Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-14T16:15:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evelyn de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 6056199 bytes, checksum: af631b615e5b34b3435e2b9dbad44431 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-14T16:33:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evelyn de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 6056199 bytes, checksum: af631b615e5b34b3435e2b9dbad44431 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-14T16:33:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evelyn de Oliveira - 2016.pdf: 6056199 bytes, checksum: af631b615e5b34b3435e2b9dbad44431 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), wild mammal belonging to the superorder of Xenarthras, who originally inhabited Central and South America. It is currently classified as a vulnerable species, primarily due to deforestation, fires and running over accidents. The absence of reference values for laboratory tests increases the difficulty to assess these animals, especially due to the raising number of attendances in veterinary care institutions. Given the importance of such data, the aim of this study was to establish hematological, biochemical and electrophoretic parameters for captive giant anteaters as well to know which are the effects of storage conditions in hematologic samples with two different concentrations of anticoagulants. Therefore, we used 12 clinically healthy captive animals. The samples were collected from the jugular vein into appropriate blood tubes. The blood analysis was carried out immediately after colletion and in others two different times to check the storage effects (M0 - immediate analysis, M2 - 24 hours after collection, M3 - 48 hours post-collection). Biochemical analysis was performed a week after the harvest. Electrophoresis was carried out in agarose gel support. The mean and standard deviation of haematological variables of samples processed soon after harvest were: RBC (2.07 x 106/uL ± 0.40); packed cell volume (38.08 % ± 5.93); hemoglobin (11.33 g/dL ± 2.15); VCM (186.52 fL ± 21.72); MCHC (29.68 g/dL ± 2.56); MCH (55.08 pcg ± 5.94); total leukocytes (8142/uL ± 2,441); neutrophils (5913/uL ± 2168); lymphocytes (1460/uL ± 740); eosinophils (522/uL ± 385); monocytes (247/uL ± 176); platelets (123.458/uL ± 31.362) and total plasma proteins (6.23 g/dL ± 0.49). The mean and standard deviation corresponding to biochemical analysis was: albumin (3.29 g/dL ± 0.33); ALT (15.49 IU/L ± 7.98); amylase (1037.92 IU/L ± 149.04); AST (21.12 IU/L ± 7.50); total cholesterol (62.79 mg/dL ± 20.08); HDL cholesterol (14.73 mg/dL ± 4.98); LDL cholesterol (26.60 mg/dL ± 11.05); VLDL cholesterol (2.14 mg/dL ± 1.06); CK (111.61 IU/L ± 70.16); creatinine (1.05 mg/dL ± 0.37); iron (194.64 µg/dL ± 81.17); GGT (65.18 IU/L ± 54.57); glucose (103.71 mg/dL ± 29.63); globulins (2.76 g/dl ± 0.36); lipase (28.80 IU/L ± 5.11); PST (6.05 g/dL ± 0.56); triglycerides (10.71 mg/dL ± 5.29); urea (53.46 mg/dL ± 18.28). The results of the electrophoresis led to six protein bands which are classified as albumin (2.60 g/dL ± 0.33), alpha-1 (0.33 g/dL ± 0.07), alpha-2 (0, 50 g/dL ± 0.17), beta 1 (0.62 g/dL ± 0.17), beta 2 (1.50 g/dL ± 0.25) and gamma (1.88 g/dL ± 0.30). Therefore, we conclude that there are physiological changes in hematological and biochemical parameters of giant anteaters from different biomes. In these animals the electrophoretic pattern of the technique in agarose gel are six protein bands and the percentage of albumin is greater than the other fractions. This suggests that extrinsic factors such as climate, nutrition and management can affect these variables. Therefore, the results presented in this work can be used as laboratory parameters of healthiness in cerrado captive giant anteaters. / O tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), mamífero silvestre pertencente à superordem dos Xenarthras, é originário das Américas Central e do Sul. Atualmente, está classificado como espécie vulnerável, devido principalmente ao desmatamento, queimadas e atropelamento. A ausência de valores de referência para exames laboratoriais dificulta a avaliação desses animais, especialmente devido ao aumento na casuística de atendimento dessa espécie em instituições veterinárias. Dada à importância de tais dados, objetivou-se com este estudo estabelecer parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos e eletroforéticos para tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro do cerrado, bem como, saber quais os efeitos de estocagem nas amostras hematológicas nessa espécie em duas concentrações distintas de anticoagulante. Para isso, foram utilizados 12 animais de cativeiro clinicamente saudáveis. O sangue foi colhido da jugular e armazenado em tubos apropriados para cada tipo de exame. Os hemogramas foram realizados logo após as colheitas e em outros dois diferentes momentos