In the transition between 2D and 3D animation animators tried to be able to replicate all of the styles and techniques in 3D that they utilized in 2D. Motion blur eventually came to replace a popular 2D technique known as a smear frame. A smear frame is much more than a path of motion or a blur though, it has a style that cannot be replicated with such methods. I present a creative project with the intent on creating 3D smear frames in a self-made character rig. In order to achieve this I will be designing, modeling, texturing, rigging, animating, and rendering the character of Champ Champions.

Masculinity research suggests help-seeking attitudes towards mental health concerns conflict with socialized masculine norms such as emotional control and self-reliance (Addis & Mahalik, 2003; Heath, Brenner, Vogel, Lannin, & Strass, 2017). As psychologists continue to find ways to reach out to men, exercise intervention may be the catalyst for men to seek out psychological services. More specifically, boxing training has been shown to increase the sense of self-confidence and character development (Shultz, Stoner, Lambrick, & Lane, 2014; Sokol, 2004). In this study, 24 men engaged in a six-session boxing training program to examine the impact high-intensity exercise has on psychological help-seeking attitudes and psychological distress. Participants reported lower psychological distress, an increase in health behaviors, and high levels of exercise self-efficacy throughout the intervention. Additionally, participants who reported greater adherence to traditional masculine norms endorsed greater psychological distress compared to participants reporting lower adherence to masculine norms. Help-seeking attitudes towards psychological services did not change throughout the boxing program, suggesting men may gain the psychological benefits they seek directly from action-oriented activities.

While the intersection of sport and the Civil Rights era has been well documented from a number of angles and approaches, perhaps no athlete has been so thoroughly connected to this period in history as Muhammad Ali. His stances on Vietnam, race relations and religion during this period have provided a fountain of historical research and narratives on this very turbulent period. However, what about the political and social activities of Ali’s contemporaries? Floyd Patterson, Sonny Liston, Joe Frazier and George Foreman were not just heavyweight champions, but also individuals who were profoundly affected by the mass exodus of Blacks out of the South and into the cities of the North and West. Known to history as the Great Migration, this movement not only affected these men physically, but also helped to shape their ideas and understandings about racial identity, civil rights and race relations in their adult lives. The purpose of this research is to examine the political and social activities and experiences throughout the lives of Floyd Patterson, Sonny Liston, Joe Frazier and George Foreman. In addition to exploring the narratives surrounding their migration experiences, it will display the differences in opinion each man had regarding issues such as segregation and how they defined themselves against Ali’s largely ignored, hardline segregationist stance. Finally, it will explore the possibilities for reexamining not just the popularly accepted narratives of these four men, but also of Ali himself.

This dissertation is a collection of four long short stories about contemporary Americans written in the mode of psychological realism. “Bare Knuckles” depicts the struggles of a young man trying to “make it” in the world of illegal boxing. “ZOSO” focuses on the breakdown of an upper-middleclass family forced to move from the rustbelt to the “New South.” In “Dusted,” a man ill-equipped to navigate through the adult world turns to substance abuse and violence as a “way out.” “Sugar Skulls” explores the fascination with death in the punk rock world.

Richard "King Dick" or "Big Dick" Crafus, Cephas, or Seaver(s) first attracted attention by his size, strength and the authority he exercised as leader of U.S. African American Prisoners of War in Britain during the War of 1812. After the War he was celebrated as a boxing pioneer, ceremonial King of Boston's black community and almost certainly auxiliary law officer. Very little has been known about his life, and much of that obscured by his black working-class status; his true standing within his own community remains mysterious. Yet paradoxically he's been made much of, in academic writing and fiction alike right up to the present day. Although his life resisted the reduction of himself and his people to irrelevance and invisibility, I argue that his most prominent role has been as a palimpsest, a used canvas or marked screen onto which scholars and fiction-writers alike, as intellectual workers, have projected their images of the place of Blacks, blackness and racialized Others in the Americas and the Americanized world, including Haiti and Arabia. This thesis attempts to reconstruct his life and interpret his myriad reconstructions, to illuminate both dominant white and less-accessible minority discourses. The particular characteristics inscribed into Big Dick's figure have helped define class and caste structures, public morality and the use of public space, and the working of the U.S. capitalist and cultural imperium in the marketplace of discourses.

