abstract: Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation is the industry standard for computing practical turbulent flows -- since large eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) require comparatively massive computational power to simulate even relatively simple flows. RANS, like LES, requires that a user specify a “closure model” for the underlying turbulence physics. However, despite more than 60 years of research into turbulence modeling, current models remain largely unable to accurately predict key aspects of the complex turbulent flows frequently encountered in practical engineering applications. Recently a new approach, termed “autonomic closure”, has been developed for LES that avoids the need to specify any prescribed turbulence model. Autonomic closure is a fully-adaptive, self-optimizing approach to the closure problem, in which the simulation itself determines the optimal local, instantaneous relation between any unclosed term and the simulation variables via solution of a nonlinear, nonparametric system identification problem. In principle, it should be possible to extend autonomic closure from LES to RANS simulations, and this thesis is the initial exploration of such an extension. A RANS implementation of autonomic closure would have far-reaching impacts on the ability to simulate practical engineering applications that involve turbulent flows. This thesis has developed the formal connection between autonomic closure for LES and its counterpart for RANS simulations, and provides a priori results from FLUENT simulations of the turbulent flow over a backward-facing step to evaluate the performance of an initial implementation of autonomic closure for RANS. Key aspects of these results lay the groundwork on which future efforts to extend autonomic closure to RANS simulations can be based. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Aerospace Engineering 2017

abstract: Background: When studying how humans regulate their affect, it is important to recognize that affect regulation does not occur in a vacuum. As humans are an inherently social species, affect plays a crucial evolutionary role in social behavior, and social behavior likewise assumes an important role in affect and affect regulation. Emotion researchers are increasingly interested the specific ways people help to regulate and dysregulate one another’s affect, though experimental examinations of the extant models and theory are relatively few. This thesis presents a broad theoretical framework for social affect regulation between close others, considering the role of attachment theory and its developmental foundations for social affect regulation in adulthood. Affectionate and responsive touch is considered a major mechanism of regulatory benefit between people, both developmentally and in adulthood, and is the focus of the present investigation. Method: A total sample of 231 heterosexual married couples were recruited from the community. Participants were assigned to engage in affectionate touch or sit quietly, and/or engage in positive conversation prior to a stress task. Physiological data was collected continuously across the experiment. Hypotheses: Phasic respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was used to index the degree of regulatory engagement during the stressor for those who did and did not touch. It was hypothesized that touch would reduce stress appraisal and thus the need for regulatory engagement. This effect was predicted to be greater for those more anxiously attached while increasing the need for regulatory engagement in those more avoidantly attached. Secondarily, partner effects of attachment on sympathetic activation via pre-ejection period (PEP) change were tested. It was predicted that both attachment dimensions would predict a decrease in partner PEP change in the touch condition, with avoidant attachment having the strongest effect. Results: Hierarchical linear modeling techniques were used to account for nonindependence in dyadic observations. The first set of hypotheses were not supported, while the second set were partially supported. Wives’ avoidance significantly predicted husbands’ PEP change, but in the positive direction. This effect also significantly increased in the touch condition. Theoretical considerations and limitations are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Psychology 2017

Ces dernières décennies, les environnements informatiques sont devenus de plus en plus complexes, parsemés de dispositifs miniatures et sophistiqués gérant la mobilité et communiquant sans fil. L'informatique ubiquitaire, telle qu'imaginée par Mark Weiser en 1991, favorise l'intégration transparente de ces environnements avec le monde réel pour offrir de nouveaux types d'applications. La conception de programmes pour environnements ubiquitaires soulève cependant de nombreux défis, en particulier le problème de rendre une application auto-adaptable dans un contexte en constante évolution. Parallèlement, alors que la taille et la complexité de systèmes plus classiques ont explosé, IBM a proposé le concept d'informatique autonomique afin de réduire le fardeau de l'administration de systèmes imposants et largement disséminés. Cette thèse se base sur une approche où les applications sont conçues sous la forme de composants utilisant et fournissant des services. Un modèle de développement fondé sur une architecture de référence pour la conception d'applications ubiquitaires est proposée, fortement inspiré des recherches dans le domaine de l'informatique autonomique. Dans ce modèle, les applications sont prises en charge par une hiérarchie de gestionnaires autonomiques, qui appuient leurs décisions sur une représentation centrale du système. La mise en œuvre de cette contribution requiert de rendre la couche d'exécution sous-jacente plus réflexive, en vue de