para verificação dos efeitos de estocagem (M0 – análise imediata, M2 – 24 horas pós-colheita, M3 – 48 horas pós-colheita). As análises bioquímicas foram executadas uma semana após as colheitas. A eletroforese foi feita no suporte de gel de agarose. A média e o desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas das amostras processadas logo após a colheita foram: hemácias (2,07 x106/µL ± 0,40); volume globular (38,08 % ± 5,93); hemoglobina (11,33 g/dL ± 2,15); VCM (186,52 fL ± 21,72); CHCM (29,68 g/dL ± 2,56); HCM (55,08 pcg ± 5,94); leucócitos totais (8.142/µL ± 2.441); neutrófilos (5.913/µL ± 2.168); linfócitos (1.460/µL ± 740); eosinófilos (522/µL ± 385); monócitos (247/µL ± 176); plaquetas (123.458/µL ± 31.362) e proteínas plasmáticas totais (6,23 g/dL ± 0,49). As médias e o desvio padrão correspondentes às análises bioquímicas foram: albumina (3,29 g/dL ± 0,33); ALT (15,49 UI/L ± 7,98); amilase (1037,92 UI/L ± 149,04); AST (21,12 UI/L ± 7,50); colesterol total (62,79 mg/dL ± 20,08); colesterol HDL (14,73 mg/dL ± 4,98); colesterol LDL (26,60 mg/dL ± 11,05); colesterol VLDL (2,14 mg/dL ± 1,06); CK (111,61 UI/L ± 70,16); creatinina (1,05 mg/dL ± 0,37); ferro (194,64 µg/dL ± 81,17); GGT (65,18 UI/L ± 54,57); glicose (103,71 mg/dL ± 29,63); globulinas (2,76 g/dL ± 0,36); lipase (28,80 UI/L ± 5,11); PST (6,05 g/dL ± 0,56); triglicerídeos (10,71 mg/dL ± 5,29); ureia (53,46 mg/dL ± 18,28). Os resultados da eletroforese permitiram o fracionamento de seis bandas proteicas, classificadas como albumina (2,60 g/dL ± 0,33), alfa-1 (0,33 g/dL ± 0,07), alfa-2 (0,50 g/dL ± 0,17), beta-1 (0,62 g/dL ± 0,17), beta-2 (1,50 g/dL ± 0,25) e gama (1,88 g/dL ± 0,30). Portanto, é possível concluir que existem variações fisiológicas dos parâmetros hematológicos e bioquímicos tamanduás-bandeiras de biomas diferentes. Nestes animais, o padrão eletroforético em gel de agarose são seis bandas proteicas e a porcentagem de albumina é a maior delas. Este fato sugere que fatores extrínsecos como o clima, a nutrição e o manejo possam interferir nessas variáveis. Por isso, propor valores de referências obtidos de espécies análogas é necessário. Os resultados apresentados pelo presente trabalho podem ser utilizados como parâmetros laboratoriais de higidez em tamanduás-bandeiras de cativeiro do cerrado

Submitted by Neusa Fagundes (neusa.fagundes@unioeste.br) on 2018-03-06T13:43:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Denise_Indras2017.pdf: 1849754 bytes, checksum: 50210fe1707e46e56182c87ddece4b5c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-06T13:43:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Denise_Indras2017.pdf: 1849754 bytes, checksum: 50210fe1707e46e56182c87ddece4b5c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The popular use of medicinal plants are common practices and among them is a bottle, a multiple plant base product, which promises to cure various diseases. Many animal studies show in hepatic, renal enzymes and our hematological parameters after administration of plant extracts. The objective of this study was to verify a correlation between the use of multiple medicinal plants with hepatic, renal and hematological found in a patient that made use of bottle, composed of echinacea, graviola, ipé purple, sucupira and cat's claw. The bottle has 4.32 mg.mL-1 of alcohol. Pharmacological and UV/Scan tests were performed, showing some classes of secondary metabolites in plant and bottle species. A bioassay was performed with Artemia salina, and a bottle had mortality up to a concentration of 0.1 mg.mL-1. Cytotoxic effects on erythrocytes revealed hemolytic activity for echinacea, graviola, purple ipe and sucupira. The Escherichia coli test showed sensitivity to graviola, purple ipe, sucupira and cat's claw. In vivo experiment using mice. Two treatments were performed, single dose and 30 days, administering water, alcohol and bottle by gavage. Biochemical, coagulation, hematological and histopathological parameters were evaluated. In the single dose treatment were alterations of uric acid, cholesterol, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, iron and glucose (p<0.05). Already in the treatment of 30 days were alterations of uric acid, total and indirect bilirubins, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, glucose, triglycerides, red blood cells and leukocytes (p<0.05), beyond hepatic sinusoidal dilatation. The data showed that the alcohol present in the bottle can alter biochemical, hematological parameters and cause liver damage in rats. The bottle, although not showing alterations in important biochemical and hematological parameters, but had more pronounced hepatic histopathological alterations. / O uso popular de plantas medicinais são práticas comuns e entre elas está a garrafada, produto a base de múltiplas plantas, que promete curar várias doenças. Muitos estudos com animais mostram alterações em enzimas hepáticas, renais e nos parâmetros hematológicos após administração de extratos vegetais. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a correlação entre o uso de múltiplas plantas medicinais com as alterações hepáticas, renais e hematológicas encontradas em um paciente que fez uso de garrafada, composta por equinácea, graviola, ipê roxo, sucupira e unha de gato. A garrafada possui 4,32 mg.mL-1 de álcool. Foram realizados testes farmacognósticos e UV/Varredura, mostrando algumas classes de metabólitos secundários nas espécies vegetais e na garrafada. Foi realizado bioensaio com Artemia salina, e a garrafada teve mortalidade até a concentração de 0,1 mg.mL-1. Efeitos citotóxicos em eritrócitos revelaram atividade hemolítica para equinácea, graviola, ipê roxo e sucupira. O teste com Escherichia coli mostrou sensibilidade para graviola, ipê roxo, sucupira e unha de gato. No experimento in vivo utilizando ratos Wistar foram realizados dois tratamentos, dose única e 30 dias, administrando água, álcool e garrafada por gavagem. Foram avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos, de coagulação, hematológicos e histopatológicos. No tratamento com dose única foram encontradas alterações de ácido úrico, colesterol, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, ferro e glicose (p<0,05). Já no tratamento de 30 dias foram encontradas alterações de ácido úrico, bilirubinas total e indireta, creatinina, fosfatase alcalina, glicose, triglicerídeos, hemácias e leucócitos (p<0,05), além de dilatação sinusoidal hepática. Os dados mostraram que o álcool presente na garrafada pode alterar parâmetros bioquímicos, hematológicos e causar danos ao fígado de ratos. A garrafada, apesar de não mostrar alterações em parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos importantes, teve alterações histopatológicas hepáticas mais pronunciadas.

L’objectif de cette étude a été d’évaluer l’effet du remplacement total ou partiel du maïs d’une ration alimentaire standard (MS) sur les performances de croissance, le pH ruminal et les paramètres biochimiques sanguins chez les veaux de grain de race Holstein. Quatre groupes de 80 veaux ont été répartisen32 parcs (10 veaux/parc) et ont été assignés au hasard à quatre rations alimentaires. Les rations alimentaires ont été: la ration standard qui est constituée de maïs et un supplément protéique à 43,6% de protéine brute (MS);une ration réduite de maïs, avec tourteau de canola et de drèche de distillerie de maïs avec soluble (MCD); une ration réduite de maïs, avec supplément protéique à 43,6% de protéine brute et de drèche de distillerie de maïs avec soluble (MSD); et finalement une ration d’orge roulé, de tourteau de canola et de drèche de distillerie de maïs avec soluble (OCD). Les rations alimentaires ont été formulées selon une phase de démarrage P1 (j0 à j54), une de croissance P2 (j55 à j85) et une de finition P3 (j86 à j96). Un groupe additionnel de 5 veaux contrôle (CT), a reçu une ration alimentaire non acidogène à base de fourrage et de concentré. Notons qu’avant le début des traitements alimentaires au j0, sauf CT, les veaux ont reçu une ration d’adaptation contenant du maïs et de l’orge (50-50) et un supplément protéique pendant 20j. Les gains moyens quotidiens (GMQ) ont été similaires aux périodes P1 (0j-j27, j28-j54) et P2 (j55-j85), mais à la période P3 (j86-j96), le GMQ de la ration OCD a été plus grand que ceux dans les autres rations (p<0.001). Le rendement carcasse des veaux abattus au poids vifs d’environ 267 kg, de la ration OCD a été plus petit que ceux des rations MS et MSD (p<0.002). La matière sèche ingérée (MSI) a diminué pour le groupe MSD au j96, comparée à celles des groupes MS et BCD (p<0.001). Cependant, les rations alimentaires n’ont pas eu d’effet sur le poids vif des veaux. Les durées moyennes en dessous du pH ruminal de 5.6 (DpH5.6 en h.j.-1) du j68 au j85 (P2) ont été similaires pour les groupes CT et OCD (p=0.09) et plus petites (p<0.001) que celles des groupes du MS, MCD et MSD. Pendant la phase P3, les DpH5.6 des groupes de MS, MCD et MSD, ont été similaires (p>0.83), mais plus grandes que celle du groupe de OCD (p<0.0001). Les DpH5.6 n’ont pas eu d’effet sur les GMQ. Aux j68 et j96, les rations alimentaires n’ont pas eu d’effet sur la L-lactate (p > 0.05), le pH sanguin (p > 0.001; non significatif après l’ajustement de Bonferroni :NSAB) et le trou anionique (p > 0.009; NSAB). La PCO2 des animaux du groupe MS a été plus grande que celle du groupe CT (p = 0.0003). Au j68, HCO3 - du groupe CT a été plus grande que celle du groupe MCD (p = 0.0008). Les traitements alimentaires n’ont pas d’effets sur la lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) aux j0 et j68. Au j96, la LBP du groupe CT a été plus petite que celle du groupe MS et MCD (p=0.001). Les diètes n’ont pas d’effets significatifs sur les épithéliums et les lamina propria du rumen (p0>0.37), ainsi que sur les abcès du foie (p=0.80). Le remplacement