O presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o fenômeno da adesão nas igrejas neopentecostais a partir da psicologia social, mais especificamente, da teoria das representações sociais. Desta maneira, nós procuramos identificar os elementos constitutivos das práticas religiosas decorrentes de um determinado grupo religioso neopentecostal correlacionando-os àss representações sociais. Destarte, este trabalho identificou e analisou o processo de utilização do senso comum religioso pela comunidade neopentecostal Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus, como instrumento gerador de adesão, considerando-se os fatores emocionais pertinentes ao senso comum do grupo como força motivadora de adesão à igreja referida. Deste modo, chegamos a quatro temas básicos que nos possibilitaram identificar as representações sociais construídas na interatividade da igreja. Os temas foram: oferta de milagres e feitos extraordinários; a singularidade da Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus; a batalha entre o bem e o mal; o líder espiritual e sua relação com os adeptos de sua comunidade. As representações sociais identificadas foram: representação social da igreja como lugar de bênçãos e feitos extraordinários; representação social dos demônios; representação social do divino; representação social do ungido de Deus. Tendo em vista as representações identificadas e analisadas, o que se conclui é que, na igreja pesquisada, o senso comum - enquanto significações circulantes entre os membros desta igreja - aliado a fatores emocionais que lhe são pertinentes, se constitui como fator causativo de adesão, na medida em que os sujeitos percebem que as soluções para suas demandas e males são ofertadas, pela igreja, de maneira identificada com os significados já presentes neste senso comum. / The purpose of this thesis was to describe the phenomenon of adherence to the neo-pentecostal churches from the point of view of social psychology, and more specifically, of the theory of social representations. This way, our proposition was to identify the constitutive elements of a religious practice establishing a relationship with these social representations. Specifically, the research identified and analysed the process of utilization of the religious common sense by the neo-pentecostal commuty called Igreja Mundial do Poder de Deus [World Church of Gods Power], as a generative instrument of adherence, taking into consideration the emotional factors which are relevant to the common sense of the group, as the driving force motivating their attachment to this church. This way, we reach the four basic themes which allow us to identify the social representations built upon the interactivity of the church. The four themes are: miracle offerings and extraordinaty deeds; the singularity of the church; tha battle between Good and Evil; the spiritual leader and the people. The social representations identified were: the social representation of the church as a place for blessings and extraodinary deeds; the social representation of the demons; the social representation of the Divine and the social representation of the Gods Anointed. Having in mind the representations identified and analysed we came to the conclusion that, in the researched church, the common sense - while circulating significations among the church members - combined with emotional factors which are pertinent to them, constitutes the causative factor of the adherence, to the extent that the individuals realise that the solutions for their demands and misfortunes are offered by the church in an identified manner with the meaning already present in this common sense.

