Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho realizou-se estudos em escala laboratorial de soluÃÃes sÃlidas, procedentes dos precursores Fe2O3, BaCO3 e SrCO3, atravÃs do processo de moagem mecÃnica de alta energia, foram produzidos com sucesso pÃs nanocristalinos de BaxSr1-xFe12O19 (onde 0 x 1)os quais atravÃs de estudos de suas propriedades estruturais, morfolÃgicas e elÃtricas foram caracterizados. As propriedades das hexaferritas do tipo M de bÃrio ou de estrÃncio sÃo de grande interesse nas aplicaÃÃes de magnetos permanentes, meios de registros magnÃticos, dispositivos de microondas, absorvedores e sensores. Essas soluÃÃes sÃlidas substitucionais, depois de moÃdas receberam procedimento cerÃmico tradicional (procedimento do estado sÃlido). A estrutura cristalina das amostras foram identificadas por difraÃÃo de raios-X (hexagonal) pertencem ao grupo espacial P63/mmc. Os dados de difraÃÃo de raios-X foram refinados pelo mÃtodo Reitveld. Fez-se uso da espectroscopia MÃssbauer para realizar a sondagem do ferro presente na estrutura cristalina, constatando-se o estado de oxidaÃÃo do ferro (Fe3+) presente nos materiais analisados e a geometria do sÃtio cristalino no qual està presente. A morfologia e o tamanho mÃdio dos espÃcimes, na forma de pastilhas, foram analisados por Microscopia EletrÃnica de Varredura [216 â 339 nm], assistida por Energia Dispersiva de Raios-X, para analise quÃmica elementar. Foi realizado o estudo da constante dielÃtrica (Kâ), do fator de perda dielÃtrica (tg ) e a propriedade de condutividade elÃtrica () As propriedades dielÃtricas e elÃtrica foram analisadas em funÃÃo da freqÃÃncia, a temperatura ambiente, numa faixa compreendida entre 100 Hz e 40 MHz. Nos resultados das propriedades dielÃtricas, constatou-se que a amostra BFO100 apresenta a maior constante dielÃtrica (Kâ = 394,79) e a maior condutividade elÃtrica ( = 1,98 . 10-5 -1.m-1), porÃm, a menor perda dielÃtrica verificou-se nas amostras BFO75 e BFO90 (em ambas 0,81). Em virtude da constante dielÃtrica observada o espÃcime BFO100 apresenta o melhor perfil para aplicaÃÃes de RF (radio freqÃÃncia). / In this work he took place studies in laboratorial scale of solid solutions, coming from the precursors Fe 2 O 3 , BaCO 3 and SrCO 3 , through the process of mechanical high-energy ball milling, were produced with success powders nanocrystalline o f Ba x Sr 1-x Fe 12 O 19 (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 1)os which were characterized through studies of their properties structural, morphologic and electric. The properties of the hexaferritas of the type barium M or of strontium they are of great interest in the applications of permanent magnetos, means of magnetic registrations, devices of microwaves, absorbers and sensor. Those solid substitucionais solutions, after prepared milled received traditional ceramic procedure (procedure of the solid state). The crystalline structure of the specimens was identified by diffraction of ray-X (hexagonal) they belong to the space group P63/mmc. The diffraction data of ray-X were refined for the method Reitveld. Use of the spectroscopy was made MÃssbauer to accomplish the survey of the present iron in the crystalline structure, being verified the state of oxidation of the iron (Fe3+) present in the analyzed materials and the geometry of the crystalline ranch in which it present. The morphology and the medium size of the specimens, in the form of tablets, they were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) [216-339 nm], attended by Energy Dispersive Ray-X (EDX), for it analyzes elementary chemistry. The study of the dielectric constant was accomplished (K'), of the factor of loss dielectric (tg δ) and the property of electric conductivity ( σ). The properties dielectrics and electric they were analyzed in function of the frequency, to room temperature, in a strip understood between 100 Hz and 40 MHz. In the re sults of the properties dielectrics, it was verified that the sample BFO100 shows the largest result of the dielectric constant (K ' = 394,79) and the largest electric conductivity (σ = 1,98. 10 -5 Ω -1 .m -1 ), however, to smallest loss dielectric it was verified in the samples BFO75 and BFO90 (in both 0,81). In virtue of the constant dielectric observed, the specimen BFO100 shows the best profile for applications of RF (I radiate frequency).