total du maïs par l’orge roulé, la drêche de distillerie de maïs avec soluble et le tourteau de canola amélioré le GMQ en phase de finition, a amélioré le pH du rumen, le rapprochant du pH ruminal physiologique, n’a pas modifié les paramètres biochimiques sanguins qui ont été mesurés et a diminué le rendement carcasse moyen de 1,1%. / The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of partial or total replacement of corn in standard diet (MS) on growth performances, ruminal pH, and blood biochemical parameters in grain-fed calves. Four groups of 80 calves housed in 32 pens (10 calves/pen), were randomly assigned to four diets consisting of standard diet with corn and protein supplement (MS); reduced corn, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MCD); reduced corn, protein supplement and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (MSD), and rolled barley, canola meal and dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble diet (BCD). All diets were fed for 96 days and formulated according to starting (d0 to d54), growing (d55 to d85) and finishing phases (d86 to d96). Additional group of five calves fed a non-acidogenic control diet (CT) containing 1.4 kg of concentrate and grass hay ad libitum. Dry matter intake (DMI) was depressed in MSD at d96, compared to MS and BCD (p<0.001), however diets had no effects on BW. At d27, d54, and d85 average daily gains (ADGs) were similar, however at d96 they were greater in BCD (p<0.001) than in the other groups. Calves were slaughtered at approximately 267 Kg live weight and carcass yields in BCD were lower than that in MS and MSD (p<0.002). Durations of ruminal pH below 5.6 (DpH5.6) from d68 to d85 (P2) were similar in CT and BCD (p=0.09), and lower (p<0.001) than MS, MCD, and MSD. From d85 to d96 (P3), DpH5.6 in CT was lower (p<0.0001) than BCD. DpH5.6 in MS, MCD, and MSD diets were similar (p>0.83), and greater than that in BCD (p<0.0001). DpH5.6 had no significant effect on ADGs. At d68 and d96, the dietary treatments had no effect on L-lactate (p > 0.05), blood pH (p > 0.001; not significant after Bonferroni adjustement NSBA), and AnGap (p>0.009; NSBA). Dietary treatments had no effects on LBP at d0 and d68. At d96, LBP in CT was smaller than that of MS and MCD (p=0.001). Diets had no significant effects on epithelium and lamina propria (p=0>0.37), and liver abscess (p=0.80). Partial replacement of corn by dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble and/or Canola meal allowed a similar level of growth performances, did not decrease duration of acidic ruminal pH, and did not affect blood biochemical parameters. Total replacement of corn by rolled barley, dried distiller’s corn grain with soluble, and canola meal decreased duration of ruminal pH below 5.6, improved ADG at the finishing phase and did not affect blood biochemical parameters but slightly reduced carcass yield

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the optimum addition level of arginine and the relationship of antagonism between amino acids arginine and lysine in diets for juvenile south brazilin catfish (Rhamdia quelen) for variables that were studied live performance, composition and nutrient retention, biochemical parameters , liver and digestive. The first trial lasted 45 days, was conducted in the fish farming Laboratory of Federal University of Santa Maria, in water recirculation system, using 24 280 l tanks, each equipped with two experimental units (cages with useful volume of 15 l), each unit was populated with 12 fish (initial weight of 2.00 ± 0.04 g). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of two for six, and to 4.5% and 5.1% lysine were used following arginine levels: 2.5, 3.0, 3.6, 4, 3, 5.0 and 5.6%, totaling 12 treatments with 4 replicates. The second experiment lasted 49 days, following the same methodology as the first varying levels of inclusions arginine, lysine content keeping fixed at 6.65% of the protein fraction, testing six increasing levels of arginine: 4.20, 4.65, 5.0, 5.35, 5.65 and 6.00% each with four replications. Each unit was populated with 15 fish (mean weight 0.3 ± 3.00 g). In the first study based on the results obtained by polynomial regression equations, we conclude that the combination of 5.1% to 4.6% lysine with arginine provided better performance associated with greater carcass yield and lower body fat deposition. The second study that remained fixed in 6.65% lysine (protein), found better response to the inclusion of 5.8% arginine in the protein fraction of the diet. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível ótimo de inclusão de arginina e a relação de antagonismo entre os aminoácidos lisina e arginina em dietas para juvenis de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), e para isso foram estudadas variáveis de desempenho zootécnico, composição e retenção de nutrientes, parâmetros bioquímicos, hepáticos e digestivos. O primeiro experimento teve duração de 45 dias, foi conduzido no Laboratório de Piscicultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em sistema de recirculação de água, utilizando-se 24 tanques de 280 L, cada qual equipado com duas unidades experimentais (tanques-rede com volume útil de 15 L), cada unidade foi povoada com 12 peixes (peso inicial de 2,00 ± 0,04 g). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial dois por seis, sendo que para 4,5% e 5,1% de lisina foram utilizados os seguintes níveis de arginina: 2,5, 3,0, 3,6, 4,3, 5,0 e 5,6% (da fração proteica), totalizando 12 tratamentos com 4 repetições. O segundo experimento teve duração de 49 dias, seguindo a mesma metodologia do primeiro variando os níveis de inclusões de arginina e mantendo o teor de lisina fixo em 6,65% da fração proteica, testando seis níveis crescentes de arginina: 4,20, 4,65, 5,0, 5,35, 5,65 e 6,00% cada um com 4 repetições. Cada unidade foi povoada com 15 peixes (peso médio 3,00±0,3 g). No primeiro estudo com base nos resultados obtidos pelas equações de regressão polinomial, concluímos que a combinação de 5,1% de lisina com 4,6% de arginina proporcionou melhor desempenho associado a maior rendimento de carcaça e menor deposição de gordura corporal. Já o segundo estudo que manteve lisina fixa em 6,65% (proteína), encontrou-se melhor resposta à inclusão de arginina em 5,8% da fração proteica das dietas.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work investigated the effect of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) sessions under bodyweight, food intake and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats fed normo fat (NF) and high fat (HF) diets. Forty rats were divided in two groups, which were fed a NF or a HF diet. Afterwards the rats were subdivided in four groups and submitted to intermittent hypoxia (IH) or normoxia (N) sessions for 30 days. Groups formed: NF/N, NF/IH, HF/N and HF/IH. The groups submitted to IHT followed this protocol: 15 minutes hypoxia, 10-15% inspired O2 and 5 minutes for reoxigenation). Sham group was exposed to the same conditions but with normal O2 concentrations (21%). Bodyweight and food intake were measured every two days. The rats were anesthetized on day 31 and the blood was sampled by cardiac punction for analyses. The biochemical parameters analyzed were: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density cholesterol (HDL), glucose, lactate dehidrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and muscle and hepatic glycogen. In regard to diets, the HF group promoted the biggest weight gain just in normoxia groups.The food intake decrease significantly in HF/IH subgroup compared to HF/N. Although the average of the corporal weight did not decrease significantly, the differences in percentages had shown a reduction in HF/IH subgroup. In the profile biochemist, the IHT only modified the LDH, increasing it in NF subgroup and the AST, diminishing it in HF subgroup. Our findings allow to suggest that the IHT can have a promising role in the prevention of the obesity and more studies are needed to evaluate its effect in the prevention/treatment of other diseases. / Este trabalho investigou o efeito de sessões de treinamento hipóxico intermitente (THI) sobre o peso corporal, consumo calórico e variáveis bioquímicas em ratos Wistar alimentados com dieta padrão (DP) ou dieta hipercalórica (DH). Quarenta ratos foram divididos em dois grupos e alimentados com DP ou DH. Na seqüência foram subdivididos em quatro grupos e submetidos às sessões de hipóxia intermitente (HI) ou normóxia (N) por 30 dias. Os grupos formados foram: DP/N, DP/HI, DH/N e DH/IH. Os grupos submetidos ao THI seguiram o seguinte protocolo: 15 minutos de hipóxia com a concentração de O2 inspirado variando entre 10 a 15% e 5 minutos para reoxigenação. Os grupos normóxia foram expostos às mesmas condições, porém com concentrações normais de O2 (21%). O peso corporal e o consumo de ração foram avaliados a cada dois dias. No dia 31, os animais foram anestesiados e o sangue foi coletado por punção cardíaca. As variáveis bioquímicas analisadas foram: colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), glicose, lactato desidrogenase (LDH), alanina aminotransferase (ALT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), glicogênio muscular e hepático. Com relação às dietas, a DH promoveu maior ganho de peso somente nos grupos em normoxia. A ingesta calórica diminuiu significativamente no subgrupo DH/HI. Embora a média do peso corporal não tenha diminuído significativamente, as diferenças em percentagens mostraram uma redução no subgrupo DH/HI. No perfil bioquímico, o THI alterou somente a LDH, aumentando-a no subgrupo DP e a AST, diminuindo-a no subgrupo DH. Nossos achados permitem sugerir que o THI pode ter um papel promissor na prevenção da obesidade e mais estudos são necessários para avaliar seus efeitos na prevenção/tratamento de outras patologias.