supporter de nouveaux types d'adaptations à l'exécution. Nous proposons également un modèle qui décrit le système à l'exécution et reflète sa dynamique de manière uniforme, suivant les principes du style d'architecture REST. Les applications reposant sur ce cette couche d'exécution réflexive et représentées par ce modèle sont qualifiées d'Autonomic-Ready. L'implantation de nos propositions ont été intégrées dans le modèle à composant orienté service Apache Felix iPOJO. Le modèle de représentation du système, nommé Everest, est publié en tant que sous-projet d'OW2 Chameleon. Ces propositions ont été évaluées et validées par la conception et l'exécution d'une application ubiquitaire sur iCASA, un environnement de développement et de simulation. / In the last decades, computing environments have been getting more and more complex, filled with miniaturized and sophisticated devices that can handle mobility and wireless communications. Ubiquitous computing, as envisioned by Mark Weiser in 1991, promote the seamless integration of those computing environments with the real world in order to offer new kinds of applications. However, writing software for ubiquitous environments raises numerous challenges, mainly the problem of how to make an application adapt itself in an ever changing context. From another perspective, as classical softwares were growing in size and complexity, IBM proposed the concept of autonomic computing to help to contain the burden of administering massive and numerous systems. This PhD thesis is based on an approach where applications are designed in terms of components using and providing services. A development model based on a reference architecture for the conception of ubiquitous applications is proposed, greatly inspired by researches in the autonomic computing field. In this model, the application is managed by a hierarchy of autonomic managers, that base their decisions on a central representation of the system. The fulfilment of this contribution requires to make the underlying middleware more reflexive, in order to support new kinds of runtime adaptations. We also provide a model that depicts the running system and its dynamics in a uniform way, based on REST principles. Applications relying on this reflexive middleware and represented by this model are what we called Autonomic-Ready. Implementations of our proposals have been integrated in the Apache Felix iPOJO service-oriented component model. The system representation, named Everest, is provided as a OW2 Chameleon subproject. Validation is based on the iCASA pervasive environment development and simulation environment.

La problématique d'adaptation autonomique prend de plus en plus d'importance dans l'administration des applications modernes, notamment pervasives. En effet, la composition entre les différentes ressources de l'application (dispositifs physiques, services et applications tierces) doit souvent être dynamique, et s'adapter automatiquement et rapidement aux évolutions du contexte d'exécution. Pour cela, les composants orientés services offrent un support à l'adaptation au niveau architectural. Cependant, ils ne permettent pas d'exprimer l'ensemble des contraintes de conception qui doivent être garanties lors de l'exécution du système. Pour lever cette limite, cette thèse a modélisé les architectures de conception, de déploiement et de l'exécution. De plus, elle a établi des liens entre celle-ci et proposé des algorithmes afin de vérifier la validité d'une architecture de l'exécution par rapport à son architecture de conception. Cela nous a conduits à considérer de près le cycle de vie des composants et à définir un ensemble de concepts afin de les faire participer à des architectures supportant la variabilité. Notons que cette formalisation peut être exploitée aussi bien par un administrateur humain, que par un gestionnaire autonomique qui voit ainsi sa base de connaissances augmentée et structurée. L'implantation a donné lieu à la réalisation d'une base de connaissance, mise à disposition d'un atelier (Cilia IDE) de conception, déploiement et supervision d'applications dynamiques, ainsi que d'un gestionnaire autonomique capable de modifier la structure d'une application pervasive. Cette thèse a été validée à l'aide d'une application pervasive nommée <<~Actimétrie~>>, développée dans le cadre du projet FUI~MEDICAL. / The autonomic adaptation of software application is becoming increasingly important in many domains, including pervasive field. Indeed, the integration fo different application resources (physical devices, services and third party applications) often needs to be dynamic and should adapt rapidly and automatically to changes in the execution context. To that end, service-oriented components offer support for adaptation at the architectural level. However, they do not allow the formalisation of all the design constraints that must be guaranteed during the execution of the system. To overcome this limitation, this thesis modeled the design, deployment and runtime architectures. Also, it proposes to establish links between them and has developed algorithms to check the validity of an execution architecture with respect to its architectural design. This led us to consider the entire life cycle of components and to define a set of concepts to be included in architectures supporting variability. This formalisation can be exploited both by a human administrator and by an autonomic manager that has its knowledge base increased and structured. The implementation resulted in the realization of a knowledge base, providing a studio (Cilia IDE) for the design, deployment and supervision of dynamic applications, as well as an autonomic manager that can update the structure of pervasive applications. This thesis has been validated using a pervasive application called “Actimetry”, developed in the FUI~MEDICAL project.

