Esta pesquisa é focada nos Estudos da Tradução, em diálogo, sobretudo, com filosofias e pensares africanos, europeus, latino-americanos e diaspóricos. A partir da tradução do livro de Bunseki Fu-Kiau -- Cosmologia africana dos bantu-kongo: princípios de vida e vivência --, escrito em inglês, para a língua-cultura (luso)brasileira, foi reconhecida a centralidade das sentenças em linguagem proverbial (kingana), originalmente, apresentadas pelo autor de modo bilíngue (kikongo - inglês). A análise tradutória concentrou-se em tais sentenças, e aspectos fulcrais do pensamento bantu-kongo precisaram somar-se à análise em torno do traduzir, para que se pensasse o seu processo, efetivamente, como interação. Princípios filosóficoculturais tais como o do cosmograma kongo (Dikenga dia Kongo), minika ye minienie (ondas e radiações) e o princípio V são alguns dos vetores relevantes para se pensar o sistema bantukongo, bem como para nele entrar por meio da tradução. A acepção de uma tradução negra surge do contato com as sentenças em linguagem proverbial e seu apelo já histórico por um entendimento das diversas camadas de negritude enquanto resposta legítima a um contexto de hegemonias eurocentradas e opressão, inclusive, epistemológica. Cunhou-se a ideia do tradutor- ndoki ou tradutor-feiticeiro como aquela pessoa que, efetivamente, apreende os encontros éticos enquanto articulações ou trabalho com as linguagens a partir da apreensão do real como algo constituído por partes co-pertencentes que, necessariamente, se intercomunicam. Eis a ideia kongo de totalidade: relação estabelecida entre entes, seres, coisas, imaterialidades existentes em qualquer dimensão de realidade. Percebe-se que as sentenças proverbiais, as quais, em culturas ocidentais, enquadram-se nos estudos da paremiologia, apresentam distinções importantes, no que tange ao que se conhece como provérbios. Tais distinções acontecem em termos estruturais, na sua aplicação, na sua linguagem e performance, na sua contextualização e na sua repercussão social. Por essa razão, optou-se pelo emprego da expressão sentenças em linguagem proverbial (kingana, em kikongo -- língua dos bantu-kongo ou bakongo), em lugar de se utilizar o termo provérbio. No que diz respeito a culturas ocidentais, constatou-se que as sentenças em linguagem proverbial aproximam-se mais dos aforismos, diante do seu prevalente caráter filosófico. No entanto, é preciso atentar para o fato de que filosofias presentes no continente africano (bantu, yoruba, etc.) também são evocadas, a fim de que se configure uma discussão teórica mais simétrica e que, sem pretensões de universalidade ou resolução, possase contribuir para as reflexões sobre o traduzir. / This research focuses on Translation Studies establishing a dialogue between such theoretical field and African, European, Latin-American and black diaspora philosophy. Based on the translation of Bunseki Fu-Kiaus book African Cosmology of the Bantu-Kongo: principles of life and living from English into Portuguese, one verifies that sentences in proverbial language (kingana), which have been introduced by the author in a bilingual form (Kikongo - English), occupy a central role. The translational analysis has focused on these sentences and some core aspects from the Bantu-Kongo general perspective have been necessarily added to the analysis of the translating process as interaction. Philosophical and cultural principles such as the Kongo cosmogram (Dikenga dia Kongo), minika ye minienie (waves and radiations) and the V principle are some of the most relevant mainstays to think about the Bantu- Kongo system as well as to enter such system through translation. The concept of black translation emerges from the contact with the sentences in proverbial language regarding their historical claim to understand the different layers of blackness as a real response to a Eurocentric hegemonic context that is also epistemologically oppressive. It has been conceived the idea of a ndoki or sorcerer translator as the one who apprehends the ethical encounters as articulation and language work from seizing reality as somehing that is constituted by co-belonging parts which necessarily intercommunicate. This is the Kongo idea for totality an established relationship between entities, beings, things and immaterialities that exist in any dimension of reality. It can be seen that the proverbial sentences, which, in Western cultures, fit into the studies of paremiology, present important distinctions in relation to what is known as proverbs. Such distinctions occur in structural terms and also in terms of their usage, language, performance, context and social repercussion. Therefore the expression sentences in proverbial language (kingana in Kikongo, language of the Bantu-Kongo or Bakongo) was adopted instead of proverb. Concerning Western cultures, it has been found that sentences in proverbial language are closer to the aphorisms because of their predominant philosophical character. However, it is important to emphasize that African philosophy especially the Bantu and Yoruba philosophy is also evoked in order to raise a symmetrical theoretical discussion and to collaborate to reflect on translation without the idea of universality and resolution.