EU Sustainable Development Strategy planned to achieve improvement of life-quality by promoting sustainable production and consumption of raw materials. On November 2018, EU Commission presented a long-term strategy, aiming among others a climate-neutral economy by 2050. Cement production is contributing to 6-10% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Thus, several strategies for total or partial replacement of Portland cement in concrete production have been developed. The use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) and alkali-activated materials (AAM) is considered the most efficient countermeasure to diminish CO2 emissions. The broadening of knowledge with particular attention to the sustainable goals is the primary requirement to be fulfilled when novel materials are investigated. This study aims to develop a novel clay-based binder that can be used as a sustainable alternative to produce SCM as well as AAM. Clay is a commonly occurring material, with large deposits worldwide. However, natural clay has a low reactivity and various compositions, depending, e.g. on the weathering conditions. The present research aims exactly at enhancing the reactivity of natural clays occurring in Sweden subjecting them to mechanical activation in a planetary ball mill. Ball milling (BM) is considered a clean technology able to enhance the reactivity of crystalline materials without resorting to high processing temperatures or additional chemicals. BM was able to induce amorphization in clay minerals and to transform the layered platy morphology to spherical shape particles. The efficiency of the process was strictly related to the used process parameters. Higher ball to processed powder (B/P) ratio, longer time of grinding and higher grinding speeds increased the degree of the obtained amorphization. However, an undesired extensive caking and agglomeration occurred in certain setups. The potential of activated clay as a SCM was investigated in specific case studies. The measured compressive strength results showed a direct correlation between the enhanced amorphization degree of the mechanically activated clay and the increased strength values. The pozzolanic activity was induced and enhanced after the mechanical activation of the clay. The reactivity was assessed by the strength activity index (SAI). Furthermore, preliminary tests have shown that the alkali activation of the processed clays produced solidified matrixes with considerable strength.

No description available.

In this project, solid sulphur based Li3PS4 electrolytes doped with Li4SiO4 were synthesised using two methods. In method A, a bought β-Li3PS4 electrolyte from Nei Corp was doped with 5 mole per cent Li4SiO4, resulting in a glass-ceramic electrolyte. In method B, the electrolyte was synthesised using 5Li4SiO4-95(75Li2S-25P2S5), resulting in a glassy material. In addition, a reference was synthesised using 75Li2S-25P2S5. Ball milling was the method of choice to dope the glass ceramic electrolyte and synthesise the glassy electrolyte. The dopant Li4SiO4 was synthesised using the chemicals SiO2 and Li2CO3. All samples were analysed using Raman, XPS, XRD, and EIS. In the end, it was found that doping the bought β-Li3PS4electrolyte with Li4SiO4 increased the ionic conductivity. While introducing Li4SiO4 to the glassy electrolyte lowered the ionic conductivity. The increase in ionic conductivity in the glass ceramic electrolyte was partly attributed to the increase in amorphous content, which happened when it was ball-milled and suppressed P-S-P bonds. The decrease in ionic conductivity that happened when doping the glassy material, is most likely caused by residual Li2S that seems unable to react due to the dopant.

No description available.

No description available.

Chrysin is a flavonoid that can be used as a medication for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to its anti-inflammatory activities. However, no studies have investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled formulation of chrysin on its own or in combination with corticosteroids. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the aerosol performance of chrysin formulations as well as the performance of combined formulations of chrysin and budesonide. Dry powder inhaler formulations were used first, where chrysin was processed using three different techniques, namely ball-milling, sonocrystallisation, and spray drying, to obtain a suitable particle size for inhalation. The highest fine particle fraction was 27% when the sonocrystallised samples were used. As the lung deposition was relatively low, budesonide was not added to the formulations. Next, liquid formulations of chrysin and budesonide were prepared in two concentrations using limonene and oleic acid as the oil phase. In a comparison of low and high drug concentrations of the formulations, the FPF of the formulations prepared with limonene ranged from 45% to 53.3% and from 49.3% to 53.9% for chrysin and budesonide, respectively; by contrast, the FPF of the formulations prepared with oleic acid oil ranged from 41% to 50.4% and from 46% to 53.3% for chrysin and budesonide, respectively. A genotoxicity study confirmed the safety of these combined formulations, and an anti-inflammatory study confirmed the potential for chrysin to be used with budesonide in a combined formulation; thus, chrysin’s anti-inflammatory efficacy can be improved and the required inhaled dose can be reduced.