L'émergence des nouveaux types d'environnements informatiques amplifie le besoin pour des systèmes logiciels d'être capables d'évoluer dynamiquement. Cependant, ces systèmes rendent très difficile le déploiement de logiciels en utilisant des processus humains. Il y a donc un besoin croissant d'outils d'automatisation qui permettent de déployer et reconfigurer des systèmes logiciels sans en interrompre l'exécution. Le processus de déploiement continu et automatisé permet de mettre à jour ou d'adapter un logiciel en exécution en fonction des changements contextuels et des exigences opérationnelles. Les solutions existantes ne permettent pas des déploiements reproductibles et tolérant aux pannes dans des environnements fluctuants, et donc requérant une adaptation continue. Cette thèse se concentre en particulier sur des solutions de déploiement continu pour les plates-formes d'exécution dynamiques, tels que celle utilisé dans les environnements ubiquitaires. Elle adopte une approche basée sur un processus transactionnel et idempotent pour coordonner les actions de déploiement. La thèse propose, également, un ensemble d'outils, y compris un gestionnaire de déploiement capable de mener des déploiements discret, mais également d'adapter les applications continuellement en fonction des changements contextuels. La mise en œuvre de ces outils, permet notamment aux développeurs et aux administrateurs de développer des déploiements d'applications grâce à un langage spécifique suivant les principes de l‘infrastructure-as-code. En utilisant l'implantation de Rondo, les propositions de cette thèse sont validées dans plusieurs projets industriels et académiques à la fois pour l'administration de plates-formes ubiquitaires ainsi que pour l'installation d'applications et leurs reconfigurations continues. / Driven by the emergence of new computing environments, dynamically evolving software systems makes it impossible for developers to deploy software with human-centric processes. Instead, there is an increasing need for automation tools that continuously deploy software into execution, in order to push updates or adapt existing software regarding contextual and business changes. Existing solutions fall short on providing fault-tolerant, reproducible deployments that would scale on heterogeneous environments. This thesis focuses especially on enabling continuous deployment solutions for dynamic execution platforms, such as would be found in Pervasive Computing environments. It adopts an approach based on a transactional, idempotent process for coordinating deployment actions. The thesis proposes a set of deployment tools, including a deployment manager capable of conducting deployments and continuously adapting applications according to the changes in the current state of the target platform. The implementation of these tools, Rondo, also allows developers and administrators to code application deployments thanks to a deployment descriptor DSL. Using the implementation of Rondo, the propositions of this thesis are validated in several industrial and academic projects by provisioning frameworks as well as on installing application and continuous reconfigurations.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Paes / Resumo: A ehrlichiose monocítica canina (EMC) é uma enfermidade causada pela bactéria Ehrlichia canis, mundialmente difundida, principalmente em regiões de clima quente devido à maciça presença de seu vetor, o carrapato Rhipicephalus sanguineus. A miocardite infeciosa em cães é comprovada por estudos histopatológicos na ehrlichiose monocítica canina em fase crônica. Estudos anteriores demonstraram arritmias associadas a miocardite em cães com EMC na fase crônica, porém os estudos relacionados às afecções cardíacas na EMC durante a fase agudas são escassos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações cardíacas elétricas e a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no dominio do tempo e da frequência em cães com ehrlichiose monocítica aguda. Foram avaliados 22 animais divididos em dois grupos: grupo controle (GC) composto por 10 cães saudáveis e grupo doente (GD), composto por 12 cães infectados naturalmente por ehrlichiose, apresentando sinais clínicos e hematológicos da doença na fase aguda. Foi realizado eletrocardiograma convencional, eletrocardiograma ambulatorial Holter, aferição da pressão arterial sistêmica, hemograma e análises bioquimicas (uréia, creatinina, ALT, FA e GGT). Os resultados encontrados no GD demonstraram predomínio da atividade do sistema nervoso autônomo simpático sobre o parassimpático com aumento da frequência cardíaca média e diminuição dos índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca no domínio do tempo e da frequência. Quanto ao ritmo cardíac... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is a disease caused by the bacteria Ehrlichia canis, which is widespread worldwide, especially in hot climates due to the massive presence of its vector, the tick Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The infectious myocarditis in dogs is confirmed by histopathological studies on canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in the chronic phase. Previous studies have demonstrated arrhythmias associated with myocarditis in dogs with chronic phase EMC, but studies related to heart conditions in acute phase EMC are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate cardiac changes and heart rate variability in time and frequency domain. Twenty-two animals were divided into two groups: a control group (CG) composed of 10 healthy dogs and a sick group (DG), composed of twelve dogs naturally infected by ehrlichiosis, presenting clinical and haematological signs of the disease in the acute phase. A conventional electrocardiogram, Holter ambulatory electrocardiogram, blood pressure measurement, blood count and biochemical analyzes (urea, creatinine, ALP, ALT, and GGT) were performed. In GD, the predominance of sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity on the parasympathetic was observed, with an increase in mean heart rate and a decrease in heart rate variability indexes in time and frequency domain. As to heart rate, 58.33% of the animals presented predominant sinus tachycardia. No significant clinical repercussion arrhythmias were observed during the monitoring of the animals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Indivíduos diabéticos estão sujeitos a maior mortalidade cardiovascular relacionadas à disfunção autonômica e à neuropatia. Por outro lado o exercício físico é uma ferramenta importante no tratamento do diabetes, melhorando a função autonômica, melhorando a sensibilidade baroreflexa e quimioreflexa além de melhorar a freqüência cardíaca intrínseca. Os benefícios cardiovasculares e metabólicos do exercício físico em indivíduos diabéticos são bem conhecidos, mas uma questão permanece em aberto: Por quanto tempo esse benefícios são mantidos após a cessação do treinamento físico? O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito de 3 semanas de destreinamento nas variáveis autonômicas, metabólicas e cardiovasculares após 10 semanas de treinamento em ratos diabéticos por STZ. Os experimentos foram realizados em ratos Wistar, machos, randomicamente divididos em 6 grupos: controle sedentário (CS), controle treinado (CT), controle treinado-destreinado (CD), diabético sedentário (DS), diabético treinado (DT) e diabético treinado-destreinado (DD). A indução do diabetes foi feita por uma injeção IV de STZ (50-60 mg/kg). O exercício físico de moderada intensidade (50 70% da velocidade máxima de corrida) foi realizado durante 10 semanas, seguidas de 3 semanas de destreinamento. Ao final do protocolo, artéria e veia femoral foram canuladas, pressão arterial (PA) e freqüência cardíaca (FC) foram medidas, de forma direta, gravadas e processadas por um sistema de aquisição de dados (Windaq, 2 kHz). A sensibilidade baroreflexa foi calculada pela razão da FC/PAM, depois da infusão de drogas vasoativas. A análise da potência espectral (FFT) foi calculada pela densidade media dos espectros. O diabetes reduziu a PA, a FC e a sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR), o que foi revertido pelo exercício físico e mantido após as 3 semanas de destreinamento. Nos animais controles, o exercício físico diminuiu a PA e a FC e melhorou a SBR, alterações estas que retornaram aos valores basais depois do destreinamento. A variância foi menor no DS quando comparada ao CS. O treinamento físico melhorou a variância no grupo DT enquanto que no grupo DD a variância foi similar a do grupo DS. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos animais controle não diabéticos. No domínio da freqüência, o componente LF (%) e a razão entre LF/HF foi atenuada no grupo DT e no grupo DD, entretanto essa diferença não foi estatisticamente diferente do grupo DS. Nos animais controle, o exercício físico diminuiu a razão entre LF/HF (balance simpatovagal) e o componente LF enquanto que o componente HF esteve aumentado nos dois grupos: CT e DT. Embora a variância do IP tenha retornado aos valores basais após o destreinamento, nos animais diabéticos, observamos uma relação inversa entre o nível de glicose plasmatica e o componente HF (%) da variância da FC. O diabetes induziu redução da freqüência cardíaca intrínseca quando comparada a todos os grupos controle. O exercício físico reverteu essa alteração, e o efeito persistiu após o destreinamento. Nos