O Jogo Patológico é um transtorno psiquiátrico em que fatores genéticos e de personalidade contribuem significativamente para seu desenvolvimento. Este estudo comparou características clínicas, de personalidade e polimorfismos de genes envolvidos na atividade dopaminérgica cerebral em pares discordantes de irmãos para o diagnóstico de Jogo Patológico. Na análise discriminante, as dimensões de personalidade extravagância, persistência, segunda natureza, apego e o escore total da Escala de Impulsividade de Barrat foram capazes de classificar corretamente 90,7% dos sujeitos, sugerindo-se a utilização deste modelo para a identificação de indivíduos vulneráveis em famílias com histórico de Jogo Patológico. O polimorfismo -800 T/C do gene DRD1 foi associado ao diagnóstico de Jogo Patológico / Pathological Gambling is a psychiatric disorder in which personality characteristics and genetic factors significantly account for its development. This study compared clinical and personality features, and genes involved in dopaminergic transmission in discordant sib-pairs for the diagnosis of Pathological Gambling. Discriminant analysis revealed that the personality dimensions of extravagance, persistence, second nature, attachment and the total score on the Barrat Impulsiveness Scale were able to correctly classify 90,7% of the subjects, suggesting that this model could be useful in identifying vulnerable subjects in families with prior history of Pathological Gambling. The DRD1 gene polymorphism -800 T/C was associated to the diagnosis of Pathological Gambling

This study comprehensively examined the factors shaping individuals' intentions towardplastic recycling, explicitly focusing on pro-environmental attitudes, subjective norms,perceived behavioral control, and moral norms. A quantitative research approach wasemployed, and data were gathered from 105 respondents through a survey instrument.The results indicated significant pro-environmental attitudes and perceived behavioralcontrol influences on recycling intentions. While subjective norms demonstratedmarginal significance, moral norms did not emerge as significant predictors. Thesefindings underscored the crucial roles of attitudes and perceived behavioral control inmotivating recycling behaviors. From a theoretical standpoint, the study reaffirmed therelevance of the Theory of Planned Behavior in understanding pro-environmentalbehaviors. Practically, the insights obtained offered valuable guidance for designingtargeted interventions to foster recycling behaviors and mitigate plastic pollution. Onecritical area for intervention is enhancing PBC. Making recycling more accessible andconvenient can significantly boost individuals' confidence in their ability to recycle. Thiscan be achieved by improving the availability of recycling facilities, providing clearinformation on how to recycle correctly, and reducing perceived barriers to recycling.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) disproportionately affect African Americans in the South; given that population's high rate of church attendance, churches have been one potential avenue for HIV/AIDS education. Research has shown the importance of HIV/AIDS education in reducing risk behavior and infection, although church-based HIV/AIDS prevention programs for adults have received little scholarly attention, including the impact of such programs on attitudes, behavioral control, and intention to engage in safe sexual practices. Using Ajzens' theory of planned behavior as a foundation, the purpose of this quantitative study was to explore whether there is a statistically significant difference in attitudes, behavior control, and intention to engage in safe practices as a result of participation in a church program. Survey data were collected from a convenience sample of 132 adult participants, 68 of whom participated in a church-based HIV/AIDS prevention program, and a control group of 64 participants from a congregation without a program. Wilcoxon Ranks Tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in regards to social norms and perceived behavioral control. There was no significant difference in the attitudes between the 2 groups. Implications for positive social change include informing policy makers and practitioners of the importance of church-based HIV/AIDS prevention programs as an innovative tool for adults to establish more effective HIV/AIDS prevention programs that will positively impact other ethnic groups at higher risk of acquiring the infection and disease.

