The projecting time in the construction industry needs to become more efficient to shorten the amount of time it takes to project a build. One of the North's leading construction company NCC constuction Sweden AB has developed a form of collaboration called ”NCC project studio” that they use in some projects today. My thesis consists in bringing forth the most important aspects of the collaboration form called NCC project studio. The point of this is to use my thesis to help the company develop a quality document that can assist them when starting collaboration based on NCC project studio in the future. The conclusion of my thesis was that much of the focus needs to be on explaining to the participants what NCC is aiming to gain from working with the NCC project studio and also which important parts that needs to be worked on.

Information om byggvaror tillhandahålls bland annat i form av byggvarudeklarationer och säkerhetsdatablad, vars syfte är att ge en bild av de ingående komponenterna och dess miljöpåverkan under hela varans livscykel. Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka de brister som finns i hanteringen av byggmaterialinformation och hur man ska gå tillväga för att förbättra dem. Arbetet har genomförts tillsammans med WSP och deras projekt BIM Green Box, ett projekt med avsikt att skapa en databas som på ett enklare sätt kan åskådliggöra och tillhandahålla information i olika byggvaror. I arbetet har en intervjustudie genomförts med olika aktörer i branschen för att samla in åsikter kring hantering av byggmaterialinformation.   Resultatet från denna studie visar var det brister i informationen om byggmaterial. Bristerna handlar bland annat om otydliga krav från beställare och ofullständig dokumentation från leverantörer. Studien visar dock att det finns en attitydförändring och att utvecklingen går i rätt riktning, där bland annat behovet av att digitalisera byggmaterialinformationen diskuteras och hur det kan utveckla hanteringen av byggmaterialinformationen. Studien påvisar också betydelsen av att ha informationen kopplad till BIM, vilket kan göra att byggmaterialinformationen blir mer lätthanterlig för en byggnad. Studien avslutas med att påvisa de brister som finns med informationshanteringen av byggmaterial samt ge förslag på aspekter att tänka på vid utformningen av en ny databas.

The construction industry depends on functioning logistics; if the logistics isn’tworking the construction site will risk to be interrupted due to material shortages orproblems with deliveries. Despite this, the construction industry is battling logisticproblems daily. This problem is very time consuming and costly for the companies.These theses are written for Peab Bostadsproduktion and investigate if it is possibleto focus on logistics earlier in the building planning process to reduce the problemsthat occur. Peab has partnerships with three companies that could be helpful for themin the work of reducing logistic problems. These three companies are Vico, BEAst andBIMobject.The thesis first section gives a general review of logistics, as well as the conceptsrelated to it. A general review of the above named partners is also given. In the firstsection the meaning of BIM is also explained. The core of the thesis consists of asurvey with craftsman from one of Peabs construction sites. The other main part isinterviews with officials from both the production side and from Peabs headquarters.The survey and the interviews have then been collected and analyzed. Based on theresult that was gathered, suggestions and solutions are presented and discussed.The work shows that many of the logistical problems that occur can be reduced orcompletely prevented by implementing these three in all Peabs own managementbuilds.

During the past years Building Information Modelling (BIM), which is a digital way to work, has begun to spread amongst the parts of the construction process. At the construction phase the larger companies has started using the new way to work. This expansion has not been developed amongst smaller companies leading to the purpose of this report, to investigate in which ways the smaller companies can implement BIM by changing their way to work. The thesis is delimited to work preperations with the objective to define how the work preperations should be structured to enable the implementation of BIM. To achieve the objective of the report, information about the subject has been collected by interviews and literature studies. Among other things the interviews have shown a need of education regarding BIM. By using the computer application Autodesk NavisWorks, application areas have been found within visualization, time management and managing information. Further on the results from interviews and literature studies have been analyzed to identify the areas in which BIM can contribute to a better way of creating the work preperations. The possibility to insert appendices into the template, an elucidation of the BIM-modells application areas and working with multiple operators while creating work preperations have been mentioned.The report has eventually resulted in a suggestion of how the template for work preperations can be structured. Together with the template a document describing in which ways the BIM-modell can be used while working with the template have been made.