This thesis is an examination of how white women in interracial relationships and/or white mothers of biracial children understand race. Through interviews with six self-identified white women who have black-white biracial children, I seek to understand what role racism plays in their lives and whether these women have a heightened consciousness about race as a result of being in an interracial family. Using their narratives and a spatial framework, I explore the concept of white supremacy, whiteness and blackness, representations of white femininity and black masculinity in the media, and how white women in interracial relationships cross the colourline in their everyday lives. I suggest that white women learn about colourlined spaces in public, but that they also learn about blackness and teach their biracial children about antiracism in private spaces. Overall, white women need to negotiate rules and norms within racial hierarchies in order to navigate white supremacy.

This thesis is an examination of how white women in interracial relationships and/or white mothers of biracial children understand race. Through interviews with six self-identified white women who have black-white biracial children, I seek to understand what role racism plays in their lives and whether these women have a heightened consciousness about race as a result of being in an interracial family. Using their narratives and a spatial framework, I explore the concept of white supremacy, whiteness and blackness, representations of white femininity and black masculinity in the media, and how white women in interracial relationships cross the colourline in their everyday lives. I suggest that white women learn about colourlined spaces in public, but that they also learn about blackness and teach their biracial children about antiracism in private spaces. Overall, white women need to negotiate rules and norms within racial hierarchies in order to navigate white supremacy.

This study creates and develops a concept called the untimely-image including two sub-concepts called contours of the new and the untimely-site. The untimely-image concerns the clearing for and the expression of figures of “potential” in thought in the form of moving-images. The aim of these concepts is to form a critical framework for evaluating and conceptualizing political film as expressive, not of the new itself but of its “untimely” contours. The untimely-image, and its many implications, is developed over the course of six chapters. Chapter 1 extensively defines “contours” and “new” as operative in this study, and also introduces a theme that runs through all the chapters: how to think the contours of the new in relation to the cult of the new in consumer culture and in relation to the larger mechanisms of advanced capitalism. Chapter 2 defines the parameters of the untimely-image as specifically regarding moving images, and continues the development of this concept. In Chapters 3 to 6, The Wire (David Simon, 2002-2008) serves the double function of complicating and giving specification to the elaboration of the untimely-image as well as a case in which the untimely-image is used as a critical framework. The Wire and the untimely-image relate in processes of juxtaposition, wherein they meet, cross over, separate, and reproblematize each other. An untimely-image is fully defined in relation to concrete political issues. The untimely-image is therefore advanced by articulating the components and characteristics that, independently of the concrete issue, remain in every case, as well as by putting the concept to work regarding two specific problems in The Wire: its expression of blackness and its mapping of advanced capitalism.

In an attempt to close the gaps between diaspora and regional studies an Afro-Asian comparative perspective on African and Indian identity will be explored in the countries of Guyana and South Africa. The overlying aim of the ethnographic research will be to see whether blackness can be used as a unifier to those belonging to enslaved and indentured diasporas. Comparisons will be made between the two race models of the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean worlds. A substantial portion will be set aside for a critique of the concept of Coolitude including commentary on V.S. Naipaul. Further, mixing, creolization, spirituality and the cultural politics of Black Consciousness, multiculturalism, and dreadlocks will be exemplified as AfroAsian encounters.

In an attempt to close the gaps between diaspora and regional studies an Afro-Asian comparative perspective on African and Indian identity will be explored in the countries of Guyana and South Africa. The overlying aim of the ethnographic research will be to see whether blackness can be used as a unifier to those belonging to enslaved and indentured diasporas. Comparisons will be made between the two race models of the Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean worlds. A substantial portion will be set aside for a critique of the concept of Coolitude including commentary on V.S. Naipaul. Further, mixing, creolization, spirituality and the cultural politics of Black Consciousness, multiculturalism, and dreadlocks will be exemplified as AfroAsian encounters.