Tesis por compendio / Increasing budgets dedicated to sales departments, as well as the need to maintain market shares through relational approaches in addressing the growth of competition in the industrial sectors, has motivated the development of a significant amount of academic literature on Management of human resources in the commercial department. This thesis presents the results of two bibliographic reviews aimed at identifying: (1) the typology of vendor control systems, (2) the direct effects of these systems on results, and (3) the classification of mediators according to Model AMO (Abilities, Motivations, Opportuinities) and its relationship with control systems and performances. For the main review, Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar, and "Management Control and Sale * or Control System * and Sale * or Output Control and Behavior Control " were used as search engines and formula respectively, obtaining 114 articles after the filtering process, to which were subsequently added another 28 references from their own calls. The analysis of publications suggests from an academic point of view that behavioral control systems, activity control systems, and capability control systems, generate the best results, both on the individual performance, the sales unit performance and the sales organization effectiveness,both when analyzing the direct effects, and considering the mediators of the AMO model. This set of empirical evidence determines the need to implement vendor capacitation systems through coaching and training, as a key tool to improve their skills and motivation, but also emphasizes the importance of training sales managers on organizational aspects (sales support, elements of the control system, customer orientation, etc.) and others related to setting objectives (congruence, difficulty, participation, etc.) as opportunities to optimize results. / Los cuantiosos presupuestos dedicados a los departamentos de ventas, así como la necesidad de mantener las cuotas de mercado mediante enfoques relacionales al afrontar el crecimiento de la competencia en los sectores industriales, ha motivado el desarrollo de una cantidad importante de literatura académica sobre la dirección de recursos humanos en el departamento comercial. Esta tesis recoge el resultado de dos revisiones bibliográficas orientadas a identificar: (1) la tipología de sistemas de control de los vendedores, (2) los efectos directos de estos sistemas sobre los resultados, y (3) la clasificación de los mediadores según el modelo AMO (Abilities, Motivations, Opportuinities) y su relación con los sistemas de control y los resultados. Para la revisión principal, se utilizaron como motores de búsqueda y fórmula respectivamente: Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar, y "Management Control and Sale* or Control System* and Sale* or Output Control and Behavior Control", obteniendo 114 artículos tras el proceso de filtrado, a los que posteriormente fueron añadidos otros 28 procedentes de sus propias citas. El análisis de las publicaciones sugiere desde un punto de vista académico, que los sistemas de control del comportamiento, la actividad, el proceso o la capacitación (behavioral control systems, activity control systems, process control systems, capability control systems) generan los mejores resultados tanto sobre el vendedor a nivel individual, como sobre el equipo de ventas y la organización (salesperson behavioral performance, salesperson outcome performance, sales unit performance, sales organization effectiveness), tanto al analizar los efectos directos, como al considerar los mediadores del modelo AMO. Este conjunto de evidencias empíricas determina la necesidad de implantar sistemas de capacitación de los vendedores mediante acciones de coaching y formación, como herramienta clave para mejorar sus habilidades y motivación, pero adicionalmente también se subraya la importancia de capacitar a los jefes y directores de ventas, en relación con aspectos organizativos (apoyo a las ventas, elementos del sistema de control, orientación al cliente, etc.) y otros relativos al establecimiento de objetivos (congruencia, dificultad, participación, etc.), como oportunidades para optimizar los resultados. / Els quantiosos pressupostos dedicats als departaments de vendes, així com la necessitat de mantenir les quotes de mercat mitjançant enfocaments relacionals en afrontar el creixement de la competència en els sectors industrials, ha motivat el desenvolupament d'una quantitat important de literatura acadèmica sobre la direcció de recursos humans en el departament comercial. Aquesta tesi recull el resultat de dues revisions bibliogràfiques orientades a identificar: (1) la tipologia dels sistemes de control dels venedors, (2) els efectes directes d'aquests sistemes sobre els resultats, i (3) la classificació dels mediadors segons el model AMO (Abilities, Motivations, Opportuinities) i la seva relació amb els sistemes de control i els resultats. Per a la revisió principal, es van utilitzar com a motors de cerca i fórmula respectivament: Business Source Premier (EBSCO), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science i Google Scholar, i "Management Control and Sale* or Control System* and Sale* or Output Control and Behavior Control", obtenint 114 articles després del procés de filtrat, als quals posteriorment van ser afegits altres 28 procedents