Orientador: Renato Jose Pinto Ortiz / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T04:02:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sachet_Zenaide_M.pdf: 874338 bytes, checksum: 8356f0a2686e3cf92f381b295a6951b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Segundo Humberto Maturana, na história da biologia, por vezes se ressaltou o indivíduo em detrimento da espécie e por outras, a espécie em detrimento do indivíduo. Sua proposta teórica de legitimar a espécie e o indivíduo ao mesmo tempo, que se origina no conceito de autopoiesis, é o que pretendo aprofundar neste trabalho, por intermédio do estudo das idéias que estão na base de sua teoria, a Biologia do Conhecer. Seguindo os fundamentos conceituais da Biologia do Conhecer tratarei, portanto, dos dois domínios operacionais da existência dos seres vivos. O primeiro, o domínio da dinâmica estrutural interna, da identidade do ser que conhece e onde acontece a autopoiesis, e o segundo, o da dinâmica relacional, onde existimos propriamente como seres vivos na realização de nosso viver em interações recorrentes. No tratamento do segundo domínio poderemos, então, especificar o que constitui a possibilidade de diálogo com o autor, já que trataremos da dinâmica dos seres humanos, que vivem imersos na linguagem / Abstract: According to Humberto Maturana, within the history of biology, at times, the individual is given more prominence than the species; at others, the species is given more than the individual. Maturana.s theoretical proposition of simultaneously legitimizing both the species and the individual, which is at the root of the autopoiesis concept, is what I intend to investigate, by studying the ideas that lay the groundwork for his theory: the Biology of Cognition. By uncovering the conceptual foundations of the Biology of Cognition, I shall, therefore, explore the two operational domains of existence of living organisms: the first domain of the internal structural dynamic, of the identity of the being that knows and where autopoiesis occurs; and the second domain of the relational dynamic, where we effectively exist as living beings in the fulfillment of our living within recursive interactions. The treatment of the second domain can, thus, specify that which constitutes the possibility of dialoguing with the author, since we shall be dealing with the dynamic of human beings, who live immersed in language / Mestrado / Teoria Sociológica / Mestre em Sociologia

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:57:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Judy_Parte_1.pdf: 23734 bytes, checksum: e85975e51ae5ffa0a3fb38e3fd75ef4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As ferramentas da Web 2.0, como os Weblogs, foram adotadas pelos interagentes de identidade física e/ou jurídica do ambiente da internet para fazer divulgação científica dos resultados desenvolvidos em pesquisas nacionais e internacionais. Nessa ferramenta, pesquisadores, jornalistas e outros divulgadores da ciência assumem a identidade de blogueiro. A comunicação gerada nos Weblogs é caracterizada pelo seu aspecto de fácil publicação e acesso e apropriação por qualquer indivíduo que tem acesso a ferramenta, sendo assim necessário perceber a forma que a ciência tem sido divulgada na blogosfera, identificando seu alcance diante de outros pesquisadores e dos visitantes não letrados cientificamente. Essa pesquisa de método indutivo e de objetivo exploratório adotou como objeto de estudo o Scienceblogs Brasil, condomínio de blogs de ciência formado por blogueiros brasileiros. A proposta teórica da pesquisa fundamentou os blogs a partir do conceito de autopoiese proposto por Niklas Luhmann, sendo o objeto tratado como um subsistema autopoiético da rede mundial de computadores, sendo esta última entendida como ambiente dos blogs. Para estudar as relações sociais que são formadas nos blogs de ciência, foi discutido e aplicado o conceito de capital cientifico de Pierre Bordieu, identificando-o nos processos relacionais existentes entre blogueiro e visitante desse espaço digital, no qual as informações de ciência são vistas como elemento que dá projeção ao trabalho do pesquisador. E ainda, para avaliar a qualidade das informações que são publicadas e circulam na blogosfera cientifica, foram adotados os critérios propostos por Tomáel at al, os quais identificam os elementos necessários para a confiabilidade das informações publicadas. As conclusões obtidas após a análise dos dados apontam a necessidade de se fazer uso da ferramenta em um formato colaborativo, de acordo com sua essência, apropriando-se ainda das possibilidades educativas pertencentes ao blog, no qual a ciência torna-se parte da realidade do visitante leigo nos temas publicados, cumprindo efetivamente a proposta de divulgação da ciência.