In the current context, the standardization of building construction is not limited to a specific country or to a specific building code. Trade globalization has emphasized the need for standardization in the process of exchange of design information, whether it is in the form of drawings or documents. Building Information Modeling is the latest transformational technology that supports interactive development of design information for buildings. No single Building Information Modeling software package is used in the Architecture Engineering Construction and Facilities Management industries, which is strength as new ideas develop, but a hindrance as the new ideas flow at a different pace into the various programs. The standards divergence of various software results in a limited ability to exchange data between and within projects, especially one sees the difficulty in moving data from one program to another. The Document eXchange File format represents an early attempt to standardize the exchange of drawing information by Autodesk. However, the data was limited to geometric data required for the production of plotted drawings. Metadata in a Building Information Model provides a method to add information to the basic geometric configuration provided in a Document eXchange File. Building Information Model programs use data structures to define smart objects that encapsulate building data in a searchable and robust format. Due to the complexity of building designs eXtensible Markup Language schemas of three dimensional models are often large files that can contain considerable amounts of superfluous information. The aim of this research is to exclude all the superfluous information from the design information and determine the absolute minimum information required to execute the construction of a project. A plain concrete beam element was used as the case study for this research. The results show that a minimal information schema can be developed for a simple building element. Further research is required on more complex elements.

The adoption of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on construction projects is not widespread yet, because there is a growing albeit slow uptake. There is no strategically structured BIM adoption guide available on construction projects for ensuring integration and collaboration among the Building Information Modelling- Supply Chain Members (BIMSCM). Scholars adduce the lack of adoption of BIM on construction projects to the use of ineffective BIM implementation strategies. Therefore, this research investigated BIM adoption and the current dominant BIM implementation strategies used in the South African construction industry. It also examined whether BIM implementation strategies and BIM adoption on construction projects impact on the occurrence of integration and collaboration among the BIM-SCM in the South African construction industry. Using modified Implementation Process Theory, the research collected primary data using a mixed-methods research approach that involved the collection of both qualitative and quantitative data from 872 respondents randomly selected from the 1,871 BIM-based construction projects' direct participants who indicated their willingness and availability to participate in the research from the cidb databse of construction professionals in South Africa. The qualitative data collected with respect to barriers to BIM adoption and dominant BIM implementation strategies were analysed using thematic analysis. The quantitative data collected with respect to BIM adoption, barriers to BIM adoption, integration and collaboration, and BIM implementation strategies were analysed using Mean Item Score (MIS), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).The SEM method used was the Maximum Likelihood Estimation. Before modelling process, CFA was used to confirm the validity and reliability of the quantitative data using the Factor Loading, Eigenvalue, correlation coefficient, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value, Bartlett's test results, and Average Variance Explained (AVE). It emerged that the possibility of getting high-value clients, quest for a competitive edge, need for technological sophistication, need to be socially acceptable to the clients, incorporation of BIM adoption into the vision of the organisations, and development of BIM capabilities as new values in their organisations are the dominant BIM implementation strategies used in the South African construction industry. The findings also revealed that the dominant BIM implementation strategies are private driven and are not bringing about an adequate reduction in the BIM adoption barriers. Investigation of the evidence of the application of BIM tools and processes with respect to the adoption of BIM on construction projects showed that fewer building information models were developed for projects, BIM performance assessment was not intensive, emphasis was not placed on the level of objects' clarity of building information models, BIM skills and competencies were insufficient, and BIM management was dis-organised. The parameter estimates from the SEM analysis of the interactions between the BIM implementation stages indicated that the success of the BIM implementation process in South Africa depends on a positive interplay between the interacting implementation stages. The parameter estimates from the SEM analysis of the interaction between the BIM implementation stages also revealed that BIM implementation strategies control the impacts of a reduction in BIM adoption barriers on the extent of BIM adoption. However, the findings revealed that the BIM implementation strategies currently in use did not possess the required forces and intensity to strengthen the positive interplay between the interacting BIM implementation stages. The study concluded that the essential BIM implementation strategies are not in use in South Africa, while the BIM implementation strategies currently in use are not appropriately and effectively employed. However, there is evidence of elementary BIM adoption on projects and low occurrence of integration and collaboration among the BIM-SCM in South Africa. The lack of adequate skills and experience of BIM management and the inadequate understanding of what BIM adoption on projects entails mean that working policies and legislation on BIM adoption are required to drive a successful BIM implementation process. This research provides new insights on the structures and stages of the BIM implementation process and postulations that will aid the comprehension of the interconnections between BIM implementation strategies and BIM adoption on construction projects in South Africa. More importantly, this research has extended the existing theories on BIM adoption and the interactions between the levels of BIM adoption on construction projects and collaboration among the BIM-SCM.

Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit war es, einen BIM-basierten Kommunikationsworkflow mittels BCF für das Protokollwesen und für die Koordination zu gestalten. Es sollte somit herausgefunden werden, wie sich die BCF erfolgreich in den Kommunikationsworkflow eines BIM-Projektes integrieren lässt und welche Auswirkungen diese Integration für die allgemeinen Kommunikationsprozesse, für die Protokollierung von Aufgaben oder Problemen sowie für die koordinativen Angelegenheiten in der gesamten Bauphase hat. Anhand dieser Betrachtungen sollte zudem ein Gestaltungskonzept entwickelt werden, um einen BCF-Workflow für zukünftige Projekte bestmöglich adaptieren zu können.:Abkürzungsverzeichnis Abbildungsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung I Theoretische Rahmung 2 Interaktive Kommunikation zwischen Sender und Empfänger 2.1 Hintergrund eines wirksamen Informationsaustausches 2.2 Kommunikationsprobleme 2.3 Sender-Empfänger-Modell 2.4 Kommunikation in Bauprojekten 3 BIM im Kontext der Kommunikationstheorie 3.1 CDE - Common Data Environment 3.2 Der Kommunikationskreislauf im BIM-Kontext 4 Das BIM Collaboration Format (BCF) 4.1 BCF als modellbasiertes Kommunikationswerkzeug 4.2 Technische Grundlagen 4.3 Beispiel eines BCF-Informationsaustausches 4.4 BCF-Workflow 4.5 Zwischenfazit II Methodische Umsetzung 5 Empirie 5.1 Herleitung der Forschungsfragen 5.2 Methodisches Vorgehen 5.2.1 Begründung des qualitativ methodischen Vorgehens 5.2.2 Qualitative Leitfadeninterviews 5.2.3 Konstruktion des Interviewleitfadens 5.2.4 Auswahl der Interviewpartner 5.2.5 Interviewsituation 5.2.6 Erhebung 5.2.7 Auswertung III Ergebnispräsentation 6 Kommunikationsprozesse in BIM-Projekten 6.1 Auswertung der Forschungsfragen 6.2 Ergebnisvergleich mit der Kommunikationstheorie 7 Prinzipien des BIM Collaboration Format 7.1 Machbarkeit der BCF-Datei 7.1.1 Einsatzmöglichkeiten in den Leistungsphasen 7.1.2 Interne und externe Verwendung 7.1.3 BCF als Hilfsmittel 7.1.4 Voraussetzungen 7.2 Umsetzbarkeit in BIM-Projekten 7.2.1 Gebrauchstauglichkeit 7.2.2 Moderne Kommunikation 7.2.3 Austausch und Umgang 7.2.4 Fehlerhafte Anwendung 7.3 Signifikante Vor- und Nachteile 8 Zusammenfassung, Empfehlung und Ausblick Literaturverzeichnis Anhang