animais diabéticos, o exercício diminuiu a glicemia e o destreinamento aumentou-a, mas mesmo assim o nível glicemico ainda ficou menor do que os observados nos animais diabéticos sedentários. Os ratos diabéticos treinados apresentaram 84% de sobrevivência durante as 10 semanas de treinamento enquanto que os diabéticos sedentários apresentaram 62%. Na 13 semana de protocolo, os diabéticos destreinados tiveram 80% de sobrevivência e os diabéticos sedentários 53% de sobrevivência. Esses achados indicam que o exercício físico não é apenas uma importante ferramenta no manejo das disfunções metabólicas e cardiovasculares do diabetes, mas mostra também que a algumas dessas melhoras persistem mesmo após 3 semanas de destreinamento, contribuindo para o aumento da taxa de sobrevida dos grupos treinados e destreinados quando comparados com os sedentários. / Diabetic subjects are prone to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality related to autonomic dysfunction and neuropathy. On the other hand, exercise is an important therapeutic tool in the treatment of diabetes improving autonomic function, increasing baro (BRS) and chemoreflex sensitivity and also intrinsic heart rate (IHR). Regarding the benefits of exercise training in cardiovascular and metabolic function in diabetic subjects, a question not yet answered is how long are these benefits kept. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 3 weeks of detraining in the autonomic, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters after a previous period of 10 weeks of training in STZ-diabetic rats. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n=8 each): sedentary controls (CS), trained controls (CT), traineddetrained controls (CD), sedentary diabetic (DS), trained diabetic (DT) and trained-detrained diabetic (DD). Diabetes was induced by STZ (50 mg/kg. ev). Moderate intensity exercise training (50-70% maximal running speed) was performed during 10 weeks, and 3 weeks for detraining. After femoral vessels catheterization, arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) were directly obtained, recorded and processed by a data acquisition system (Windaq, 2 kHz). BRS was calculated by the ratio HR/MAP, after infusion of vasoactive drugs. Spectral power (FFT) was calculated by means of power spectrum density integration. Diabetes promoted attenuation in AP, HR as well as in BRS, which was reversed by exercise training and maintained after 3 weeks of detraining. In controls, training decreased AP and HR and improved BRS, changes that returned to baseline values after the detraining. Variance was lower in DS versus CS. Exercise training improved variance in DT while in DD it was similar to DS. No changes were observed in non diabetic controls. In frequency domain the LF (%) component and the LF/HF ratio were attenuated in DT and DD groups, but not statistically different to DS. Exercise training in controls decreased the LF/HF ratio (sympathovagal balance) and LF component while HF component was increased in both CT and DT. Although whole variance of HR returned to basal levels after detraining in diabetic animals, there was an inverse relationship between plasma glucose levels and the HF (%) component of HRV. Diabetes induced IHR reduction in relation to all groups of control animals. Exercise training reversed that change, which was kept after detraining. In diabetes, exercise training lowered glycemia while detraining increased it when compared to trained diabetic, but the glucose levels were still lower than in sedentary diabetic. Diabetic trained rats presented 84% while diabetic sedentary 62% of survival rate in 10 weeks of training protocol. In the 13th week of protocol the diabetic detrained animals had 80% and the diabetic sedentary rats had a survival rate of 53%. These findings indicate that exercise training is not only an effective tool in the management of cardiovascular and metabolic diabetic derangements but also that these changes were kept working even after 3 weeks of detraining, contributing to the increase survival rate of the trained and detrained groups in comparison with sedentary ones

