Thesis (B.A. (Hons.)), Department of Psychology, University of Adelaide, 1971.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2006. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Stephen Stallcup, Karen Weyler; submitted to the Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30, p. 61-62).

Thesis (M.Theology) -- University of Limpopo, 1991 / Refer to document

Crustaceans are distinguished for their great commercial interest and good acceptance in the marketplace. However, they present easy deterioration, mainly due to their pH close to the neutral point, high water activity and composition in terms of unsaturated lipids to suffer oxidation. Therefore, the process of smoking extends the life and adds value to the product. However, this process may cause changes in the nutritional properties of food, making it more susceptible to lipid oxidation with consequent formation of cholesterol oxides, which are biologically active compounds, considered cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and atherogenic. Considering the dearth of information about the chemical composition of the seven-beards shrimp (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) smoked in the Pontal do Peba Alagoas (Brazil), during this work we studied the influence of smoking for its nutritional value. Then, the proximate composition, calorific value, pH, chlorides concentration and profile of fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesterol oxides were determined in the natura and smoked forms of this food. For the natura and smoked seven-beards shrimp, we obtained the following results, respectively: on a dry basis lipids: 6.85% and 5.18%; protein: 88.93% and 72.36%; ash: 8.00% and 23.58%; calories: 424.37 Kcal/100 g and 341.46 Kcal/100 g; chlorides: 3.61% and 17.86%; and on a wet basis - moisture: 77.87% and 40.32%; pH: 7.30 and 7.37; fatty acids: saturated: 39.78% and 52.35%; polyunsaturated: 39.58% and 28.30%; omega-3: 26.61% and 19.22%; omega-6: 8.79% and 6.30%; cholesterol: 145.08 mg/100 g and 297.59 mg/100 g; cholesterol oxides (dry basis): 7-keto: 8.47 µg/g and 8.56 µg/g; 7-alpha: 8.40 µg/g and 5.14 µg/g; 7-beta: 2.83 µg/g and 1.39 µg/g. It was concluded that seven-beards shrimp has a high nutritional value and it is a good source of essential fatty acids, but its smoked form leads to significant changes in their chemical composition, especially in their lipid profile, with no significant influence on the formation of cholesterol oxides. / Os crustáceos destacam-se por seu grande interesse comercial e boa aceitação no mercado consumidor. Entretanto, apresentam fácil deterioração, principalmente devido ao seu pH próximo da neutralidade, a elevada atividade de água e composição em termos de lipídeos insaturados passíveis de oxidação. Por isso, a defumação tem o intuito de aumentar a vida útil e agregar valor ao produto. Porém, este processamento pode ocasionar alterações nas propriedades nutricionais do alimento, tornando-o mais suscetível à oxidação lipídica com consequente formação de óxidos de colesterol, compostos biologicamente ativos considerados citotóxicos, mutagênicos, aterogênicos e cancerígenos. Considerando-se a escassez de informações acerca da composição química do camarão sete-barbas (Xiphopenaeus kroyeri) defumado no Pontal do Peba Alagoas (Brasil), estudou-se, neste trabalho, a influência da defumação sobre seu valor nutritivo. Determinou-se, então, nas formas in natura e defumada desse alimento, a composição centesimal, o valor calórico, pH, a concentração de cloretos, perfil de ácidos graxos, colesterol e óxidos de colesterol. Para o camarão sete-barbas in natura e defumado, respectivamente, obteve-se os seguintes resultados: em base seca - lipídeos: 6,85% e 5,18%; proteínas: 88,93% e 72,36%; cinzas: 8,00% e 23,58%; calorias: 424,37 Kcal/100 g e 341,46 Kcal/100 g; cloretos: 3,61% e 17,86%; e em base úmida - umidade: 77,87% e 40,32%; pH: 7,30 e 7,37; ácidos graxos: saturados, 39,78% e 52,35%; poli-insaturados: 39,58% e 28,30%; ômega-3: 26,61% e 19,22%; ômega-6: 8,79% e 6,03%; colesterol: 145,08 mg/100 g e 297,59 mg/100 g; óxidos de colesterol (base seca): 7-ceto: 8,47 µg/g e 8,56 µg/g; 7-alfa: 8,40 µg/g e 5,14 µg/g; 7-beta: 2,83 µg/g e 1,39 µg/g. Concluiu-se que o camarão sete-barbas possui alto valor nutricional e boa fonte de ácidos graxos essenciais, porém a defumação conduz a modificações significativas na sua composição química, especialmente no seu perfil lipídico, não apresentando influência na formação de óxidos de colesterol.