The research work in this thesis has been devoted to understand the formation mechanism of single-crystalline and textured polycrystalline nanoparticles and nanoflakes of SmCo5 and Nd2Fe14B prepared by surfactant-assisted (SA) ball milling and to study their microstructural and magnetic properties. The nanoparticles and nanoflakes are promising candidates to be used as hard magnetic phase for the fabrication of high-energy-density exchange-coupled nanocomposite magnets. The influence of a range of different surfactants, solvents and milling parameters on the characteristics of ball-milled powder has been systematically investigated. Small fraction (~10 wt.%) of SmCo5 nanoparticles of average diameter 15 nm along with textured polycrystalline nanoflakes of average diameter 1 µm and average thickness of 100 nm were obtained after SA – ball milling of SmCo5 powder. Isolated single-crystalline particles (200-500 nm) and textured polycrystalline flakes (0.2-1.0 µm) of Nd2Fe14B have been prepared in bulk amount (tens of grams), after SA – ball milling of dynamic-hydrogen-disproportionation-desorption-recombination (d-HDDR) processed Nd2Fe14B powder. These single-crystalline Nd2Fe14B particles are promising for their microstructure for the fabrication of exchange-coupled nanocomposite permanent magnets. The SmCo5 and Nd2Fe14B flakes and particles were well aligned in magnetic field: the former showed [001] out-of-plane orientation while the latter showed [001] in-plane orientation. A maximum degree of texture values of 93 % and 88 % have been obtained for the magnetically-oriented SmCo5 flakes and Nd2Fe14B single-crystalline particles, respectively. SA – ball milling resulted in an increase of coercivity of SmCo5 particles from 0.45 T for un-milled powder to a maximum value of 2.3 T after 1 h of milling, further milling resulted in a decrease of the coercivity. The coercivity of SA – ball-milled Nd2Fe14B particles decreased drastically from 1.4 T for un-milled d-HDDR powder to 0.44 T after 0.5 h of milling, isolated single-crystalline particles (200-500 nm size) obtained after 4 h of SA – ball milling showed a coercivity of 0.34 T. The drastic decrease in coercivity of ball-milled Nd2Fe14B particles is attributed to the morphological change because the demagnetization in Nd2Fe14B magnets is governed by nucleation mechanism. A remarkable enhancement in coercivity from 0.26 T to 0.70 T for ethanol-milled sample and from 0.51 T to 0.71 T for oleic-acid-milled samples has been obtained after an optimum heat-treatment at 400 0C. An increase of α-Fe and Nd2O3 phase contents and a sharp change of lattice parameter c of Nd2Fe14B was observed when heat-treating above 400 0C. The change in lattice parameter at higher temperature is thought to be due to partial substitution of carbon atoms present in the surfactant or solvent, for boron atoms. / Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den Mechanismus der Herstellung von einkristallinen und texturierten polykristallinen Nanopartikeln und Nanoflakes aus SmCo5 und Nd2Fe14B durch Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen zu verstehen. Des Weiteren soll deren Gefüge und magnetische Eigenschaften untersucht werden. Die Nanopartikel sind vielversprechende Kandidaten zur Verwendung als hartmagnetische Phase in hochentwickelten, austauschgekoppelten Nanokomposit-Magneten. Der Einfluß der Art der verwendeten Tensid, Lösungsmittel sowie Mahlparameter auf die Eigenschaften der kugelgemahlenen Pulver wurde systematisch untersucht. Ein kleiner Anteil (~10 m.%) von SmCo5 Nanopartikeln mit mittlerem Durchmesser von 15 nm zusammen mit texturierten polykristallinen Plättchen mit mittlerem Durchmesser von 1 µm und mittlerer Dicke von 100 nm wurden nach Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen erzeugt. Alleinstehende einkristalline Partikel (200-500 nm) und texturierte polykristalline Plättchen (0,2-1,0 µm) aus Nd2Fe14B wurden in größeren Mengen (einige 10 g) hergestellt. Das verwendete Ausgangspulver wurde hierbei durch dynamisches-Hydrierung-Disproportionierung-Desorption-Rekombination (d-HDDR) hergestellt und anschließend Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen. Die genannten einkristallinen Nd2Fe14B Partikel sind ebenfalls vielversprechend als hartmagnetischer Bestandteil von austauschgekoppelten Nanokomposit-Magneten. Die SmCo5- und Nd2Fe14B-Plättchen und -Partikel wurden alle in einem Magnetfeld ausgerichtet: erstere zeigten aus der Ebende herauszeigende und letztere in der Ebene liegende [001]-Orientierung. Ein maximaler Texturgrad von 93% wurde für im Magnetfeld ausgerichtete SmCo5 flakes bzw. 88% für einkristalline Nd2Fe14B Partikel erzielt. Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen führte zu einem Anstieg der Koerzitivfeldstärke von SmCo5 Partikeln von 0,45 T für ungemahlenes Pulver auf 2,3 T nach einer Mahldauer von 1 h. Weiteres Mahlen führte zu einem Abfall der Koerzitivfeldstärke. Die Koerzitivfeldstärke von Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen Nd2Fe14B Partikeln verringerte sich stark von 1,4 T von ungemahlenem d-HDDR Pulver auf 0,44 T nach 0,5 h Mahlen. Freistehende einkristalline Partikel (200-500 nm groß), welche nach 4 h Tensid-gestütztes Kugelmahlen erhalten wurden, zeigten eine Koerzitivfeldstärke von 0,34 T. Der starke Abfall der Koerzitivfeldstärke von gemahlenen Nd2Fe14B Partikeln wird die morphologischen Veränderungen zurückgeführt, da die Ummagnetisierung nukleationsgesteuert ist. Ein bemerkenswerter Anstieg der Koerzitivfeldstärke von 0,26 T auf 0,70 T wurde für eine in Ethanol gemahlene Probe verzeichnet, sowie ein Anstieg von 0,51 auf 0,71 T für eine Probe, welche mit einer Zugabe von Oleinsäure gemahlen wurde. Beide Proben wurden einer optimierten Wärmebehandlung bei 400°C unterzogen. Bei höheren Temperaturen wurde für Nd2Fe14B ein Anstieg der Menge an α-Fe und Nd2O3 gefunden und eine sprungartige Veränderung des Gitterparameters c der Nd2Fe14B Phase. Die Veränderung des Gitterparameters wird auf die partielle Substitution von Kohlenstoffatomen des Tensid oder Lösungsmittels gegen Boratome zurückgeführt.

La première partie des travaux réalisés a été dédiée à l' élaboration de composés LaFe13-xSix (1,3 ¡U x ¡U 2,2) par broyage à haute énergie. Il a fallu déterminer les conditions de synthèse et de recuit optimales pour l'obtention d'échantillons monophasés. Leur homogénéité a été analysée par diffraction des rayons X et microsonde électronique. Les résultats ont montré qu'une microstructure plus fine favorise la formation de la phase désirée : un recuit de 30 min (au lieu de 30 jours pour les massifs) à 1373K suffit à l'obtention d'un composé quasi-monophasé. D'après les mesures magnétiques effectuées, les composés synthétisés par broyage mécanique ont des proprié¦tés magnétiques et magnétocaloriques similaires aux massifs. Ils présentent une transition métamagnétique des électrons itinérants induite par le champ ou la température. Leur température de Curie augmente avec le Si, variant de 200K à 235K pour x = 1,4 à 2,0 alors que leur variation d'entropie magnétique diminue de 20 J/kg K à 4 J/kg K sous une variation de champ de 0-2 T. La deuxième partie de l'étude a consisté à améliorer les propriétés magnétocaloriques des intermétalliques par l'insertion d'atomes interstitiels (H, C). Les mesures magnétiques ont montré une nette augmentation de la température de transition (jusqu'à Tamb.) par effet magnétovolumique tout en conservant un effet magnétocalorique important. Les analyses par diffraction des neutrons en température effectuées sur les composés deutérés ont permis de suivre l'évolution des données cristallographiques et des moments magnétiques par Fe. Il ressort de cette étude que ces composés présentent un grand intérêt dans la recherche de futurs matériaux magnétocaloriques pour la réfrigération magnétique à température ambiante. Dans le cadre de l'exploration de nouveaux systèmes, les propriétés magnétocaloriques des composés Y1-xRxFe2D4,2 (R = Er, Tb) ont également été étudiés en couplant les études magnétiques avec des mesures de diffraction des neutrons / The first part of this work was devoted to the elaboration of the LaFe13-xSix (1.3 ¡Ü x ¡Ü 2.2) alloys by high energy ball-milling. The synthesis and annealing conditions were defined in order to obtain single phase samples. Their homogeneity was checked by X ray diffraction and electron microprobe analysis. The results show that a finer microstructure is convenient for the formation of the NaZn13 phase and that only a 30 minutes heat treatment at 1373K is sufficient to obtain almost single phase LaFe13-xSix compounds. This means that this way of synthesis is cost-effective, and interesting for industrial production. According to the magnetic measurements, the annealed ball-milled compounds show similar magnetic and magnetocaloric properties than the bulk ones. They exhibit an itinerant electron metamagnetic transition induced by a magnetic field or a temperature change. Their Curie temperatures increase with the Si content from 200K to 235K wh en x = 1.4 and 2.0 respectively, while their magnetic entropy variation decreases from 20 J/kg K to 4 J/kg K under a magnetic field change of 0-2 T. The second part of