Thesis (Ph. D.)--Uppsala University, 2001. / Abstract (1 leaf) and improved print-outs for five diagrams (on p. 280, 290, 301, 308, 309) inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 495-529) and index.

O pressuposto teórico dessa investigação é que a imagem constitui a célula ou singularidade que aciona as políticas cognitivas de subjetivação e alteridade. Por meio das práticas artísticas e da percepção estética, ela concede sentido ao corpo da educação pela arte. Isso posto, o objetivo teórico da pesquisa foi contribuir para a compreensão dos modos de produção da imagem nas poéticas contemporâneas nas artes visuais e seu papel na experiência estética, examinando sua relação e seus efeitos sobre os processos mediados pelo ensino da arte, a partir da prática de artistas educadores. Entende-se que esse seja um objeto que aborda um fenômeno de caráter contemporâneo, sobre o qual o pesquisador possui pouca ou nenhuma influência, o que justificou a utilização do método de estudo de caso. Para sua efetivação foi definido um ator chave, unidade de análise do estudo de caso. Definiu-se pelo foco no trabalho da pesquisadora, professora e artista contemporânea Lucimar Bello Frange, cuja trajetória destaca-se como referência no contexto artístico e educacional nos últimos 30 anos. A execução da pesquisa de campo foi guiada por três objetivos específicos, todos eles relacionados ao trabalho do ator chave, sendo eles: refletir sobre sua trajetória, no âmbito das poéticas contemporâneas, desde os anos 1990; compreender como a experiência da, e com a imagem se realiza; analisar como são ativadas as políticas cognitivas por meio da experiência com a imagem, com ênfase no projeto/performance intitulado \"Desenhos de Comer\". A pesquisa assumiu a perspectiva qualitativa e exploratória, suportada por três métodos considerados os mais adequados para abordagem do objeto: pesquisa documental, análise de entrevistas e observação direta participante. Desses métodos foram derivados procedimentos que produziram os dados que foram triangulados por meio de três categorias de pesquisa: prática artística, experiência da, e com a imagem, e, processos pedagógicos. A interpretação dos resultados permitiu organizar os resultados em 3 capítulos: no primeiro deles são discutidos os fundamentos teóricos e realizados diálogos com artistas contemporâneos, o que permitiu sustentar a pesquisa em termos de conceitos e linhas de pensamento; o segundo é dedicado à apresentação do procedimento metodológico utilizado para a execução da pesquisa; o último capítulo apresenta os resultados do estudo de caso e está subdividido em quatro sessões, que apresentam os resultados conforme cada método escolhido, para a seguir realizar o processo de triangulação. / The theoretical assumption of this investigation is that the image constitutes the cell or singularity that triggers the cognitive policies of subjectivation and otherness. Through artistic practices and aesthetic perception, it gives meaning to the body of education through art. Thus, the theoretical objective of the research was to contribute to the understanding of the modes of image production in contemporary poetics in the visual arts and its role in aesthetic experience, examining their relation and its effects on the processes mediated by the teaching of art, from the Practice of educating artists. It is understood that this is an object that addresses a phenomenon of contemporary character, about which the researcher has little or no influence, which justified the use of the case study method. For its effectiveness, a key actor, unit of analysis of the case study was defined. It was defined by the focus on the work of the researcher, teacher and contemporary artist Lucimar Bello Frange, whose trajectory stands out as a reference in the artistic and educational context in the last 30 years. The execution of the field research was guided by three specific objectives, all of them related to the work of the key actor: to reflect on his trajectory, in the context of contemporary poetics, since the 1990s; Understand how the experience of and with the image is realized; To analyze how cognitive policies are activated through experience with the image, with emphasis on the project / performance entitled \"Desenhos de Comer.\" The research assumed the qualitative and exploratory perspective, supported by three methods considered the most appropriate to approach the object: documentary research, analysis of interviews and participant direct observation. From these methods were derived procedures that produced the data that were triangulated through three categories of research: artistic practice, experience of and with the image, and, pedagogical processes. The interpretation of the results allowed us to organize the results into three chapters: the first one discusses the theoretical foundations and the dialogues with contemporary artists that allowed to support the research in terms of concepts and lines of thought; The second is dedicated to the presentation of the methodological procedure used for the execution of the research; The last chapter presents the results of the case study and is subdivided into four sessions, which present the results according to each chosen method, to carry out the triangulation process

