Orientador: Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa Santos / Banca: Ricardo César Gonçalves Sant'Ana / Banca: José Remo Ferreira Brega / Banca: Virgínia Bentes Pinto / Banca: Alex Sandro Romeu de Souza Poleto / Resumo: O processo de catalogação ocupa-se dos registros bibliográficos, enquanto suporte de informação, servindo como base para a interoperabilidade entre ambientes informacionais, levando em conta objetos diversificados de informação e bases cooperativas e heterogêneas. Dentre as principais propostas da área de catalogação estão os FRBR - Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (Requisitos Funcionais para Registros Bibliográficos), que constituem novos conceitos nas regras de catalogação. As regras dos FRBR mostram um caminho na reestruturação dos registros bibliográficos de maneira a refletir a estrutura conceitual de persistência e buscas de informação, levando em conta a diversidade de usuários, materiais, suporte físico e formatos. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é refletir e discutir, a partir de uma arquitetura conceitual, lógica e de persistência de ambientes informacionais, baseada nos FRBR e na Modelagem Entidade- Relacionamento e estendido pelo uso dos conceitos da Orientação a Objetos, o processo de catalogação no contexto do projeto de catálogos utilizando a metodologia computacional de Modelagem Conceitual de Dados, considerando a evolução dessa área no âmbito da Ciência da Informação em relação ao contexto da representação da informação com vistas ao uso e à interoperabilidade de todo e qualquer recurso informacional, que vise a preencher a lacuna entre o projeto conceitual de um domínio de aplicação e a definição dos esquemas de metadados das estruturas de registros bibliográficos. Esta pesquisa defende a necessidade e a urgência da releitura do processo de catalogação adicionado de elementos da Ciência da Computação com utilização de metodologias de Tratamento Descritivo da Informação (TDI) no âmbito da representação da informação na camada de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The cataloguing process is aimed at dealing with bibliographic registers as information support, serving as a basis for an interoperability among information environments, taking into account different objects and cooperative and heterogeneous basis. Among the main propositions of the cataloguing field are the FRBR - Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records, which constitute of new concepts in cataloguing standards. These standards indicate access to the rearrangement of bibliographic registers in order to reflect on the conceptual framework of persistence and search of information, considering the diversity of users, material, physical support, and formats. In this context, the present research is aimed at reflecting and discussing, from a conceptual architecture, logic and information environment persistence based on FRBR and Entity-Relationship Modeling and extended by the use of concepts of Object Orientation, the process of cataloguing in the context of the catalogs project by using computation methodology of Data Conceptual Modeling, considering the evolution of this area in the scope of Information Science in relation to the context of the representation of information aiming use and interoperability of every and each information resource to fill the lack between the conceptual project of an application domain and the definition of the metadata scheme of bibliographic registers structures. Thus, this research defends the necessity and urgency to review the cataloguing process adding the elements of Computing Science with the use of Information Descriptive Treatment methodologies in the scope of the information representation in the layer of persistence of an automated information environment. The research issue is based in the presupposition of the existence in a relation of community among... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

L'analyse en ligne OLAP (Online Analytical Processing) est une des technologies les plus importantes dans les entrepôts de données, elle permet l'analyse multidimensionnelle de données. Cela correspond à un outil d'analyse puissant, tout en étant flexible en terme d'utilisation pour naviguer dans les données, plus ou moins en profondeur. OLAP a été le sujet de différentes améliorations et extensions, avec sans cesse de nouveaux problèmes en lien avec le domaine et les données, par exemple le multimedia, les données spatiales, les données séquentielles, etc. A l'origine, OLAP a été introduit pour analyser des données structurées que l'on peut qualifier de classiques. Cependant, l'émergence des réseaux d'information induit alors un nouveau domaine intéressant qu'il convient d'explorer. Extraire des connaissances à partir de larges réseaux constitue