this study consisted to improve the magnetocaloric properties of the intermetallic compounds by the insertion of light elements (H and C). According to the literature, the magnetic measurements show a clear increase of the transition temperature until room temperature in both cases. Moreover, the giant magnetocaloric effect is maintained. The evolutions of the crystallographic data and the magnetic moment by Fe atom were analyzed by neutron powder diffraction in temperature. This work brings out how interesting are those compounds for their application in room temperature magnetic refrigeration devices. In the framework of new magnetocaloric systems investigation, the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the Y1-xRxFe2D4,2 (R = Er, Tb) compounds were studied. Neutron powder diffraction measurements were pe rformed in complement to magnetic measurements

La réduction de la taille des particules jusqu’à l’obtention de nanocristaux est l’une des approches utilisées afin d’améliorer la pénétration cutanée des médicaments à usage topique. Nous proposons que la fabrication d’une formulation semi solide (hydrogel) à base de nanosuspension de docosanol, aboutira à une diffusion du principe actif supérieure à celle du produit commercial Abreva®, à travers des membranes synthétiques de polycarbonates. Le broyage humide est la technique proposée pour la production des nanoparticules de docosanol. Nous proposons aussi la préparation d’une formulation semi-solide (hydrogel) à usage topique à partir de la nanosuspension de docosanol. La nanosuspension de docosanol est obtenue par dispersion du docosanol en solution aqueuse en présence du polymère stabilisant hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) et du surfactant laurylsulfate de sodium (SDS) suivi d’un broyage humide à faible ou à haute énergie. L’hydrogel de docosanol nanoformulé est préparé à l’aide de la nanosuspension de docosanol qui subit une gélification par le carbopol Ultrez 21 sous agitation mécanique suivie d’une neutralisation au triéthanolamine TEA. La taille des particules de la nanosuspension et de l’hydrogel a été déterminée par diffusion dynamique de la lumière (DLS). Une méthode analytique de chromatographie liquide à haute performance (HPLC) munie d’un détecteur évaporatif (ELSD) a été développée et validée pour évaluer la teneur de docosanol dans les préparations liquides, dans les différentes nanosuspensions et dans les hydrogels de docosanol. L’état de cristallinité des nanocristaux dans la nanosuspension et dans l’hydrogel a été étudié par calorimétrie différentielle à balayage. La morphologie de la nanosuspension et de l’hydrogel de docosanol a été examinée par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB). Les propriétés rhéologiques et de stabilité physique à différentes températures ont été aussi étudiées pour la formulation semi-solide (hydrogel). De même, la libération in vitro du docosanol contenu dans l’hydrogel et dans le produit commercial Abreva® a été étudiée à travers deux membranes de polycarbonates de taille de pores 400 et 800 nm. Dans le cas de nanosuspensions, des cristaux de docosanol de taille nanométrique ont été produits avec succès par broyage humide. Les nanoparticules de tailles variant de 197 nm à 312 nm ont été produites pour des pourcentages différents en docosanol, en polymère HPC et en surfactant SDS. Après lyophilisation, une augmentation de la taille dépendant de la composition de la formulation a été observée tout en restant dans la gamme nanométrique pour la totalité presque des formulations étudiées. Dans le cas des hydrogels examinés, la taille moyenne des particules de docosanol est maintenue dans la gamme nanométrique avant et après lyophilisation. L’analyse thermique des mélanges physiques, des nanosuspensions et des hydrogels de docosanol a révélé la conservation de l’état de cristallinité des nanocristaux de docosanol après broyage et aussi après gélification. L’examen par microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB) a montré que la nanosuspension et l’hydrogel ont tous deux une morphologie régulière et les nanoparticules ont une forme sphérique. De plus les nanoparticules de la nanosuspension ont presque la même taille inférieure à 300 nm en accord avec le résultat obtenu par diffusion dynamique de la lumière (DLS). Les nanoparticules de l’hydrogel ont une légère augmentation de taille par rapport à celle de la nanosuspension, ce qui est en accord avec les mesures de DLS. D’après les mesures rhéologiques, l’hydrogel de docosanol a un comportement pseudoplastique et un faible degré de thixotropie. L’étude