Notre thèse portant sur les « difficultés de mise en œuvre du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles dans les territoires occupés et les territoires non autonomes » est née d’un constat initial selon lequel le droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles dans les territoires occupés et les territoires non autonomes n’est toujours pas respecté par plusieurs acteurs de la scène internationale, dont certains se disant très attachés aux normes du droit international. Deux hypothèses ont été avancées pour expliquer ce dilemme, à savoir soit le principe de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles n’a pas été encore affirmé comme une règle de droit international positif applicable aux territoires occupés et aux territoires non autonomes ; ou bien ce principe est d’ores et déjà enraciné en droit international mais il n’est pas encore effectif en raison du manque de mécanismes de suivi permettant sa mise en œuvre. Concernant la question de savoir si le principe de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles constitue une règle du droit international positif, notre examen a montré que l’enracinement juridique de ce principe a profondément bouleversé le cadre juridique régissant les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources naturelles menées dans les territoires occupés et les territoires non autonomes. L’examen de l’effectivité du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles devait passer inévitablement par un état des lieux des activités d’exploration et d’exploitation des ressources naturelles dans un échantillon des territoires occupés et des territoires non autonomes. Cet état des lieux a renforcé davantage la présomption de la difficile effectivité du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles. Les actions menées par les organisations internationales en faveur du suivi et de la mise en œuvre du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles dans les territoires occupés et les territoires non autonomes ont montré de nombreuses limites en la matière. L’effectivité du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles est également et manifestement remise en cause par une pénurie de mécanismes juridictionnels capables de remédier efficacement à l’exploitation illégale des ressources naturelles dans les territoires non autonomes et les territoires occupés. Par ailleurs, l’examen du rôle joué par certains ONG et fonds d’investissement dans le suivi et la mise en œuvre du droit de souveraineté permanente sur les ressources naturelles dans les territoires non autonomes et les territoires occupés, a montré que ces acteurs privés peuvent constituer des outils efficaces afin d’inciter les entreprises mises en cause à mettre fin à leurs activités illégales. Toutefois, ce rôle encourageant des acteurs privés est loin de remédier seul à la situation causée par la pénurie de mécanismes mis en place par les acteurs publics (Etats et organisations internationales). / Our thesis on "the difficulties in the implementation of the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in occupied and non-self-governing territories" was developed from the initial observation that the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in occupied and non-self-governing territories is still not respected by several actors on the international scene, some of whom claim to be very committed to the norms of international law. Two hypotheses have been put forward to explain this dilemma: either the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources has not yet been affirmed as a positive rule of international law applicable to occupied and non-self-governing territories; or this principle is already rooted in international law but is not yet effective due to the lack of monitoring mechanisms for its implementation. On the question of whether the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources is a rule of positive international law, our review has shown that the legal routing of this principle has profoundly changed the legal framework regulating the exploration and exploitation of natural resources in occupied and non-self-governing territories. The examination of the effectiveness of the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources would inevitably require an inventory of natural resource exploration and exploitation activities in a sample of occupied and non-self-governing territories. This inventory has further reinforced the presumption of the difficult effectiveness of the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources. The efforts of international organizations to monitor and implement the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in the occupied and non-self-governing territories have shown many limitations in this regard. The effectiveness of the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources is also clearly undermined by a lack of jurisdictional mechanisms capable of effectively remedying the illegal exploitation of natural resources in the non-self-governing and occupied territories. Furthermore, an examination of the role of certain NGOs and investment funds in monitoring and implementing the right of permanent sovereignty over natural resources in the non-self-governing and occupied territories has shown that these private actors can be effective tools in encouraging the implicated companies to put an end to their illegal activities. However, this encouraging role of private actors is far from remedying by itself the situation caused by the lack of mechanisms put in place by public actors (States and international organizations).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-237). Also available on Internet.