Les orichas sont des divinités d’origine africaine dont le culte est connu à Cuba sous le nom de Santería ou Regla de Ocha. A travers l’interprétation des œuvres de quatre artistes cubains, cette étude entend retracer la généalogie de l’image artistique de ces entités. Participant au mouvement des avant-gardes parisiennes, Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) est le premier artiste cubain à opérer une réappropriation artistique des orichas, conférant une forme de légitimité à une culture marginalisée dans la société postcoloniale. René Portocarrero (1912-1985) explore le syncrétisme qui a uni les orichas et les images catholiques des Saints et des Vierges et fabrique leur première image humaine. Ce n’est qu’avec Manuel Mendive (né en 1944) que les orichas sont imaginés comme des dieux noirs et deviennent des figures positives de la négritude dans l’art. Afin de remettre en question la supposée ancestralité des orichas, Santiago Rodríguez Olazábal (né en 1955) propose à partir des années 1990 des représentations de ces dieux en prise avec le monde contemporain. Cette généalogie des représentations des orichas permet d’interroger la place des cultures des afro-descendants dans les sociétés postcoloniales, les logiques de conservation du patrimoine afro-cubain et de mise en spectacle de celui-ci, ainsi que les formes d’articulation entre la création artistique d’une ancienne périphérie et le marché international de l’art. Elle propose également une réflexion sur les rapports entre la politique, l’art et la religion dans une période déterminante de l’histoire contemporaine de Cuba. / Orichas are not only gods from a syncretic Cuban religion, but also Cuban popular culture characters becoming more and more famous abroad. This work intends to understand the invention of oricha artistic images while studying the artworks of four Cuban artists. Following the surrealist and cubist movement, Wifredo Lam (1902-1982) is the first artist to adopt orichas as a subject for his paintings. Through this choice he legitimates a culture that was marginalized in the postcolonial society until then. René Portocarrero (1912-1985) works on the syncretism between orichas and Catholic Saints and Virgins and builds their human representations. But it’s Manuel Mendive (born in 1944) who creates the figures of the black gods and turn them into positive characters of blackness in art. Santiago Rodríguez Olazábal (born in 1955) designs a new way of representing orichas according to contemporary art aesthetics. This genealogy of the orichas focuses on the Afro Cuban cultures role in postcolonial societies, their folklorisation and adaptation to spectacular shows, and the articulation between perpipherical artistic creation and the international art market. It also considers the links between politics, art and religion during a very relevant period of contemporary Cuban history.

Doctor of Philosophy / School of Family Studies and Human Services / Walter Schumm / Farrell J. Webb / There is considerable research on concepts of Blackness in America. Much of this research is conducted within a Eurocentric as opposed to an Afrocentric perspective. Social research has established that ideals, social norms, and values about Black minority groups may be shaped by dominant culture premises and that the dominant culture of any society can influence the attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors of minority group members coexisting within that culture. The White racial frame holds that over time a dominant cultural perspective in the U.S. has installed a positive orientation to “White” and whiteness and a strong negative orientation toward racial “others”, particularly toward Black Americans. The present research explores this phenomenon from an Afrocentric perspective, assessing propinquity preferences of non-native Immigrant and native-born American Blacks toward native-born Blacks. Utilizing data drawn from The National Survey on American Life 2001-2003 (Jackson, 2007) the study assessed the degree of Black propinquity (i.e., self-identified feelings of closeness and identity preferences with native-born Blacks) expressed within and between subsamples of native-born African American (n = 3,464) and non-native (chiefly Afro-Caribbean) Blacks (n = 1,118). More specifically, it hypothesized that native-born Blacks would display greater propinquity preferences than Immigrant Blacks for native-American Blacks depicted as more economically-challenged as well as socially affluent and elite; also, it expected they would report greater support for socially undesirable as well as socially desirable Blacks than would Immigrant Blacks. A series of hierarchical regression analyses modeled the unique and joint predictive variance of socio-demographic, socio-economic, and Black (derived) target characteristics within each Black subpopulation against the primary outcome variable (propinquity). Overall regression models for each Black group were highly similar in the proportion of explained variance (27% for native Blacks; 26% for Immigrant Blacks) and weighted contributions of three blocks of variables; derived variables for Black target characteristics contributed most of the total variance within each group. No statistically reliable differences for R score values were found between the two Black subpopulations on these derived variables. Findings are discussed in the context of the White racial frame perspective, secondary data methodology, and future research.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EloisaEPB_DISSERT.pdf: 8249895 bytes, checksum: 714a48934f6b9ba968fdf8d2c9fe2504 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-10 / O presente estudo traz uma reflex?o sobre os discursos culturais afro-brasileiros e o lugar ocupado pela poesia em meio a uma sociedade racista. A pesquisa tem como prop?sito fazer um estudo da poesia de Oliveira Silveira (1968, 1970, 1977, 1981, 1987). Leva-se em considera??o a rela??o da produ??o po?tica de Oliveira com as propostas do movimento da Negritude e o di?logo l?cido que o mesmo estabelece com poetas vinculados ao referido movimento e como Silveira sugere dentro da literatura a negritude como uma forma de intersec??o na poesia brasileira. A proposta aqui apresentada observa tamb?m o hibridismo na po?tica de Oliveira Silveira ao se enfatizar um olhar sobre uma escrita comovida pelo tra?o do entre-lugar do discurso. Analisa-se a caracteriza??o de uma literatura gerada pelo tom de den?ncia ao desconstruir historicamente o que h? muito tempo se estabelece como democracia racial . Em cumplicidade com a poesia regional do Rio Grande do Sul, a poesia de Oliveira vem permeada pela diversidade de ritmos que traduzem o legado da cultura negra mundo afora. Essa pesquisa sustenta-se nos estudos de Eduardo de Assis Duarte (2005, 2011) e Kabengel? Munanga (2008, 2009) sobre Negritude e Identidade na literatura afro-brasileira, que se caracteriza como um movimento de consci?ncia pela reconstru??o ou mesmo revis?o hist?rica do que foi apagado no calabou?o dos navios negreiros. As leituras de Eduardo de Assis Duarte fomentam novos questionamentos, p?em em d?vida a exist?ncia de uma identidade essencialista. Aponta-se nessa travessia para uma pluralidade de identidades, constru?das por in?meros grupos culturais na encruzilhada dos diversos momentos hist?ricos. Analisam-se, portanto, a partir da cr?tica que Stuart Hall (2011) faz ao considerar as ideias de di?sporas, as fronteiras das margens no universo da p?s-coloniza??o. Por fim, h? uma encruzilhada ao se pensar a partir de Kabengel? Munanga, o discurso da negritude e da identidade negra nas rela??es sociais e culturais afrodescendentes