”BIM i staten” är ett initiativ från de fem statliga byggherrarna. Tillsammans har de bestämt sig för att hitta en gemensam strategi som ställer krav på byggnadsinformationsmodeller. Konsultbolaget Tyréns AB har agerat konsultstöd vid framtagandet av denna strategi. Implementering av en BIM-nytta i förvaltning är en undersökning i att effektivisera ärendehantering inom förvaltning. Effektiviseringen görs baserat på bedömningen av dagens förvaltningsprocess och framtidens hypotetiska förvaltningsprocess. Syftet till rapporten är att värdera möjligheten att använda sig av BIM och dess information i förvaltning. Uppdraget från Tyréns är att utföra en fallstudie som mäter ett försök i att implementera en BIM-nytta i dagens förvaltning.  Med detta mäts den förbättring som utgör mellanskillnaden mellan ett ”Är-läge” och ett ”Framtidsläge”. Målet med detta examensarbete är att utreda huruvida en BIM-nytta kan implementeras i dagens förvaltning på Tyréns huvudkontor. Fallstudien delas in i ”Utförande 1” och ”Utförande 2” som förklarar ”är-läge” och ”framtidsläge” som kontrasteras.  Med en lyckad implementerad BIM-nytta finns det goda möjligheter att utveckla och implementera framtida BIM-nyttor. Resultatet visar att en implementering av en BIM-nytta effektiviserar ett ärende i både tid och kostnad.  Detta har främst lett till minskad administrationstid för fastighetsförvaltaren. Besparingarna är till största del arbetskostnader kopplade till administrationstid.  I ett ”framtidsläge” utgör resursbesparingarna 45 % i tid och kostnad i jämförelse mot ett ”är-läge”. / “BIM i staten” is an initiative from five public real estate owners. They have together decided to find a common model that puts demands on building information models. Tyréns AB has a consultant role in putting the strategies together for the project.  Implementation of a BIM-benefit in facility management is a study about the efficiency of an errand in facility management. The efficiency is based on today’s facility management process and the future hypothetical facility management process. The purpose of the report is to assess the potential use of building information models (BIM) information in facility management. The assignment from Tyréns is to conduct a case study to measure an attempt to implement a BIM-benefit in today's facility management. This is achieved by measuring the improvement which comprises the difference between a “current mode” and a “future mode”. The aim in this thesis is to investigate whether a BIM-benefit can be implemented in today´s facility management on Tyréns headquarters. With a successful implemented BIM-benefit, there are good possibilities to develop and implement future BIM-benefits. The results show that an implementation of a BIM-benefit is more efficient to time and costs. This has led to a 45 % reduced administration-time and costs for the property manager. The savings are mainly labour costs related to the administration-time.

Målet med examensarbetet är att svara på frågan: "Är det resurssparande att öka detaljeringsgraden i BIM-modellen genom virtuellt uppreglade gipsväggar?" Rapporten behandlar en BIM-laboration som genomförts i samarbete med NCC i projektet Signalfabriken i Sundbyberg. Med programmet Lindab Revit Tools (LRT) reglades gipsväggar upp virtuellt och adderades till projektets byggnadsinformationsmodell (BIM). Materialet kvalitetssäkrades vid samgranskningsmöten och användes för att generera A3-handlingar för test i produktion. Testet och handlingen diskuterades med representanter från olika delar av byggprocessen och en reviderad handling utvecklades samt godkändes. Laborationen upprepades med syftet att effektivisera processen och erfarenheterna från detta ledde till att frågeställningen fick följande svar: Ja, om endast komplicerade områden modelleras. Ja, för hela modellen om programvaran utvecklas.Nej, om LRT används för att virtuellt regla upp alla gipsväggar i projektet. Förutom dessa svar innehåller rapporten ett förslag på A3-handling som optimerats för användning i produktion. En lista på rekommenderade förändringar i programvaran. En beskrivning av hela processen för ett område där resursåtgången angetts i tid. Denna rapport riktar sig till läsare med byggingenjörsexamen eller motsvarande kunskapsnivå. / This report aims to answer the question: "Can an increased level of detail in the Building Information Model by virtually constructed framing for drywalls save resources?" The report concerns a BIM laboration conducted in collaboration with NCC in the project Signalfabriken in Sundbyberg. Lindab Revit Tools (LRT) was used to virtually construct framing for drywalls that was added to the building information model of the project. The virtual material was subject to clash detection analysis and then used to generate A3-sheets for use in the production line. The result of this test and the quality of the sheet was discussed by representatives from different parts of the construction process. A revised sheet was formed from this discussion and then approved by NCC. The process was repeated to find the most efficient process and the experiences from this led to these answers for the original question: Yes, when only complex areas are modeledYes, if all areas are modeled and LRT is improvedNo, if LRT is used to virtually construct all dry walls in the project Besides these answers the report includes: a suggestion for a sheet optimized for use in the production line, a list of improvements for LRT and a description of the process in full for a curtain area together with the details of how much time resources were spent. This report is directed towards construction engineers and readers with equivalent level of knowledge.