The objective of this study was to verify survival and growth of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fingerlings in different concentrations of dissolved oxygen, as well as its effect on glycogen, glucose, and protein in the liver, kidney, and muscle and activity of the hepatic catalase. In the first experiment 10 fingerlings were used (2.23 ± 0.13 g) in each experimental unit (2 liters) for determination of the lethal concentration (LC-50) in 96 hours for dissolved oxygen. Fingerlings were exposed to 0.40 ± 0.05, 0.76 ± 0.07, 1.04 ± 0.14, and 1.68 ± 0.32 mg/L of dissolved oxygen (three replicates per treatment). In the second experiment 10 fingerlings (4.99 ± 0.18 g) were used for experimental unit (40 liters), and were exposed to 1.96 ± 0.08, 3.10 ± 0.10, 4.14 ± 0.09, 5.20 ± 0.07, and 6.16 ± 0.03 mg/L of dissolved oxygen (three replicates per treatment) for 30 days. LC50 was 0.52 mg/L (confidence interval 0.42 - 0.61). In the growth experiment positive correlation was observed between dissolved oxygen and standard length, weight, specific growth rate, and biomass, and negative correlation for food conversion and catalase. Levels of hepatic glycogen reduced with the increase of oxygen levels. Glucose and the lactate showed variable levels. In the muscular tissue, glicogen levels decreased with the increase of oxygen concentration and glucose and lactate presented variations in the different treatments. There was no significant difference among treatments in the renal glycogen levels, either protein levels of the studied tissues. The best oxygen level for development of silver catfish is above 4.3 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a sobrevivência e o crescimento de alevinos de jundiá (Rhamdia quelen) em diferentes concentrações de oxigênio dissolvido, bem como o seu efeito nos níveis de glicogênio, glicose, proteína no fígado, rim, músculo e a atividade da catalase hepática. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados 10 alevinos (2,23 ± 0,13 g) por unidade experimental (2 litros) para determinação da concentração letal (CL-50) em 96 horas para oxigênio dissolvido. Foram expostos a 0,40 ± 0,05; 0,76 ± 0,07; 1,04 ± 0,14 e 1,68 ±0,32 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido (três repetições por tratamento). No segundo experimento 10 alevinos (4,99 ± 0,18 g) por unidade experimental (40 litros) foram expostos a 1,96 ± 0,08; 3,10 ± 0,10; 4,14 ± 0,09; 5,20 ± 0,07 e 6,16 ± 0,03 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido (três repetições por tratamento) por 30 dias. A CL50 foi 0,52 mg/L (intervalo de confiança 0,42 - 0,61). No experimento de crescimento observou-se correlação positiva entre oxigênio dissolvido e comprimento padrão, peso, taxa de crescimento específico, biomassa e correlação negativa na conversão alimentar e catalase. Os níveis de glicogênio hepático apresentaram redução com o aumento da concentração de oxigênio. A glicose e o lactato apresentaram níveis variados. No tecido muscular, os níveis de glicogênio diminuíram com o aumento da concentração de oxigênio e a glicose e lactato apresentaram variações nos diferentes tratamentos. No tecido renal não foi observada diferença no conteúdo de glicogênio. As proteínas do tecido hepático, muscular e renal não apresentaram variações entre os tratamentos. A faixa ideal para o desenvolvimento de alevinos de jundiá é acima de 4,3 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PatriciaBBMB.pdf: 749567 bytes, checksum: e355ba98f4fd47889fd16327a3ca1f09 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / American visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonosis caused by Leishmania infantum and transmitted by the bite of the sand flies Lutzomia longipalpis.The main domestic reservoir is the dog, while foxes and opposums are the known wild reservoirs. However, identification of natural infections with L. infantum in rodents appears for need of investigating the participation of these rodents how source of infection of the parasite. In the present work the Leishmania infantum infection was investigated in rodents captured in Rio Grande do Norte, aiming at to offer subsidies to the understanding of the epidemic chains of LVA in the State. Thirteen Galea spixii were distributed in four groups, being G1 the group control with four animals and the others, G2, G3 and G4, with three animals each. Those animals were intraperitoneally inoculated with 107 promastigotas of L. infantum and accompanied for, respectively, 30, 90 and 180 days. Weekly the animals were monitored as for the corporal weight and rectal temperature. At the end of each stipulated period the animals were killed. Blood were used for determination of the parameters biochemical and