Caractéristique de la littérature noire des années 1960 aux États-Unis, la revendication de l’Être-noir est présente dans les moindres mots écrits par les auteurs africains américains de cette période. William Melvin Kelley, en tant qu’écrivain du Black Arts Movement, le met en avant dans ses œuvres au profit d’une éducation de l’Africain Américain contre la ségrégation et d’autres formes de racisme. Il ne s’agit pas seulement de conceptualiser le Noir par l’écriture, mais surtout de le dépeindre. Selon l’auteur en effet, son rôle est d’abord de mettre en action des personnes, et non pas des idées travesties qui résulteraient d’une quelconque idéologie noire. C’est ce schéma – le passage du monde réel à un monde fictif, ainsi qu’à une représentation idéologique – qui sera étudié dans cette thèse. Il faudra toutefois noter la transformation de l’attitude de l’auteur. En effet, de l’état de simple narrateur, il passe à celui d’activiste. Ce changement est notable par la différence des idées et de la verve entre le premier livre et le dernier publiés par Kelley. Cette évolution de la pensée sera ensuite reliée aux récentes directions prises par l’écrivain. Située au carrefour entre la phénoménologie, la philosophie de l’existentialisme noir, la sociologie ainsi que la littérature, l’analyse qui sera menée aura pour but de mettre en avant l’existence noire vue par William Melvin Kelley. L’auteur ne se place pas seulement en tant que représentant des Noirs, mais comme chargé d’une mission : celle d’aider l’Africain Américain à comprendre la société étatsunienne pour améliorer sa position sociale et culturelle. / Blackness is one of the keywords of the African American literature of the 1960s. It is to be read in each and every word that an Afro-American writer would put down on the paper. As a Black Arts Movement writer, William Melvin Kelley sets blackness forth in his works so that the black population can better struggle against segregation and other forms of racism. Yet, he does not only conceptualize the African American person by writing him or her up, but above all, he depicts them. For Kelley, the role of the author is primarily to show people, not disguised ideas resulting from some other black ideology. It is this pattern – the passage from a real world to a fictitious one, as well as to an ideological representation – that I will study in my dissertation. However, I am first going to note down the transformation in Kelley’s conduct toward race relations as he goes from the narrator to the activist. This change is to be seen in the difference that exists in the verve between his first novel and the last that was published. This renovation will also be linked to the recent direction taken by Kelley in his more recent writings. Phenomenology, Black existentialism, sociology and of course literature will be the bases for this dissertation. The analysis will insist on black existence as seen by William Melvin Kelley. The writer does not only act as a representative of black people, but as one who must help the “Africamerican understand the American society in order to improve his or her social and cultural position.”