une tâche complexe et non évidente. Ainsi, l'analyse OLAP peut être une bonne alternative pour observer les données avec certains points de vue. Différents types de réseaux d'information peuvent aider les utilisateurs dans différentes activités, en fonction de différents domaines. Ici, nous focalisons notre attention sur les réseaux d'informations bibliographiques construits à partir des bases de données bibliographiques. Ces données permettent d'analyser non seulement la production scientifique, mais également les collaborations entre auteurs. Il existe différents travaux qui proposent d'avoir recours aux technologies OLAP pour les réseaux d'information, nommé ``graph OLAP". Beaucoup de techniques se basent sur ce qu'on peut appeler cube de graphes. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche de “graph OLAP” que nous appelons “Graphes enrichis par des Cubes” (GreC). Notre proposition consiste à enrichir les graphes avec des cubes plutôt que de construire des cubes de graphes. En effet, les noeuds et/ou les arêtes du réseau considéré sont décrits par des cubes de données. Cela permet des analyses intéressantes pour l'utilisateur qui peut naviguer au sein d'un graphe enrichi de cubes selon différents niveaux d'analyse, avec des opérateurs dédiés. En outre, notons quatre principaux aspects dans GreC. Premièrement, GreC considère la structure du réseau afin de permettre des opérations OLAP topologiques, et pas seulement des opérations OLAP classiques et informationnelles. Deuxièmement, GreC propose une vision globale du graphe avec des informations multidimensionnelles. Troisièmement, le problème de dimension à évolution lente est pris en charge dans le cadre de l'exploration du réseau. Quatrièmement, et dernièrement, GreC permet l'analyse de données avec une évolution du réseau parce que notre approche permet d'observer la dynamique à travers la dimension temporelle qui peut être présente dans les cubes pour la description des noeuds et/ou arêtes. Pour évaluer GreC, nous avons implémenté notre approche et mené une étude expérimentale sur des jeux de données réelles pour montrer l'intérêt de notre approche. L'approche GreC comprend différents algorithmes. Nous avons validé de manière expérimentale la pertinence de nos algorithmes et montrons leurs performances. / Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is one of the most important technologies in data warehouse systems, which enables multidimensional analysis of data. It represents a very powerful and flexible analysis tool to manage within the data deeply by operating computation. OLAP has been the subject of improvements and extensions across the board with every new problem concerning domain and data; for instance, multimedia, spatial data, sequence data and etc. Basically, OLAP was introduced to analyze classical structured data. However, information networks are yet another interesting domain. Extracting knowledge inside large networks is a complex task and too big to be comprehensive. Therefore, OLAP analysis could be a good idea to look at a more compressed view. Many kinds of information networks can help users with various activities according to different domains. In this scenario, we further consider bibliographic networks formed on the bibliographic databases. This data allows analyzing not only the productions but also the collaborations between authors. There are research works and proposals that try to use OLAP technologies for information networks and it is called Graph OLAP. Many Graph OLAP techniques are based on a cube of graphs.In this thesis, we propose a new approach for Graph OLAP that is graphs enriched by cubes (GreC). In a different and complementary way, our proposal consists in enriching graphs with cubes. Indeed, the nodes or/and edges of the considered network are described by a cube. It allows interesting analyzes for the user who can navigate within a graph enriched by cubes according to different granularity levels, with dedicated operators. In addition, there are four main aspects in GreC. First, GreC takes into account the structure of network in order to do topological OLAP operations and not only classical or informational OLAP operations. Second, GreC has a global view of a network considered with multidimensional information. Third, the slowly changing dimension problem is taken into account in order to explore a network. Lastly, GreC allows data analysis for the evolution of a network because our approach allows observing the evolution through the time dimensions in the cubes.To evaluate GreC, we implemented our approach and performed an experimental study on a real bibliographic dataset to show the interest of our proposal. GreC approach includes different algorithms. Therefore, we also validated the relevance and the performances of our algorithms experimentally.