La traducción en el siglo XV establece una tercera vía: traducir un texto del latín o del griego "ad sententiam", segun su significado; alternativa a los dos "modi" medievales, que son la traducción "ad verbum" o literal, y la traducción "ad sensum", segun su sentido. La traducción del significado incluye la comprensión histórica y los aspectos formales y estilísticos del texto, fundamentos hermenéuticos esenciales para su correcta comprensión. Un primer paso de esta concepción moderna de la traducción se da en traductores que corrigen textos anteriores, como F. Alegre en las "Transformacions" (1494) de P. Ovidio, influido por las tesis de L. Bruni i por la poética neoplatónica. En su traducción "La primera guerra púnica" (1472), traduida del italiano, el barcelonés se situa al margen de estas inovaciones y se mantiene en el binomio "verbum-sensum" por la naturaleza escolar e iniciática de este ejercicio.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2000. / Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-237).

During World War II the British Royal Air Force undertook a campaign of area bombing of German cities, resulting in hundreds of thousands of civilian casualties. The debate over the ethics of this policy began at the time and has continued to the present. Area bombing clearly violated the traditional Just War norms of discrimination and noncombatant immunity. Apologists for the bombing have argued that such norms are no longer applicable in conditions of modern total war; critics of the bombing disagree. This dissertation defends the continuing relevance and applicability of these norms, and argues that area bombing constituted a violation of the moral laws governing the conduct of warfare. The dissertation also shows that the seeming intractability of the ethical debate on area bombing results from the participants' positions being informed by distinct and often incompatible ethical traditions. To understand and evaluate the different positions in the debate, it is necessary to engage critically with these underlying traditions. The dissertation shows how five ethical traditions touching on the norm of noncombatant immunity conditioned the positions taken by protagonists in the debate. The ethical traditions are Holy War / Crusade; Classical Realism; Christian Realism; Christian Just War / Jus in Bello; and Christian Pacifism. The first part of the dissertation explores the theoretical background and historical development of each of these traditions. The second part examines five protagonists in the British debate during World War II and analyzes how their positions were informed by the ethical traditions considered in the first part. The participants examined are Lord Vansittart (Holy War / Crusade), Captain Basil Liddell Hart (Classical Realism), Archbishop William Temple (Christian Realism), Bishop George Bell (Just War / Jus in Bello), and Vera Brittain (Christian Pacifism). The dissertation evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, and contributions of each of these traditions. By considering the voices raised against the area bombing at the time - especially those of Bishop Bell and Vera Brittain - the dissertation seeks to encourage theologically and ethically informed opposition to potential violations of the jus in bello norms in present and future conflicts.

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The present paper has the purpose of analyzing the notion of disinterest in Kant’s aesthetics. The first part focuses on Shaftesbury’s and Schopenhauer’s aesthetic approaches, wherein the presence of disinterest in relation to the appraisal of beauty is highlighted –albeit, as will be seen, in very different senses than the one proposed by Kant. The second part approaches the Analytics of beauty, around which some reflections about disinterest will be attempted in order to pay attention to disinterest as proposed by Kant, not only as a negative element, but also with an open, positive, connotation that enables a relationship with the world different than usual. / El presente trabajo tiene como propósito analizar la noción de desinterés en la estética kantiana. Para ello, en la primera parte, se revisará brevemente el planteamiento estético de Shaftesbury y Schopenhauer, en los que se advierte la presencia del desinterés en relación con la apreciación de lo bello; aunque, como se verá, en sentidos muy distintos de lo propuesto por Kant. La segunda parte se centrará en la Analítica de lo bello, sobre la base de la cual se ensayarán algunas reflexiones sobre el desinterés; de esta manera se busca poner atención al desinterés propuesto por Kant no solo como un elemento negativo, sino además con una connotación abierta, positiva, que hace posible una relación distinta de la habitual con el mundo.

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