À cheval entre nature et culture, le poil et la chevelure humaine condensent un grand ensemble d’enjeux symboliques relevant de questions identitaires, religieuses, scientifiques, et autres. L’étude des discours et des pratiques concernant le poil représente, pour l’historien, une fenêtre sur l’évolution des mentalités d’une société donnée en ce qui concerne les perceptions de soi et de l’autre. S’inscrivant dans le courant intellectuel de l’histoire du corps, cette thèse s’attarde plus précisément aux « systèmes trichologiques » dans la France de l’époque moderne (soit du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle). Elle se fonde sur l’analyse d’une grande variété de sources permettant de recouper différents types de discours touchant au poil : point de vue scientifique des médecins, physiognomonistes et historiens, point de vue prescriptif des traités d’éducation et de civilité, contrepoint exotique des récits de voyage et autre témoignages de « curiosités » ainsi qu’un suivi de l’évolution étymologique des mots pertinents au sein de dictionnaires et encyclopédies. La question centrale de cette thèse est celle du rôle du poil dans le façonnement de représentations servant à identifier, démarquer et hiérarchiser les groupes sociaux; et comment celles-ci évoluent de concert avec d’autres transformations historiques.Le premier chapitre s’attarde au poil comme marqueur de différences individuelles. On y retrace une sorte de « langage » du poil, recensant les significations et connotations rattachées aux diverses manifestations pileuses : couleur, longueur, abondance, forme. Il y a apparait clairement que le poil joue un rôle important tant dans la mise en scène de soi que dans la lecture de l’apparence physique de l’autre. Le deuxième chapitre s’intéresse au poil en tant que marqueur de « genre ». On y examine la contribution des représentations de la pilosité dans la construction des identités masculines et féminines. Le poil s’interprète comme une manifestation extérieure de la nature des différents sexes et de leurs rôles dans la société, ce qui en fait un enjeu dans les relations de pouvoir entre les sexes et entre les gens du même sexe. Le troisième chapitre aborde le poil en ce qu’il permet de délimiter et hiérarchiser les classes sociales. On le voit participer aux modes et au processus de discipline des corps qui permettent aux élites, avec les perruques et le raffinement des conduites et des pratiques d’embellissement, de se distinguer autrement que par les vêtements. On retrace également une politique du poil qui s’étend au-delà du regard, l’état s’accordant le droit d’agir directement sur les corps – les chevelures, les poils – de ses sujets. Le dernier chapitre explore l’instrumentalisation du poil dans la construction d’un « autre » lointain et anormal : le sauvage d’outre-mer, l’enfant-loup, l’aberration de la nature. En caractérisant les poils de cas qu’ils situent aux frontières de l’humanité, les Français de l’Ancien régime exposent leurs propres présupposés sur la normalité et la civilisation. / Both natural and cultural phenomenon, human hair condenses a wide array of symbolic issues relating to notions of identity, religion, science, etc. The analysis of discourses and practices concerning hair affords the historian a window to the evolution of a given society’s attitudes towards the self and others. Following the historiographical current of the history of the body, this thesis examines the “trichological systems” of modern France (16th to 18th centuries). It is based on the survey of a wide variety of sources, allowing the comparison of different types of hair-related discourses: the scientific point of view of physicians, physiognomonists and historians; the prescriptive point of view of education and civility treatises; the exotic counterpoint of travel narratives and other writings on “curiosities”, as well as a review of the etymological evolution of relevant words in dictionaries and encyclopedia. The central question in this dissertation concerns the role of hair in the construction of representations used in identifying, distinguishing and hierarching social groups; and how these representations evolve along other historical transformations. The first chapter highlights hair’s role as marker of individual differences. A “language of hair” is exposed, inventorying meanings and connotations attached to the various factors of hairy manifestations: color, length, affluence, shape. The importance of hair in the staging of the self and the reading of others is highlighted. The second chapter explores the contribution of hair in the construction of gendered identities. Hair is interpreted as an outward sign of the sexes’ different natures and the confirmation of their respective social roles. As such, it is a tool in the negotiation of power between and within genders. The third chapter examines hair as it is used in the demarcation of social classes. It is seen as participating in the process of body discipline of the French elite. The use of wigs alongside refined hair care emphasized their distinction from lower classes beyond the traditional means of clothing. Direct state regulations on the hair of its subjects also show that trichological politics don’t limit themselves to the gaze. The finale chapter highlights the instrumentalization of hair in the construction of faraway and abnormal “other”: the oversea savage, the wolf child, the natural aberration. By characterizing the hair of beings at the frontier of humanity, Ancien Régime French expose their own presuppositions on normality and civilization.

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