O advento da internet e sua constante evolução exigiu o desenvolvimento de sistemas de informação em saúde, permitindo aos alunos de enfermagem o acesso à informação mais amplo, rápido e eficaz, agregando qualidade às buscas bibliográficas. Apesar da evolução e dinâmica atualização desses recursos informacionais, além da sua disponibilização gratuita, alguns alunos ainda apresentam fragilidades quando se envolvem com a busca e recuperação dessa informação. O objetivo desse estudo qualitativo é conhecer e analisar como são realizadas as buscas bibliográficas quanto à elaboração das estratégias de busca, determinação dos descritores de assunto, uso de bases de dados bibliográficas, recuperação de documentos em texto completo e quais são as dificuldades e os avanços encontrados nesse processo por alunos de graduação em enfermagem, dos cursos de Bacharelado e Bacharelado e Licenciatura da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto-USP. Foram entrevistados 21 alunos desses cursos no mês de novembro de 2010. A partir da análise temática, foram configurados alguns temas: 1 - necessidades e práticas de busca da informação: dificuldades experimentadas pelos estudantes de enfermagem; 2 - a organização do ensino da busca bibliográfica e o papel do professor e 3 - o bibliotecário como educador. O Google destaca-se como principal recurso de busca da WEB privilegiado pelos estudantes, tendo em vista dificuldades de acesso às bases de dados bibliográficas, de domínio da língua inglesa e de recuperação de texto completo. Os alunos apontam a necessidade de orientações e apoio por parte dos professores, assim como destacam atividades educativas desenvolvidas pelo bibliotecário de modo pontual. Nesse contexto, faz-se necessário rever o ensino da busca bibliográfica, inserindo atividade educativa de modo mais integrado às disciplinas dos currículos dos cursos envolvidos, ao longo do processo de formação; reconstruir as práticas pedagógicas dessas atividades, a partir de referencial problematizador e fortalecer a parceria entre professor e bibliotecários. Este estudo também desperta reflexões sobre a formação e a prática profissional do bibliotecário, tendo em vista sua inserção mais significativa no apoio ao desenvolvimento dos cursos de graduação, no contexto da Universidade. / The advent of the Internet and its constant evolution demanded the development of health information systems, which has provided nursing students broad, fast and efficient access to information, adding quality to bibliographic searches. Despite the improved and dynamic actualization of these information resources and their free access, some students still experience difficulties when attempting to search and retrieve information. This qualitative study identifies and analyzes how these bibliographic searches are performed in terms of search strategies, choice of subject descriptors, use of bibliographic databases, recovery of full text documents and also investigates the difficulties faced and advancements achieved in this process by undergraduate nursing students from the Bachelor and Teaching Degree Programs at the University of São Paulo at Ribeirão Preto, College of Nursing. A total of 21 students from these programs were interviewed in November 2010. Some themes emerged from the thematic analysis: 1 - Needs and information-seeking practices: difficulties faced by nursing students; 2 - Organization of teaching bibliographic searches and the role of professors; and 3 - The librarian as an educator. Google stands out as the main search resource on the web used by students given the difficulties faced in accessing bibliographic databases, English-based databases, and in the recovery of full texts. Students point to the need to obtain guidance and support from professors and also stress one-time educational activities developed by the librarian. The need to review the teaching of bibliographic searching is identified in order to include educational activities in a more integrated manner with the courses from the involved programs over the educational process, reconstruct the pedagogical practices of such activities based on the problematizing framework, and strengthen the partnership between professors and librarians. This study also encourages reflecting on the education and professional practice of librarians toward a more significant participation in supporting the development of undergraduate programs in the university context.