haematological, PCR, ELISA, microscopic examination and cultivation in NNN medium. Liver, spleen and lymph node were used in Giemsa-stained impression and cultivation in NNN medium. Liver and spleen fragments were still used in PCR and histopathological, respectively. At the same time 79 rodents of the species Rattus rattus, Bolomys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys nigripis, Oryzomys subflavus and Trichomys apereoides were captured in the Municipal districts of Brejinho, Campo Grande, Coronel Ezequiel, Passa e Fica and V?zea for identification of natural infection with L. infantum. Evidence of infection was checked by direct examination of Giemsa-stained impression of liver, spleen and blood and culture of these tissues in NNN medium. Antibodies were researched by ELISA. They were not found differences among the weigh corporal final, rectal temperature and biochemical and haematological parameters of the Galea spixii controls and infected. The rectal temperature of the animals varied from 36OC to 40OC. For the first time values of the haematocrit (33,6% to 42,8%), hemoglobin (10,2 to 14,5g/dl), erythrocyts number (4,67x106 to 6,90x106/mm3), total leukocytes (0,9x103 to 9,2x103/mm3), platelets (49x103 to 509x103/mm3) total proteins (1,56 to 6,06 g/dl), albumin (1,34 to 3,05 g/dl) and globulins (0,20 to 3,01 g/dl) of the Galea spixii were determined. The lymphocytes were the most abundant leucocytes. Infection for L. infantum was diagnosed in two animals euthanasied 180 days after the infection. In one of the animals was also identified antibodies anti-Leishmania. The parasite was not found in none of the five other species of rodents captured. Galea spixii are resistant to the infection for L. infantum and they are not good models for the study for visceral leishmaniose, although they can act as infection sources. More studies are necessary to determine the paper of the rodents in the epidemic chain of transmission of the visceral leishmaniose in the State of Rio Grande do Norte / A leishmaniose visceral americana ? uma zoonose causada pelo parasita Leishmania infantum e transmitida pela picada do fleb?tomo Lutzomya longipalpis. O c?o ? o principal reservat?rio dom?stico, enquanto que raposas e gamb?s s?o os reservat?rios silvestres conhecidos. No entanto, a identifica??o de infec??es naturais com L. infantum em roedores aponta para a necessidade de se investigar a participa??o destes animais como fonte de infec??o do parasita para os insetos vetores. No presente trabalho investigou-se a infec??o com parasita Leishmania infantum em roedores capturados no Rio Grande do Norte, objetivando oferecer subs?dios ? compreens?o das cadeias epidemiol?gicas da LVA no Estado. Treze pre?s da esp?cie Galea spixii foram distribu?dos em quatro grupos, sendo G1 o grupo controle com quatro animais e os demais, G2, G3 e G4, com tr?s animais cada. Esses animais foram inoculados por via intraperitonial com 107 promastigotas de L. infantum e acompanhados por, respectivamente, 30, 90 e 180 dias. Semanalmente os animais foram monitorados quanto ao peso corporal e temperatura retal. Ao final de cada per?odo estipulado os animais foram eutanasiados. O sangue colhido foi utilizado na determina??o dos par?metros bioqu?micos e hematol?gicos, PCR, ELISA, confec??o de esfrega?o sangu?neo e cultivo em meio NNN. Fragmentos de f?gado, ba?o e linfonodos foram utilizados para confec??o de l?minas por aposi??o e cultivo em meio NNN. Fragmentos de f?gado e ba?o foram ainda utilizados para realiza??o de PCR e histopatol?gico, respectivamente. Concomitantemente 79 roedores das esp?cies Rattus rattus,Bolomys lasiurus, Oligoryzomys nigripis, Oryzomys subflavus e Trichomys apereoides foram capturados nos Munic?pios de Brejinho, Campo Grande, Coronel Ezequiel, Passa e Fica e V?rzea para identifica??o de infec??o natural por L. infantum. O diagn?stico da infec??o nos animais foi realizado pelo exame direto das impress?es coradas com Giemsa e cultura em meio NNN de f?gado, ba?o e sangue. N?o foram encontradas diferen?as no o ganho de peso total, temperatura retal e par?metros bioqu?micos e hematol?gicos dos pre?s controles e infectados. A temperatura retal variou entre 36OC e 40OC. Pela primeira vez foram determinados os valores do hemat?crito (33,6% a 42,8%), hemoglobina (10,2 a 14,5g/dl), n?mero de eritr?citos (4,67x106 a 6,90x106/mm3), leuc?citos totais (0,9x103 a 9,2x103/mm3), plaquetas (49x103 a 509x103/mm3), prote?nas totais (1,56 a 6,06 g/dl), albumina (1,34 a 3,05 g/dl) e globulinas (0,20 a 3,01 g/dl) nesta esp?cie. Os linf?citos foram os leuc?citos mais abundantes. Infec??o por L. infantum foi diagnosticada em dois animais eutanasiados aos 180 dias, sendo que em um desses tamb?m foram identificados anticorpos contra o parasita. N?o foi observada positividade em nenhuma das cinco outras esp?cies de roedores capturadas. A esp?cie Galea spixii ? resistente ? infec??o por L. infantum e, portanto, n?o ? bom modelo para o estudo da leishmaniose visceral, embora possam atuar como fontes de infec??o. Mais estudos s?o necess?rios para que se possa determinar o papel dos roedores na cadeia epidemiol?gica da leishmaniose visceral no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