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中共一直沒有放棄以武力作為解決「臺灣問題」的選項，「統一臺灣」是中共建軍備戰主要目標之一，而國軍自然是共軍的主要假想敵。但是在1996年美國派遣兩支航母戰鬥群干預臺海軍事危機後，使中共體認美軍才是解決「臺灣問題」的最強大對手，開始深入思考如何阻止擁有高科技優勢的美軍介入臺海軍事衝突。防止美軍在中國大陸周邊地區進行作戰行動，是目前中共軍事現代化的主要發展方向，美國官學界將其稱為「反介入與區域拒止」軍事戰略，一時之間已成為研究中共軍事發展者之主要觀察指標。 中共「反介入與區域拒止」軍事戰略的主要著眼，在於建構能防止美國運用軍力涉入中國大陸周邊事務的能力，中共相信即使強大如美軍也不可能擁有全方位的優勢，其「反介入與區域拒止」軍事戰略主要依據地理環境、地緣戰略、美軍作戰特性及弱點等要素，並憑藉共軍數量與質量俱增的現代化武器，希望在西太平洋地區可能的軍事衝突中壓制美軍的作戰行動，或迫使美軍由較遠的基地發起軍事行動，並且阻止美軍後續的兵力增援，這可能使美軍在西太平洋作戰中遭到中共擊敗，或是迫使美國付出其不願意承擔的重大代價，此將導致中共可以達成其軍事和政治目標，同時也阻止美國全部或部分的軍事和政治目標。 中共軍力在「反介入與區域拒止」軍事戰略的帶動下快速成長，使美軍在西太平洋地區面臨重大挑戰和風險，並使美國區域盟邦有遭受侵略或被迫接受強制手段之虞，美軍為因應中共的挑戰，已確立「空海一體戰」的新型作戰概念，並著手發展相關能力。「空海一體戰」係以美軍現有軍力優勢為基礎，再經由西太平洋軍力部署的重組、海空作戰力量的整合、新型武器裝備的研發，並且加強與盟邦的軍事合作，希望建構一個多層次立體作戰體系，俾遏制中共的軍事擴張。在中、美兩強「反介入與區域拒止」和「空海一體戰」軍事戰略的競逐下，臺灣的自處之道和所應扮演的角色，亦為吾人應予深思的課題。 / The People’s Republic of China has never given up the use of military force as an option to solve the “Taiwan issue”, and the “unification with Taiwan” has also been one of the PLA’s objectives in its military buildup, which naturally makes the ROC military as the PLA’s hypothetical enemy. However, after the US sending two of its aircraft carrier battle groups to intervene a military crisis across the Taiwan Strait in 1996, the PRC started to realize that US military is its strongest opponent in solving the Taiwan issue and began to think how to deny the high-tech US military force from stepping into a military confrontation across the Taiwan strait. The prevention of US military operation in surrounding areas of China has been leading the modernization of China’s military, and officials and academia in the US have been calling this phenomenon “anti-access and area-denial” strategy which all of a sudden becomes an observation index when studying the PRC’s military development. The main focus of China’s “anti-access and area-denial” strategy is to develop the capability of preventing the US military from intervening affairs taking place in surrounding areas of China. China believes that no matter how powerful the US military is, it is unable to gain a comprehensive advantage in this region. By the PLA’s increasing modernized weapons, the anti-access and area-denial strategy, based on the geographic environment, geostrategy, and characteristics and weakness of the US military, aims to suppress US military activities in possible military conflicts in the western Pacific region, or to compel the US military to launch its force from bases further away and to stop its reinforcement. The success of this strategy will make the US military be defeated by the PLA or force the US to pay a price that it is unwilling to afford, and then China is able to achieve its military and political objectives and at the same time stops the US, entirely or partially, from achieving its military and political objectives. The anti-access and area-denial strategy has led to a rapid military development in China, which poses a great challenge and risk to the US military in the western Pacific region and makes allies of the US in this region in the fear of being invaded or coerced. In responding to China’s challenges, the US military has developed a new operational concept -- “AirSea Battle” and begins the development relating to this new concept. The “AirSea Battle” concept, building on current US military supremacy and the integration of air-sea combat powers as well as the reorganization of US force in the western Pacific region and the development of new weapons, looks to enhance the military cooperation between the US and its allies to establish a multilevel operation system which is able to contain Chinese military expansion. Amid the competition between China’s “anti-access and area-denial” strategy and US “AirSea Battle” concept, Taiwan’s responses and the role that Taiwan should play is a subject that we must deliberate thoroughly.

<p>Försvarsmakten har under de senaste åren gått igenom radikala förändringar, som fortfarande inte är klara. Samtidigt som fokus ligger på personalförsörjning samt annat så går den teknologiska utvecklingen framåt. Jag vill med denna uppsats belysa vad ett gemensamt geografiskt informationssystem skulle kunna innebära för chefer på en lägre nivå inom mekaniserade bataljoner. Med denna uppsatts vill jag skapa förståelse utav gemensamma geografiska informationssystem och vilka möjligheter de skulle kunna bidra med. I uppsatsen tar jag reda på om systemen skulle kunna underlätta för chefer i sitt ledarskap på slagfälten, likväl vilka effekter det stridstekniskt skulle kunna bidra med. Jag tar också reda på om Försvarsmakten med dagens materiell och teknologi kan uppbringa ett sådant system. Slutsatsen som dras är att Försvarsmakten inte med dagens materiell kan uppbringa ett sådant system, materielen är föråldrad och den främsta begränsningen är dataöverförningskapacitet. Andra slutsatser är att system som dessa underlättar för chefer ur flertalet perspektiv. Främst så skulle systemen kunna bidraga till högre stridseffektivitet och underlätta för så kallade mixade förband.</p> / <p>The Swedish Armed forces have under the past years gone through some radical changes and some of them are still going on. As focus is set on manpower, the technologic development moves forward. I want to highlight what a common graphical information system could mean to commanders on lower command level at mechanized units. With this essay I want to create an understanding of common geographical information systems and what opportunities it could help with. In the essay I will find out if the systems could favor commanders in their leadership on the battlefield, as well which effects it could have on battle tactics. I also find out if the Swedish Armed forces with today’s equipment could procure such a system. Conclusions of the essay is that the Swedish Armed forces cant with today’s equipment procure such an system, because of the equipments obsolete status and the prominent restriction is data transfer rate. Other conclusions are that systems like these favor commanders in several perspectives. Most prominent, could system like these contribute to higher battle efficiency and favor for mechanized- mixed unit types.</p>