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 FCR_DISSERT_2006.pdf: 1073625 bytes, checksum: 057b089239bde5815eada44ee36bc994 (MD5) FCR_DISSERT_2006.pdf.jpg: 3152 bytes, checksum: e49a2fbc2f368819303d1ce67ede2885 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study analyzes the books of Mathematics related in the GUIDE OF DIDACTIC BOOKS OF MATHEMATICS 2005 (5th to 8th grades of Elementary School) of the National Program of Didactics Books (PNLD) in what refers to citations of didactic resources (RD) and its job in the teaching-learning process. After the standardization of the concept of didactic resources, the materials cited in the selected books had been related and confectioned to verify their practicality. The Evaluation Fiche attached to the GUIDE was analyzed towards its demanding concerning indications of inserted didactic resources in books approved by PNLD. The analysis of books was carried through by means of the fulfilling of a bibliographical fiche for each of the 92 (ninety two) books object of the study. From these procedures other types of didactic resources not indicated by the books of the sample of the inquiry had been related and that consist in books not selected by the PNLD and in educational sites. The results of the inquiry demonstrate that: a) the presence of didactic resources in books elapses of the qualification and competence of its authors, once that as well as the concept as the requirement of RD are not clearly defined by the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) and by the PNLD and, b) the didactic book needs to offer to the professor, besides the content of quality, written in clear and precise language didactic resources, basic and complementary bibliography (for the professor and the pupil), orientations and suggestions of didactic activities (individually and in groups), as well as pedagogical procedures for the adaptation of the contents, activities and RD to the specific environments of learning and indications for the accompaniment of the progress of the pupil. / O estudo analisa os livros de Matemática relacionados no GUIA DE LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE MATEMÁTICA 2005 (5ª a 8ª séries do Ensino Fundamental) do Programa Nacional de Livros Didáticos (PNLD) no que se refere às citações de recursos didáticos (RD) e seu emprego no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Após a padronização do conceito de recursos didáticos, os materiais citados nos livros selecionados foram relacionados e confeccionados para verificar a praticidade dos mesmos. A Ficha de Avaliação anexa ao GUIA foi analisada quanto à exigência de indicações de recursos didáticos inseridos nos livros aprovados pelo PNLD. A análise dos livros foi realizada por meio do preenchimento de uma ficha bibliográfica para cada um dos 92 (noventa e dois) livros objeto do estudo. A partir desses procedimentos foram relacionados outros tipos de recursos didáticos não indicados pelos livros da amostra da investigação e que constam em livros não selecionados pelo PNLD e em sites educacionais. Os resultados da investigação demonstram que: a) a presença de recursos didáticos nos livros decorre da qualificação e competência de seus autores uma vez que tanto o conceito quanto a exigência de RD não são claramente definidos pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs) e pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) e, b) o livro didático necessita oferecer ao professor, além de conteúdo de qualidade, redigido em linguagem clara e precisa, recursos didáticos, bibliografia básica e complementar (para o professor e para o aluno), orientações e sugestões de atividades didáticas (individuais e em grupos), assim como procedimentos pedagógicos para adaptação dos conteúdos, atividades e RD a ambientes de aprendizagem específicos e indicações para o acompanhamento do progresso do aluno.

L'objectif principal de la thèse consiste à explorer des problématiques propres aux sciences sociales et à les étudier à l'aide d'outils issus du champ de la physique statistiques et des systèmes complexes. Le travail de la thèse s'est ainsi décliné sur trois grands sujets dont la problématique principale est la question de l'agrégation d'entités individuelles en une structure collective. Le premier sujet est centré sur un exemple paradigmatique de l'émergence d'un comportement collectif macroscopique inattendu à partir de règles individuelles simples: le modèle de ségrégation de Schelling. Nous avons notamment proposé une résolution analytique inédite de ce modèle et nous avons étudié analytiquement et via des simulations l'impact de différentes formes de coopération entre agents individuels sur le comportement collectif global. Cette thématique a été développée à la fois d'un point de vue économique et d'un point de vue physique. Le second sujet porte sur l'exploration de bases de données bibliométriques. Nous avons ainsi produit des 'cartes des sciences' représentant le champ des systèmes complexes (sa structure interne étant décrypté via une analyse des références utilisées par ~140000 articles) ou encore l'état de la recherche au sein d'un établissement tel que l'ENS de Lyon. Enfin, le troisième thème porte sur l'élaboration de modèles basés sur des outils des sciences 'dures' mais sociologiquement fondés. Nous présentons