A presente dissertação busca compreender as afirmações da vida sem condicionantes, o amor fati, tal como foi compreendido por Nietzsche, nos processos formativos de educadores. Ao lado dessa noção, os conceitos de sujeitos em processualidade, corpo-de-sonho, autopoiéticos, (ou seja, sujeitos abertos aos riscos, sem garantias quaisquer) dialogam com a perspectiva trágica nietzschiana na apreensão das escolhas existenciais-profissionais do ser e tornar-se professor. Os procedimentos metodológicos provêm das técnicas da História Oral e das pesquisas que interligam as Ciências Sociais e a memória, mais precisamente aquelas produzidas pelo método autobiográfico. Para sua realização foram coletados e interpretados relatos autobiográficos de dois educadores, além de registros memorialísticos do próprio pesquisador, compreendidos no trabalho como narradores, sob a ótica de Walter Benjamim. Desse modo é possível apreender a complexidade de cada itinerário formativo, os impasses da narrativa no mundo contemporâneo, como já indicara Benjamim, e contribuir, na perspectiva de formação nietzscheana, para a crítica do ensino e da formação de educadores na atualidade. / This presentation aims to understand the statements of life without conditioning, the amor fati, as understood by Nietzsche, in the formative processes of educators. Alongside this notion, the concepts of subjects in processuality, body-of-dream, autopoietic subjects (i.e. open to risks, with no guarantees) dialogue with the tragic Nietzschean perspective in the capture of existential-professional choices of being and becoming a teacher. The methodology utilized in this work derives from the techniques of Oral History and from research interlinking social sciences and memory, namely those produced by the autobiographical method. We collected and interpreted autobiographical notes of two educators, as well as the researchers own memoirs, understood in this work as narrators, as defined by Walter Benjamin. That allowed us to grasp the complexity of each formative itinerary, the impasses of narrative in the contemporary world, as pointed out by Benjamin, and also to contribute to the critique of education and training of educators today, from the Nietzschean perspective of formation.

Over 22,000 sherds of pottery were recovered during the excavation of the small islet of Eilean Dòmhnuill in North Uist in the late 1980s. Analysis of the assemblage has demonstrated that all of the main vessel forms and decorative motifs recognised at the site were already in place when settlement began in the earlier 4th millennium BC and continued to be deposited at the site until its abandonment over 800 years later. Statistically significant stylistic variation is limited to slow drifts in the relative proportions of certain rim forms. Across the Outer Hebrides, decorative elaboration and the presence of large numbers of distinctive vessel forms would appear to mark out certain assemblages seemingly associated with communal gathering and feasting events at key locales within which a distinctive Hebridean Neolithic identity was forged. Throughout, this study takes a relational approach to the issue of variation in material culture, viewing all archaeological entities as dynamic assemblages that themselves form attributes of higher-level assemblages. It is argued that the various constraints and affordances that arise within such assemblages constitute significant structuring principles that give rise to commonly held expectations and dispositions, resulting in the kind of constrained temporal and spatial variation that we observe in the archaeological record and which in turn gives rise to the concept of the archaeological culture.

Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / No autorizada por el autor para ser publicada a texto completo / El presente trabajo constituye una aproximación al Derecho Penal a través del prisma del constructivismo operativo que surge a partir de la teoría de sistemas del autor alemán Niklas Luhmann. Nuestro trabajo se desarrolla en tres capítulos: en el primero de ellos se describe la sociedad de nuestros días como sociedad funcionalmente diferenciada; se analizan los sistemas sociales en cuanto sistemas autorreferentes y autopoiéticos y su organización sobre la base del concepto de sentido; además se analiza la indisoluble relación entre la complejidad y la diferenciación funcional, lo cual permite, para finalizar el capítulo y a la luz de la necesidad de reducción de la complejidad, explicar en abstracto la diferenciación de un sistema jurídico y dentro de éste de un (sub)sistema jurídico penal. En el capítulo segundo se analiza el sistema jurídico en cuanto sistema parcial, poniendo especial atención en su característica de sistema autopoiético, lo cual se complementa con el análisis detallado de la función por la cual se diferencia y de su código binario de operatividad, esto es, conforme a derecho/no conforme a derecho. En el capítulo tercero, y a partir del contexto general del sistema jurídico previamente visto, se analiza el Derecho Penal como (sub)sistema: por una parte, la función del (sub)sistema jurídico penal; y, por otra parte, la autopoiesis del (sub)sistema jurídico penal, y dada la premisa de que la generación de estructuras es una operación de los sistemas autopoiéticos, se describe cómo la generación de estructuras constituye una operación particularmente relevante del (sub)sistema jurídico penal, sobre todo en lo referente a que desde el punto de vista del constructivismo operativo la autolegitimación del (sub)sistema jurídico penal está dada, en gran medida, a través de la operación del propio sistema de generación de las llamadas “estructuras de legitimidad”. Además, se destina una sección al constructivismo operativo del (sub)sistema jurídico penal, tomando como principales referentes los temas de la imputación objetiva y de la culpabilidad. En última instancia, el apartado final, se reserva, en primer lugar, para referirnos a las posibilidades de observación y descripción de los sistemas sociales utilizando como referente lo que respecta al sistema jurídico; y en segundo lugar, para esbozar algunas consideraciones sobre las posibilidades de observación del (sub)sistema jurídico penal. En la conclusión se describe como el instrumental del constructivismo operativo sirve como herramienta para abordar el Derecho Penal de nuestros días

One of the key challenges in information and communication technologies for socio-economic development (ICT4D) is that the contribution of ICT to development is difficult to describe and assess. This is particularly true when looking beyond the immediate context of an ICT4D project, to its impact on the larger social system within which the project is introduced. This problem can benefit from a systems approach. Systems thinking is concerned with the performance of the total system, when changes are made to a part of the system. Systems thinking recognises that the performance of a subsystem relative to its own goals does not necessarily lead to increased performance of the larger system. However, in the field of ICT4D, systems approaches are seldom used, and appropriate ways to describe and assess a social system are lacking. The study aims to contribute theoretically as well as empirically to the social systems body of knowledge in ICT4D. A particular social systems approach or framework is developed, based on structuration theory and autopoiesis. The framework is attractive because it provides a way to describe and assess the sustainability and state of development of the total system. The theoretical component of the thesis concerns the development of a social systems framework. This is done in a conceptual study that draws on systems literature and social theory. The empirical component concerns the application of the systems framework in an ICT4D case study. A descriptive, longitudinal case study is performed in a rural settlement in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Data is collected by means of interviews and participant observation during several visits to the settlement. Data analysis is done making use of the concepts in the systems framework. The result of the data analysis is a description of the larger social systems where the ICT4D project is implemented, as systems served, and the ICT4D project, as serving system. By studying the mutual influences between the serving system and systems served, the contribution to socio-economic development of the serving system is assessed. The study’s research contribution is to indicate how a social systems framework can be used to assess an ICT4D project’s contribution to the socio-economic development of the social systems it serves. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Informatics / unrestricted

Crown selected youth diversion has received little academic attention in Canada. As a process that channels offenders out of the formal legal system, diversion purports to achieve contradictory self-serving system and offender-based goals. Using 50 randomly selected prosecution files – half of which the Crown diverted and half of which the Crown prosecuted – a mixed method investigation of diversion assesses cases through quantitative content analysis and grounded theory method. Based on the quantitative analysis, it is argued that there is an emerging patterned nature of Crown selected diversion that is not completely benign. This patterned nature of diversion unearths a distinctive discourse of diversion/non-diversion. Qualitatively, it is argued that the cases are organized around three temporal moments that create an area for distinctions to be made in terms of threat, responsibility, (in)tolerableness and recourse. Seemingly, there is a persistent paradoxical existence of the diversion process that emerges from the case files.

PhD thesis assesses the history of the idea of civil religion and proposes a theoretical interface encompassing all its conceptualisations encountered to date (Rousseau, Bellah, Cristi, Parsons, Luhmann, and Lübbe). Civil religion is understood here as a system of reference points through which society, in the process of self-description, projects into the peripheries its autopoietic realities (of the past, future and eternality) so as to lend stability and import to its existence. By relating to these references, a discourse originates which, being characteristic of the presence of thick and comprehensive meanings, enables the society to communicate about its origins, ends and purpose. In its civil configuration this discourse is pluralist and the involvement of its actors is quite restrained. The model allows for an analysis of the entire serious symbol-based communication of the actors (weighty words, religious symbols, nationalism, conspiracy theories and political correctness) within a single context, as well as of preconditions for such communication. The crisis discourse opened in the USA after 9/11 and aspects of Czech life and institutions are also analysed. In the Czech Republic we identify a minority civil religion discourse, concentrated around semi-secularised references on truth and...