Försvarsmakten har under de senaste åren gått igenom radikala förändringar, som fortfarande inte är klara. Samtidigt som fokus ligger på personalförsörjning samt annat så går den teknologiska utvecklingen framåt. Jag vill med denna uppsats belysa vad ett gemensamt geografiskt informationssystem skulle kunna innebära för chefer på en lägre nivå inom mekaniserade bataljoner. Med denna uppsatts vill jag skapa förståelse utav gemensamma geografiska informationssystem och vilka möjligheter de skulle kunna bidra med. I uppsatsen tar jag reda på om systemen skulle kunna underlätta för chefer i sitt ledarskap på slagfälten, likväl vilka effekter det stridstekniskt skulle kunna bidra med. Jag tar också reda på om Försvarsmakten med dagens materiell och teknologi kan uppbringa ett sådant system. Slutsatsen som dras är att Försvarsmakten inte med dagens materiell kan uppbringa ett sådant system, materielen är föråldrad och den främsta begränsningen är dataöverförningskapacitet. Andra slutsatser är att system som dessa underlättar för chefer ur flertalet perspektiv. Främst så skulle systemen kunna bidraga till högre stridseffektivitet och underlätta för så kallade mixade förband. / The Swedish Armed forces have under the past years gone through some radical changes and some of them are still going on. As focus is set on manpower, the technologic development moves forward. I want to highlight what a common graphical information system could mean to commanders on lower command level at mechanized units. With this essay I want to create an understanding of common geographical information systems and what opportunities it could help with. In the essay I will find out if the systems could favor commanders in their leadership on the battlefield, as well which effects it could have on battle tactics. I also find out if the Swedish Armed forces with today’s equipment could procure such a system. Conclusions of the essay is that the Swedish Armed forces cant with today’s equipment procure such an system, because of the equipments obsolete status and the prominent restriction is data transfer rate. Other conclusions are that systems like these favor commanders in several perspectives. Most prominent, could system like these contribute to higher battle efficiency and favor for mechanized- mixed unit types.

Conflict Event theory has the potential to change how archaeologists investigate battlefield sites. As a theoretical paradigm, eventful archaeology allows us to give agency to social-structure changing events, going beyond collect artifacts after the battle is over. Coupled with site formation processes, this model allows us to project battle elements to re-create the historical events that occurred at conflict sites. Within this theoretical framework, we can begin to understand why the conflict unfolded in a particular manner. Two site of the Texian Revolution are particularly appropriate to this new theoretical model: the San Jacinto Battleground (SJB), the location of the last battle of the Texian Revolution, and Washington-on-the-Brazos (WOB), the location of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence. Merging this theoretical model with an investigation of site formation processes (understanding the matrix in which the artifacts lie) and pulse-domain electromagnetic surveying allows for a much more robust approach to Battlefield Archaeology. Pulse-induction allows for the detection of discrete artifacts in the soil, and is a much more reliable method than the more commonly used magnetometry. Analyzing characteristics of the soil surrounding the artifacts then gives us a third line of inquiry as to why artifacts are in certain locations in the archaeological record, allowing for an explanation as to their quality and quantity. La teoría del Acontecimiento del conflicto tiene el potencial para cambiar cómo arqueólogos investigan sitios de campo de batalla. Como un paradigma teórico, la arqueología llena de acontecimientos nos permite dar agencia a la social-estructura que cambia acontecimientos, yendo más allá de reúne artefactos después de que la batalla esté sobre. Asociado con procesos de formación de sitio, este modelo nos permite proyectar batalla elementos para recrear los acontecimientos históricos que ocurrieron en sitios de conflicto. Dentro de esta armazón teórica, nosotros podemos comenzar a comprender por qué el conflicto desplegó en una manera particular. Dos sitio de la Revolución de Texian es especialmente apropiado a este nuevo modelo teórico: el San Campo de batalla de Jacinto (SJB), la ubicación de la última batalla de la Revolución de Texian, y de Washington en el Brazos (WOB), la ubicación del firmar de la Declaración de Tejas de Independencia. Unir este modelo teórico con una investigación de sitúa procesos de formación (comprendiendo la matriz en la que los artefactos están) y el pulso-dominio inspeccionar electromagnético tiene en cuenta un enfoque mucho más robusto a la Arqueología del Campo de batalla. La pulso-inducción tiene en cuenta el descubrimiento de artefactos distintos en la tierra, y es un método mucho más seguro que el magnetometry más comúnmente utilizado. Analizar características de la tierra que rodea los artefactos entonces nos dan una tercera línea de indagación en cuanto a por qué artefactos están en ciertas ubicaciones en el registro arqueológico, teniendo en cuenta una explicación en cuanto a su calidad y la cantidad.