Denna rapport syftar till att bistå projekterings- och produktionspersonal med effektiviserande verktyg och metoder för att med BIM som bas öka och förenkla informationsutbytet. NCC använder idag BIM-metoder för projektering av projekt, däremot nyttjas inte BIM-metodernas fulla potential för samarbetet mellan disciplinerna i projekten.   För att undersöka behovet inom produktionen hölls intervjuer med personal från ett brett spektrum av åldrar och befattningar. Intervjuerna låg sedan till grund för kriterier till utvärdering av BIM-verktyg. Intervjuerna hölls även med personal med befattningar som projekteringsledare, modellsamordnare och konstruktör, för att med deras kunskaper utvärdera BIM-verktyg.   För att på ett verklighetsförankrat vis utvärdera digitala verktyg i form av BIM-verktyg modellerades ett hus i Tekla Structures 21.1 och Revit 2015. Även A- och K-modellerna för NCCs projekt Trollhättan 33, T33 fanns att tillgå för tester.   Från utvärderingarna utkristalliserades två program som författarna anser vara bäst i respektive stadium av byggprocessen i det studerade projektet, T33. Solibri Model Checker, SMC anses som bäst lämpat verktyg i projekteringsskedet och Trimble Connect anses bäst under produktionsskedet. Solibri Model Checker har bäst möjligheter för validering och kvalitetskontroller och Trimble Connect är ett verktyg där modeller och handlingar kan lagras för enkel kommunikation och samarbete i projektgrupper. Verktyget har även möjlighet att visuellt presentera modeller och handlingar på en dator, surfplatta eller mobiltelefon. De BIM-verktyg som utvärderades var: Solibri Model Checker v9.6 Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2016 Autodesk BIM 360 Glue Trimble Tekla BIMsight Trimble Connect / The purpose of this report is to enable project management and construction personnel to use BIM tools and methods more efficiently. Although NCC is currently using some functionality of such digital tools, NCC is not using the full tool suite to better manage their projects, specifically to leverage the cross discipline collaboration capabilities.   In order to gather a comprehensive view of construction personnel requirements, interviews were conducted across a varied and wide range of age, seniority, and job position. These interviews formed the basis for the evaluation criteria of the BIM tools. Additional interviews were held with other staff, including project leads, model coordinators and construction engineers to ensure their knowledge was incorporated into the evaluation.   To compliment the interviews, and further evaluate the digital tools for cross collaboration capabilities a house was modeled in Tekla Structures and Revit. Also the architectural and construction models of NCC project Trollhättan 33, T33, was available for testing.   Two programs emerged as ‘best in class’ post the assessment, differentiated primarily by which phase of the construction lifecycle they were used for. Solibri Model Checker, SMC was considered most suitable tool in the project management phase and Trimble Connect considered best during the construction phase. SMC is suited for validation and quality control and Trimble Connect is a tool, in which models and documents can be stored for easy collaboration in project teams as well as visualizing models, which are easily shared via computer, tablet or mobile phone. The following BIM tools were tested: Solibri Model Checker v9.6 Navisworks Manage 2016 Autodesk BIM 360 Glue Trimble Tekla BIMsight Trimble Connect