the smoke divers are sent in, FUMO can contribute to a safer work environment for the smoke divers.