This dissertation provides analysis on several areas of study related to the history of the United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era. One element scrutinizes the efforts of Commandant Archibald Henderson to transform the Corps into a more nimble and professional organization. Henderson's initiatives are placed within the framework of the several fundamental changes that the U.S. Navy was undergoing as it worked to experiment with, acquire, and incorporate new naval technologies into its own operational concept. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Henderson's programs are provided and comparisons drawn with those priorities established by his successor, Commandant John Harris. In addition, the operations undertaken by the Corps during the Civil War are evaluated in terms of their relative benefit for the national military establishment as a whole. The Corps organization and operational concept is scrutinized and compared with that of similar military structures. In particular, the relationship between the U.S. Marine Corps and the Confederate States Marine Corps are compared. In the process, the South's Corps, born in part out of that of the North's, exhibited many distinct advantages that the USMC solidly resisted adopting during the war years. The influence of key leaders, both military and civilian, reveals many problems that continued to negatively affect the Corps' ability to meet operational requirements as defined by senior naval and Army commanders. Yet despite these issues, the Corps' Civil War experiences served as a crucible for forging a new generation of leaders who earnestly fought for reforms and increased professionalization of the unit. Although the Corps suffered from several problems related to lack of institutional vision and leadership failings of some senior officers, at a small unit level the officers and Marines performed their duties in a competent, enthusiastic, and courageous manner. Therefore, Marines continued to be in great demand by naval commanders at all levels, who actively sought their service in a variety of operation.

In this study, a parametric model for a main battle tank electric gun turret drive system stabilization controller has been developed. Main scope was the study of the muzzle deviation due to barrel flexibility. Traverse and elevation dynamics has been modeled to include the drive-line and barrel flexibilities. Order of the models has been kept large enough to cover the frequencies dominant in the interest scope but at the same time low enough to create a parametric model which can be used in real-time fire control computers. Therefore a 5-dof elevation and a 7-dof traverse models have been implemented. These models have been used to design a classical feedback and feedforward controllers which performed good enough to meet 0.5mrad stabilization accuracies. After satisfactory results have been obtained from the stabilization controller, a special coincidence algorithm has been implemented by time-series analysis of the disturbance signal which is constantly being measured by the feedforward gyro. Necessity of predicting the future muzzle angular orientation due to the latency in fire is discussed and by using autoregressive modeling of the disturbance signal, future values of the disturbance signal has been entered into the observer model. The prediction horizon has been set to the time delay value between the trigger is pulled by the gunner and the ammunition exit from the muzzle. By checking the future coincidence within a very narrow windowing (0.05mrad) a 100% first round hit probability in theory has been achieved. This is assured since the coincidence inhibited the fire signals which were to miss the aiming point with a large error.

Édition de : Thèse 3e cycle : Etudes latines : Paris 4 : 1986. / Bibliogr. p. [225]-228 Notes bibliogr. Index.

The silence and invisibility of Puerto Rican soldiers in fictional and non-fictional representations of U.S. Wars has motivated me to look for alternative spaces in which these unaccounted voices and images are currently being produced, stored, circulated, and memorialized. Within this framework, my dissertation explores the self-representation of Puerto Rican servicemen and women in social networking sites (SNS), (i.e. as MySpace and Facebook), in user-generated content (UGC) platforms, (i.e. YouTube), and also in web memorials. I am interested in understanding how Puerto Rican soldiers self-represent their ethnonational identity online within the overlapping of second-class citizenship. The theoretical framework proposed for this research will apply theories such as 1) articulation; 2) the notion of contact zone; and 3) colonial/racial subjectivities. To complete this goal, my research method draws on online ethnography, textual, and critical discourse analysis. Firstly, I will discuss the limited repertoire of images of Puerto Rican soldiers in TV and film. My argument is that, besides the massive omission of this history, the images and motifs that do escape de facto social censorship will be in conversation with the self-representations. The second chapter is the result of four years of the process of online ethnography on which I analyze the instances of self-representation of Puerto Rican soldiers in SNS. My interest was seeing how those spaces were inflected by an ethnonational subjectivity. The third chapter explores the ways Puerto Rican soldiers, embedded in mash-up cultures, uses UGCs platforms to upload videos that transform the soldiers from passive consumers of images to active producers of content, which tend to disrupt dominant narratives of power. The last chapter explores the emergence of web memorials dedicated to the Puerto Rican soldiers. My main argument is that these instances of self- representation in online spaces are in conversation with the moments of silences and misrepresentations of Puerto Rican soldiers in traditional media, but also have become acts of enunciation in which the particular Puerto Ricanness of the Puerto Rican soldier is affirmed within complex, layered histories of imperialism, racism, heterosexism, and second-class citizenship. / text