The subject of my diploma thesis, Cyber terrorism - medial threat, is a phenomenon of terrorist attacks in cyberspace, media discourse, within the reality is constructed cyber terrorism in the media and its impact on the securitization of cyber terrorism process. It also deals with the comparison of traditional forms of terrorism with those that have evolved with new communication technologies. The thesis outlines the development of the concept of terrorism from its beginning to the present. The aim of the thesis is to show Cyber terrorism as a latent threat to the information society. For the interdisciplinary approach is used the method of discourse analysis. Creating a social and media reality is analyzed based on the theory of Niklas Luhmann and points to the autopoiesis self-reference systems and reference each other, as a key concept in the construction of reality by the media. Another section is devoted to the reaction of the European Union and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on the "threat" of cyber terrorism. Keywords Terrorism, cyber terrorism, self-reference, autopoiesis, securitization

South Africa as a country faces stark socio-economic development challenges, such as extreme levels of inequality and unemployment, and specifically youth unemployment. To assist with addressing some of these challenges associated with the history of apartheid, the South African government instituted Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE). One of the instruments to implement B-BBEE is Corporate Social Investment (CSI). CSI refers to projects that companies undertake that goes beyond their primary profit motive, to assist and empower disadvantaged individuals and communities. A number of CSI projects in South Africa has an Information and Communications Technology (ICT) focus, where companies spend their CSI budget to contribute to, among other things, ICT skills development. Research has revealed that these types of projects are often short-lived, and at times unsustainable. As a result, communities are not necessarily benefiting from such projects. The objective of this research is to analyse the impact of South African CSI projects with an ICT focus on poor urban communities. The study is further limited in scope to CSI ICT initiatives aimed at supporting disadvantaged youth. The study followed a qualitative research approach. Four case studies were performed in poor urban communities in Soweto, all four of them CSI initiatives that were aimed at providing ICT support to disadvantaged youth. A systems framework was developed using literature as a foundation from which to analyse the cases. The systems framework is primarily based on Checkland’s soft systems methodology, which facilitates an inquiry into the problem situation and context. The Ubuntu philosophy, which emphasises the belief systems in which people and communities reflect their experiences in a day-to-day life, further supports the framework. Lastly, autopoiesis was employed as part of the framework, as it describes the self-production and sustainability of the system of interest. The study sought to gather qualitative data to understand the problem situation and use as a basis for analysis. Through an iterative process, data was collected from interviews, focus groups, documentation, and observations at four learning centres in Soweto. The collected data pertained to the implementation of CSI ICT projects by learning centres between 2002 – 2016. The case studies were analysed by applying the social systems framework, which was based on SSM, Ubuntu philosophy, and autopoiesis concepts. The findings of the study indicate that companies derived some form of benefit for contributing to CSI in poor communities. These benefits included having a local presence, achieving a better B-BBEE rating that enables them to do business with the government, and to retain or attract new business. In addition, the communities and their members benefited from the CSI ICT projects; this demonstrated an essential element of Ubuntu, namely, that collectively everyone could benefit. The CSI ICT projects had a positive impact on the socio-economic situation of the communities. It contributed to the employability of the unemployed youth, as they were trained in ICT skills. The school children used ICT to do their schoolwork and for ICT training. In addition, the learning centres proved to be self-reproducing and selfmaintaining, and therefore sustainable. The contributions of the study include a systems framework and guiding principles that companies, systems thinkers, and ICT4D practitioners could use to assess the sustainability and the impact of similar projects that are geared towards achieving socio-economic development in poor urban communities. Further, the research findings were used to refine the theoretical framework to analyse the impact of CSI ICT projects in poor urban communities in South Africa. / Thesis (PhD (Information Technology))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / Informatics / PhD (Information Technology) / Unrestricted