ainsi le processus d'élaboration d'un modèle construit avec une équipe de sociologues. Enfin, nous développons un modèle d'opinion répondant spécifiquement à une question: l'existence de structures qui durent à partir d'entités qui ne durent pas. / This thesis explores the problems raised by the aggregation of entities into a global, collective level, an old problem encountered in many fields of science. We work on three projects related to the aggregation problem in social systems, using tools derived from statistical physics, and more generally quantitative tools. The first project focus on a paradigmatic model of the emergence of puzzling macroscopic behavior from simple individual rules, Schelling's segregation model. We hence propose an analytical resolution of this model and we studied analytically and via simulations the effect of several forms of cooperation between individual agents on the collective behavior. These questions are tackled in a mutually beneficial way for both economics and physics. The second project is based on the exploration of huge databases on scientific literature. We hence produce several 'science maps' representing the fields of complex systems (its internal structure and coherence being analysed through the references used by ~140000 relevant articles) and the research carried out in a scientific institution such as the ENS de Lyon. Finally, the third project deals with the elaboration of models of social phenomena based on natural sciences tools but sociologically grounded. We hence present the elaboration process of a model built with a team of sociologists. We then propose an opinion model specifically designed to explore a single question: the existence of lasting structure from non lasting entities.

Cartas al editor

國立臺灣圖書館於2012年12月啟用「視障電子資源整合查詢系統」，為視障資源整合開啟合作的開端，為瞭解臺灣地區提供視障資源服務的公共圖書館、大學圖書館及私立視障機構間之資源分享意向，本研究採取質性研究方法，以立意選擇視障資源服務較具規模者，共12個單位，以訪談方式進行研究調查。最後提出4個面向的研究建議，作為相關機構訂定計畫及服務之參考。 研究結果分為三個面向分述如下： 一、我國視障資源書目採集中式聯合目錄方式提供 (一)視障電子資源整合查詢系統：對機構而言，可避免重覆購買及重覆 製作，但需考量製作書籍所產生的時間差問題。對讀者來說，增加 了搜尋館藏的途徑，但是在介面上需要更加親和。 (二)視障機構參與視障資源館藏書目共享的意向與困難 1.訪談的12所機構均表示願意參與書目共享和合作：認為書目共享已可 滿足視障者找尋資料的需求，以及各館都有共識不重覆製作及錄製書 籍。 2.整合所遭遇的困難，是技術層面、心理層面及對整合所抱持的期待的 問題。 (1)書目的提供能以API方式介接，而API的經費能獲得補助。 (2)資源少的館希望盡快成立合作組織增加服務資源。 (3)館藏多的單位要求績效與回饋。 二、資源共享與館際互借 (一)電子全文難以共享，需要單一認證機制；實體書借用以瞽者文件方 式進行較有效率。 (二)訂定合作組織的目標、意義、角色與功能。 三、視障資源合作共享模式的建立：書目資源採用集中式，服務採用分 散式，專責圖書館需建立輔導機制 (一)書目資源採用集中式，服務採用分散式較為可行。 (二)視障資源的製作與錄製有其專業性，盲用電腦的不斷發展，二者都 需要專責圖書館的輔導與支援。 / National Taiwan Library launched Visual Impairment Information System in December 2012 which started the integration of visual impairment resources. To realize the intension of resources sharing in the public libraries, university libraries and private organizations which have alternative formats materials available in Taiwan. The study adopt qualitative interview research method, and choose 12 units which provide services to visually impaired people with quite scale. The study gets results in three aspects: I. Bibliographies of visually impaired materials are offered by centralized union catalog. 1.Visual Impairment Information System: First, it can be not to buy and produce materials in duplicate with respect to organizations. But timing of producing alternative materials is still need to be considered. Second, there is another way to find materials, but the interface of the system should be more friendly with respect to readers. 2.The intensions and difficulties of sharing and cooperation of visually impaired organizations. (1)12 units have the same responses of willing to participate in the cooperation: The need can be satisfied with bibliographical sharing when visually impaired people find materials. Every organization has the same opinion not to produce and to record books in duplicate. (2)There are three aspects of difficulties of sharing and cooperation: systematic, mental and expectant difficulties. 1)Bibliographies can be connected and accessed by API program, and the library designate provides the cost of API program. 2)The organization with less resources hope to cooperate as soon as possible to increase resources for available. 3)The organization with rich resources demand for performance, achievement and feedback. II. Resources sharing and interlibrary loan 1.Electronic full-text materials are hard to share, and access the materials with single authentication. 2.Providing home delivery service of print materials in alternative formats and audio books will have been more efficient. 3.Formulate the goals, meanings, roles and functions of cooperated organizations. III. The model of sharing and cooperation in visually impaired resources 1.Centralized union catalog and distributed services are recommended. 2.Producing materials in alternative formats is professional. Blind-used computers are developing continuously. Library designate should give advice, assistance and supports.