de les seves pròpies cites. L'anàlisi de les publicacions suggereix des d'un punt de vista acadèmic, que els sistemes de control del comportament, l'activitat, el procés o la capacitació (Behavioral Control Systems, Activity Control Systems, Process Control Systems, Capability Control Systems) generen els millors resultats tant sobre el venedor a nivell individual, com sobre l'equip de vendes i l'organització (Salesperson Behavioral Performance, Salesperson Outcome Performance, Sales Unit Performance, Sales Organization Effectiveness), tant en analitzar els efectes directes, com en considerar els mediadors del model AMO . Aquest conjunt d'evidències empíriques determina la necessitat d'implantar sistemes de capacitació dels venedors mitjançant accions de coaching i formació, com a eina clau per millorar les seves habilitats i motivació, però addicionalment també se subratlla la importància de capacitar els caps i directors de vendes, en relació amb aspectes organitzatius (suport a les vendes, elements del sistema de control, orientació al client, etc.) i altres relatius a l'establiment d'objectius (congruència, dificultat, participació, etc.), com a oportunitats per optimitzar els resultats. / Benet Zepf, AT. (2017). Revisión Sistemática de Literatura del Impacto de los Sistemas de Control Directivos sobre el Resultado Individual y Colectivo en la Fuerza de Ventas: Efectos Directos y Mediadores [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/86151 / Compendio

Two groups of eleven retarded adults each were used as subjects. An individually consequated token economy was in effect during baseline-1 for both groups. The treatment phase of the experiment consisted of group consequation, the first group receiving a high rate of reinforcement and the second group receiving a low rate. The individual token system was reinstated for both groups during baseline-2 measures. Attending behavior and work output were measured during each phase of the experiment. Significant differences were found between group versus individually contingent reinforcement treatments on attending behaviors, and between high and low contingency groups on performance behaviors. Differences between the high contingency and low contingency groups were found to be non-significant in regard to attending behaviors.

Bakgrund: I Sverige har stillasittande bland barn blivit ett alltmer utbrett samhällsproblem. Samtidigt visar statistik att föreningsidrottandet minskar i alla åldrar.  Syfte: Den här studien undersöker hur attityd, subjektiv norm samt upplevd beteendekontroll påverkar barns träningsbeteende. Syftet är även att undersöka om det finns skillnader i barns träningsbeteende beroende på om de bor på landet eller i staden samt om det finns skillnader mellan flickor och pojkars träningsfrekvens. Teori: Studien använder sig av Teorin om planerat beteende (Theory of planned behavior) för att undersöka faktorer som påverkar barns träningsbeteende. Metod: Studien har ett stratifierat bekvämlighetsurval som bestod av mellanstadieelever i åldern 9–13 år och bosatta i Skaraborg. Antalet respondenter var 322 (svarsfrekvens 97,9%). Studien har även en komparativ design då den undersökte skillnader i barns träningsbeteende beroende på om de bodde på landsbygden eller i stad. Barnen deltog i en tvärsnittsstudie där de genomförde en gruppenkät under skoltid vårterminen 2023. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar att barn på landsbygden har en högre träningsfrekvens i organiserad fysisk aktivitet, samt att pojkar oftare deltar i träningsaktiviteter än flickor. Resultatet visade även att det fanns ett signifikant samband mellan barns träningsbeteende och föräldranormer samt mellan barns attityd till fysisk aktivitet och deras träningsfrekvens. / Background: In Sweden, sedentary behavior among children has become an increasingly widespread social problem. At the same time, statistics show that association sports are decreasing at all ages. Aim: This study investigates how attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control influence children's exercise behavior. The purpose is also to investigate whether there are differences in children's exercise behavior depending on whether they live in the country or in the city, and whether there are differences between girls' and boys' exercise frequency. Theory: The study uses the Theory of planned behavior to investigate factors that influence children's exercise behavior. Method: The study has a stratified convenience sample that consisted of middle school students age 9–13 years and living in Skaraborg. The number of respondents was 322 (response rate 97.9%). The study also has a comparative design as it investigated the difference in children's exercise behavior depending on whether they lived in the countryside or in the city. The children participated in a cross-sectional study where a group questionnaire was completed during school hours in the spring term of 2023. Results: The results of the study show that children in rural areas have a higher training frequency in organized physical activity, and that boys often participate in training activities than girls. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between children's exercise behavior and parental norms and between children's attitude to physical activity and their exercise frequency.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-47).