de stabilité physique a montré que les formulations d’hydrogel sont stables à basse température (5°C) et à température ambiante (21°C) pendant une période d’incubation de 13 semaines et instable au-delà de 30°C après deux semaines. La méthode HPLC-ELSD a révélé des teneurs en docosanol comprises entre 90% et 110% dans le cas des nanosuspensions et aux alentours de 100% dans le cas de l’hydrogel. L’essai de diffusion in vitro a montré qu’il y a diffusion de docosanol de l’hydrogel à travers les membranes de polycarbonates, qui est plus marquée pour celle de pore 800 nm, tandis que celui du produit commercial Abreva® ne diffuse pas. Le broyage humide est une technique bien adaptée pour la préparation des nanosuspensions docosanol. Ces nanosuspensions peuvent être utilisée comme base pour la préparation de l’hydrogel de docosanol nanoformulé. / Reducing the particle size to nanocrystals is one of the approaches used to improve the percutaneous penetration of topical dosage form. We propose that the preparation of a semi solid formulation of docosanol, can lead to higher diffusion of docosanol than in commercial product Abreva® through polycarbonate membranes. Wet ball milling is the proposed technique for docosanol nanoparticles preparation. We propose also the preparation of topical semi-solid formulation from docosanol nanosuspension. Docosanol nanosuspension is obtained from docosanol dispersion in aqueous solution in presence of the stabilizer polymer hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) and the surfactant sodium laurylsulfate (SDS) followed by wet ball milling at low or high energy. Nanoformulated hydrogel of docosanol is prepared from docosanol nanosuspension which is gellified by carbopol Ultrez 21 under vigorous stirring followed by neutralization with triethanolamine TEA. Nanosuspension and hydrogel particle size was characterized by dynamic light scattering. An analytical method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an evaporative detector (ELSD) has been developed and validated for docosanol content quantification in liquid preparation, in different nanosuspensions and in docosanol hydrogels. The crystalline state of nanosuspension and hydrogel nanocrystals was studied by scanning differential calorimetry (DSC). The morphology of nanosuspension and hydrogel was evaluated by Scanning electronic microscopy SEM. Rheological properties and physical stability at different temperatures were studied for semi-solid formulation. In vitro docosanol release from hydrogel and from the commercial product Abreva® was studied through two polycarbonate membranes of pore size 400 and 800 nm. In nanosuspensions, nanosized crystals of docosanol have been successfully produced by wet ball milling. Nanoparticles of size ranged from 197 nm to 312 nm could be obtained by percentage variation of docosanol, of polymer HPC and surfactant SDS. After freeze drying, an increase in size relative to formulation composition was observed but the size particle is in nanometric range for almost all studied formulations. In case of prepared hydrogels, mean particle size of docosanol is maintained in nanometric range before and after freeze drying. Thermal analysis of physical mixtures, docosanol nanosuspensions and hydrogels showed that crystalline structure of docosanol nanocrystals was conserved after milling and after hydrogel preparation. The SEM exam showed that the nanosuspension and hydrogel has similar regular crystal morphology and nanoparticles shape is spherical. Nanosuspension particles have almost the same particle size, less than 300 nm in agreement with DLS result. Hydrogel size particle showed a slight increase comparing to nanosuspension’s one which is in agreement with DLS result. Up to rheological measurement, docosanol hydrogel has a pseudoplastic behavior and small thixotropic degree. Physical stability study showed that the hydrogel is stable at 5 °C and 21°C during 13 weeks and instable above 30°C after two weeks. HPLC-ELSD determined that docosanol content is in the acceptance limit range [90% to 110%] for docosanol nanosuspension and close to 100% in docosanol hydrogel. In vitro diffusion test revealed that docosanol nanoparticles were diffused from hydrogel through polycarbonates membranes that was greater for the 800 nm pore membrane, while the commercial product Abreva® does not diffuse through any of the membranes (400 nm and 800 nm). Wet ball milling is a great technique for docosanol nanosuspension preparation. Nanosuspensions can be used as base for the preparation of semi-solid nanoformulation of docosanol.