The aim of this thesis was to assess the effects of long-term nitrite exposure on mortality, growth rate and blood biochemistry in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Furthermore, acute toxicity tests with nitrite were performed on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and sheatfish (Silurus glanis). The theoretical part focuses on aquatic toxicology including toxicity evaluation of substances and preparations for water organisms. Detailed information on nitrite are summarized there, namely information on nitrite occurrence and sources in aquatic environment and the mechanism of their uptake and toxic influence on fish including factors influencing their toxicity. The practical part consists of methodology and results of acute toxicity tests on rainbow trout and sheatfish and sub-chronic test on rainbow trout. According to the acute toxicity tests results, 96hLC50 values were estimated at 11.2 mg.l-1 NO2- for rainbow trout and 15.3 mg.l-1 NO2- for sheatfish. Sub-chronic exposure of rainbow trout to nitrite concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 3.0 mg.l-1 lasting 28 days caused an increase of glucose concentration and a decrease of potassium concentration in the blood plasma among all experimental fish compared to control. Elevated nitrite levels were found in the plasma of the fish exposed to concentrations of 0.6 mg.l-1 NO2- and greater. The plasma nitrite levels did not reach those applied in any experimental group in the present study. At highest nitrite concentration (3.0 mg.l-1 NO2-), 42 % growth inhibition and 65 % mortality among fish was noticed. On the basis of growth rate inhibition data, the values of NOEC and LOEC were estimated at 0.01 mg.l-1 and 0.2 mg.l-1 NO2-, respectively.

Title: Evaluation of red blood count and biochemical parameters in elite runners - a case study Aims: The main goal of this work is to determine the dynamics of biochemical parameters and red blood count in relation to the individual phases of year training cycle in two elite runners on medium and long distances. The second goal is to examine the data with the intention of discovering the character of the trend of individual parameters in terms of four seasonal testing for each of the probands. Methods of work: he method of content analysis of record sheets related to red blood count (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW) and biochemical parameters (iron, transferrin, ferritin, iron saturation of transferrin) was used to develop the work. These sheets were provided to me by the coach of both probands. The provided data were recorded in tables which were the basis for the graphs in the final part of the work. The graphs were used to monitor the fluctuation of the values of individual parameters with respect to the RTC of each season, and possible mutual relations in the variability of these parameters were sought. The long-term trend was also examined in terms of the dynamics of the parameters. Results: The measured values of individual parameters of the athletes studied by me are in the range of...

Surface water pollution is prevalent in numerous areas of central Roodepoort mainly due to gold mining activities. The surface water quality for the Bosmontspruit, Russell’s Stream and the New Canada Dam was assessed from October 2010 to March 2011. Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the water were determined for 8 monitoring points and the results obtained were compared with the In-stream water quality guidelines for the Klip River catchment and the South African Water Quality Guidelines. A trend noticed throughout the sampling period was the non-compliance in the levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) and dissolved oxygen. The results indicated that concentrations of iron, aluminium, nickel, manganese and potassium were above the limit across the Bosmontspruit and Russell’s stream. There was also significant evidence of excessive faecal coliform and ammonium pollution in the Bosmontspruit. During the monitoring period it was noted that water from these streams were utilised for crop irrigation, bathing, livestock and human consumption and may pose a health hazard due to poor water quality. / Environmental Sciences / M.Sc. (Environmental Science)