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:08:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hoshi_ra_me_prud.pdf: 470187 bytes, checksum: 5cba677581b43beb6b7309e781ff9714 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) desempenha um papel importante na regulação dos processos fisiológicos do organismo humano tanto em condições normais quanto patológicas. Dentre as técnicas utilizadas para sua avaliação, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) tem emergido como uma medida simples e não-invasiva dos impulsos autonômicos, representando um dos mais promissores marcadores quantitativos do balanço autonômico. A VFC descreve as oscilações no intervalo entre batimentos cardíacos consecutivos (intervalos R-R), assim como oscilações entre frequências cardíacas instantâneas consecutivas. Trata-se de uma medida que pode ser utilizada para avaliar a modulação do SNA sob condições fisiológicas, tais como em situações de vigília e sono, diferentes posições do corpo, treinamento físico, e também em condições patológicas. Mudanças nos padrões da VFC fornecem um indicador sensível e antecipado de comprometimentos na saúde. Uma alta variabilidade na frequência cardíaca é sinal de boa adaptação, caracterizando um indivíduo saudável, com mecanismos autonômicos eficientes, enquanto que, baixa variabilidade é frequentemente um indicador de adaptação anormal e insuficiente do SNA, implicando a presença de mau funcionamento fisiológico no indivíduo. Diante da sua importância como um marcador que reflete a atividade do SNA sobre o nódulo sinusal e como uma ferramenta clínica para avaliar e identificar comprometimentos na saúde, este artigo revisa aspectos conceituais da VFC, dispositivos de mensuração, métodos de filtragem, índices utilizados para análise da VFC, limitações de utilização e aplicações clínicas da VFC. / Autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an important role in the regulation of the physiological processes of the human organism during normal and pathological conditions. Among the techniques used in its evaluation, the heart rate variability (HRV) has arising as a simple and non-invasive measure of the autonomic impulses, representing one of the most promising quantitative markers of the autonomic balance. The HRV describes the oscillations in the interval between consecutive heart beats (RR interval), as well as the oscillations between consecutive instantaneous heart rates. It is a measure that can be used to assess the ANS modulation under physiological conditions, such as wakefulness and sleep conditions, different body positions, physical training and also pathological conditions. Changes in the HRV patterns provide a sensible and advanced indicator of health involvements. Higher HRV is a signal of good adaptation and characterizes a health person with efficient autonomic mechanisms, while lower HRV is frequently an indicator of abnormal and insufficient adaptation of the autonomic nervous system, provoking poor patient's physiological function. Because of its importance as a marker that reflects the ANS activity on the sinus node and as a clinical instrument to assess and identify health involvements, this study reviews conceptual aspects of the HRV, measurement devices, filtering methods, indexes used in the HRV analyses, limitations in the use and clinical applications of the HRV.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moreno_il_me_prud.pdf: 1203904 bytes, checksum: 26f18ba1587bec3464dc0f5b7f346c05 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A necessidade de reposição das perdas hídricas decorrentes da atividade física tornou-se estabelecida e difundida em consensos internacionais. Entretanto, permanece pouco compreendida a influência da reposição de fluido quando administrada, igualmente, durante e após o exercício sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e sobre a modulação autonômica cardíaca. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da reposição hidroeletrolítica na frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), saturação parcial de oxigênio (SpO2), frequência respiratória (f) e nos índices de variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) calculados por métodos lineares [SDNN, RMSSD, LF(nu), HF(nu), LF(ms2), HF(ms2) e LF/HF] e não lineares (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, REC, DET, ApEn, DFA total, alfa-1, alfa-2) de jovens durante e após um exercício... / The reposition necessity of hydric loss from physical activity became well-known and established in international consensus. However, it is not well established the influence of fluid reposition, especially when administered equally during and after the physical activity, in cardiorespiratory parameters and autonomic cardiac modulation. Objective: analyze the effects of hydroelectrolyte reposition in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), partial oxygen saturation (SpO2), respiratory rate (f) and heart rate variability indexes (HRV) calculated by linear methods [SDNN, RMSSD, LF(nu), HF(nu), LF(ms2), HF(ms2) and LF/HF] and nonlinear methods (SD1, SD2, SD1/SD2, REC, DET, ApEn, DFA, alpha- 1, alpha-2) in young during and after a long-term exercise ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by LUIZ HENRIQUE NATALI null (luhnatali@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-30T19:05:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO completa.pdf: 1855365 bytes, checksum: e1aaabe0f34e47039840d7783425d449 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-31T16:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 natali_lh_me_araca.pdf: 1855365 bytes, checksum: e1aaabe0f34e47039840d7783425d449 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T16:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 natali_lh_me_araca.pdf: 1855365 bytes, checksum: e1aaabe0f34e47039840d7783425d449 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 / A hipertensão arterial é frequentemente associada à prejudicada sensibilidade do barorreflexo (SBR). Em ratas espontaneamente hipertensas (SHR), a gravidez reduz a pressão sanguínea, e este efeito tem sido associado ao aumento da biodisponibilidade de óxido nítrico (NO). O aumento da biodisponibilidade do NO tem sido associado a uma SBR restaurada em animais hipertensos. Por isso, testamos a hipótese de que a gravidez melhora a SBR em SHR. Foram realizados experimentos em ratas Wistar e SHR não prenhas (NP) e prenhas (P), sendo dez virgens e dez prenhas em cada grupo, para avaliar a modulação autonômica cardíaca e vasomotora, a SBR em condições basais (espontânea) e após a administração de doses de fenilefrina (FE) e nitroprussiato de sódio (NPS). Séries temporais com valores de intervalo de pulso (IP) e de pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) foram geradas e tiveram espectros calculados pela Transformada Rápida de Fourrier. Em seguida, os espectros foram integrados em bandas de baixa (LF) e alta freqüência (HF), e os poderes das bandas foram tomadas como índices de modulação autonômica cardiovascular. Observamos reduzida pressão arterial média em ratas Wistar prenhas (W-P) e SHR prenhas (SHR-P) quando comparado com ratas NP, no entanto, a frequência cardíaca basal não foi alterada. Em SHR-NP, a análise espectral revelou modulação autonômica cardiovascular alterada quando comparado com os outros grupos (banda de alta LF do espectro PAS e banda de alta HF dos espectros IP). No entanto, em SHR-P os parâmetros autonômicos foram encontrados semelhantes aos observados em ratas Wistar-NP, sugerindo que a prenhez restaurou as alterações na modulação autonômica. A SBR espontânea não foi alterada em SHR-P quando comparado com W-P. A prenhez reduziu a SBR durante situações de hipotensão no grupo Wistar. A SBR avaliada após a administração de FE ou NPS foi menor em SHR-NP em comparação com Wistar-NP, e não se alterou pela prenhez. Em conclusão, a gravidez não melhorou as SBR em SHR, mas normalizou a alterada modulação vasomotora simpática e a modulação parassimpática cardíaca observados em SHR-NP. / Hypertension is frequently associated to impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), pregnancy reduces blood pressure, and this effect has been associated to increased nitric oxide (NO) availability. Increased NO bioavailability has been linked to improved BRS in hypertensive animals. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy improves the BRS in SHR. Experiments were performed to evaluate the vasomotor and cardiac autonomic modulation, and the BRS at baseline conditions (spontaneous) and after phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) administrations in female non-pregnant (NP) and pregnant (P) Wistar rats and SHR. Time series with pulse interval (PI) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) values were generated and had spectra calculated by Fast Fourier Transform. Next, spectra were integrated into low (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands, and the powers of the bands were taken as indexes of cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Reduced mean arterial pressure was observed in Wistar pregnant (W-P) and SHR pregnant (SHR-P) when compared to NP matched rats, however the heart rate was not altered. In SHR-NP, spectral analysis revealed altered cardiovascular autonomic modulation when compared to the other groups (high LF band of the SAP spectra and high HF band of the PI spectra). However, in SHR-P the autonomic parameters were found similar to those observed in Wistar-NP, suggesting that pregnancy prevented changes in autonomic modulation. Spontaneous BRS was not altered in SHR-P when compared to W-P. Pregnancy reduced the BRS during hypotension in Wistar group. BRS assessed with PE and SNP administration was found lower in SHR-NP as compared to Wistar-NP, and it was not altered by pregnancy. In conclusion, pregnancy did not improve the BRS in SHR but normalized altered sympathetic vasomotor modulation and parasympathetic cardiac modulation in SHR.