The purpose of this research was to discover the impact of naming practices among North American Indians on name authority control. In order to address all the aspects, the main problem was divided into the following subproblems: 1. What are the naming practices among North American Indians? 2. Are North American Indian names found in the publication environment? 3. Is it necessary to standardize North American Indian names? 4. What are the authority control rules for North American Indian names and are they adequate? 5. How are North American Indian names presented in national authority files? North American Indian names showed three different forms: European, traditional, and mixed. Name sequences and name sets were also identified. If these name sequences and sets are found in the publication environment, provision should be made for the name forms in authority control systems. All of the sample North American Indian name forms (as well as names sets) were found in the identified academic texts, popular books, children’s books, and textbooks. So these forms and sequences had to either fit the current authority control system or the system would have to be modified to meet the new names. The thesis documented how Native American Indian name forms present specific problems of standardization. The necessity of addressing these problems was confirmed. The rules in two of the central authority control reference sources, AACR2R and Names of persons: national usages for entry in catalogues, were examined. Deficiencies were identified with regard to North American Indian names and changes suggested. Presentation of North American Indian names in national bibliographies was a final test to determine the impact of North American Indian names on name authority control. The forms of North American Indian names in the national bibliographies studied varied substantially, which is an indication of the lack of standardization of the names. / Thesis (DPhil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Information Science / unrestricted

This dissertation focuses on the data exchange bibliographic formats that have been used in the libraries since the 1960s. There have not been many changes over the decades although librarians have been calling for them. Since the beginning of the new millennium, there has been a growing pressure for change. The aim of this dissertation is to try to summarize the activities in this field and to outline possible future development. The formats used in the past and in the present are analysed in the first part. It is possible to predict the future development on the basis of the analysis of individual projects and on the basis of surveys. The results of the analysis suggest that these activities are headed to a linked data publication model that preserves the current cataloguing procedures. Keywords: exchange formats, bibliographic data, MARC format, MARC 21 format, linked data, BIBFRAME, Schema.org, cataloguing

Während Formal- und Sacherschließung in der angloamerikanischen Tradition als etwas Zusammengehöriges betrachtet werden, besteht im deutschen Bibliothekswesen eine klare, zumeist auch personelle Trennung zwischen den beiden Bereichen. Jüngere Entwicklungen der internationalen Standardisierung könnten hier zu einem Umdenken führen: Das theoretische Modell "Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records" (FRBR) hat eine neue Sicht auf das so genannte "bibliographische Universum" eingeläutet, das auch die Sacherschließung mit einbezieht. Auch "Resource Description and Access" (RDA), der Nachfolger von AACR2, versteht sich nicht mehr nur als ein Regelwerk für die Formalerschließung. Ganz konkrete Schritte für ein stärkeres Miteinander bringt das Projekt "Gemeinsame Normdatei" (GND) mit der Zusammenführung der Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD), der Personennamendatei (PND) und der Gemeinsamen Körperschaftsdate (GKD). Im Vortrag werden diese Entwicklungen näher beleuchtet und Überlegungen zu den damit verbundenen Chancen und Problemen angestellt.