Darbo objektas – skirtingų treniravimo priemonių poveikis smūgio jėgai. Hipotezė – manome, kad skirtingos treniravimo priemonės duos teigiamą poveikį smūgio jėgai, didžiausią poveikį – atsispaudimai su suplojimu. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti skirtingų treniravimo priemonių poveikį smūgio jėgai. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti vienkartinių smūgių jėgą į bokso maišą dominuojančia ir nedominuojančia ranka. 2. Nustatyti ir palyginti skirtingų jėgos treniravimo priemonių efektyvumą smūgio jėgai. Išvados: 1. Didžiausia smūgio jėga nustatyta kontrolinėje tiriamųjų grupėje, o mažiausia pirmos, antros ir trečios grupės tiriamųjų, kurie tyrimo metu ją lavino kimštiniu kamuoliu, elastine guma ar svarmenų pagalba. 2. Eksperimento metu nustatyta, kad efektyviausiai smūgio jėgą lavino taikytos treniravimo priemonės su kimštiniu kamuoliu ir svarmenimis. Smūgio jėgos lavinimui taikytos treniravimo priemonės su elastine guma ir atsispaudimais nuo grindų su suplojimu nebuvo efektyvios, smūgio jėga per eksperimentinį laikotarpį nepadidėjo. / Object of the work – the influence of different training measures on punch impact. Hypothesis – we think that different training measures will have a positive influence on punch impact, and the biggest influence will be done by the clapping push-ups off the ground. Aim of the work – to determine the influence of different training measures on punch impact. Objectives: 1. To determine the impact of single punches into the boxing bag with dominant and non-dominant hand. 2. To determine and compare the efficiency of different training measures of punch impact. Conclusions: 1. The maximum punch impact during the research was determined in the research group that did not apply any measures, and the minimum punch impact was determined in the group that developed it during the experiment by using stuffed ball, elastic rubber or weights. 2. The experiment revealed that the most effective way to exercise punch impact was the one with the stuffed ball and weights. The training measures with elastic rubber and clapping push-ups off the ground applied to develop punch impact were not effective and unch impact during the experiment did not improve.

Darbo objektas – jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybinė emocinė būsena. Darbo tikslas – nustatyti jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Darbo uždaviniai: Nustatyti ir įvertinti didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Nustatyti ir įvertinti mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Palyginti skirtingo meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų priešvaržybines emocines būsenas. Išvados: Prieš varžybas didesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų savijautos ir nuotaikos lygis buvo aukštas, o aktyvumas buvo vidutinio ir aukšto lygio. Didesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo būdingas vidutinis ir didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis ir padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityvusis nerimas, vidutinis somatinis nerimas bei vidutinis ir aukštas pasitikėjimas savimi. Mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams prieš varžybas buvo būdingas vidutinis ir aukštas savijautos, aktyvumo ir nuotaikos lygis. Asmenybės nerimas buvo mažesnis negu situacinis nerimas, o somatinis negu kognityvusis nerimas. Būdingiausias mažesnio meistriškumo boksininkams buvo didelis situacinio nerimo lygis, padidėjęs asmenybės nerimo lygis, žemas ir vidutinis kognityviojo ir somatinio nerimo lygis, vidutinis pasitikėjimas savimi. Nustatyta, kad aukštesnio lygio savijauta ir nuotaika buvo būdinga didesnio meistriškumo jauniesiems boksininkams negu mažesnio meistriškumo (p < 0,05). Didesnio ir mažesnio meistriškumo jaunųjų boksininkų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Object of the work – the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Aim of the work – to determine the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers. Objectives: To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence. To determine and evaluate the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of lower sporting excellence. To compare the pre-competition emotional state of junior boxers of different sporting excellence. Conclusions: The level of well-being and mood of junior boxers of higher sporting excellence before the competition was high, and activity was of average and high level. The boxers of higher sporting excellence felt average and high level of situational anxiety, average and increased level of situational anxiety, average and increased personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive anxiety, average somatic anxiety and average and high self-confidence. The boxers of lower sporting excellence felt average and high level of well-being, activity and mood before the competition. Personal anxiety was lower than situational anxiety and somatic anxiety was lower than cognitive anxiety. The most characteristic to lower sporting excellence boxers was high level of situational anxiety, increased level of personal anxiety, low and average level of cognitive and somatic anxiety, average self-confidence. It was determined that higher level of well-being and mood was more characteristic to junior boxers of... [to full text]

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Esse trabalho tem o objetivo de compreender aspectos simbólicos do boxe inserido em academias de fitness. A idéia surgiu da minha vivência, como professor e praticante, e também da análise de trabalhos que se preocuparam em entender esse esporte. A partir desses elementos, identifiquei uma prática com características marcantes, como: uma luta oriunda do gueto, símbolo de resistência de um núcleo social desfavorecido, e um meio predominantemente masculino. Esse boxe é diferente do que tive contado durante os anos que freqüentei uma academia de Porto Alegre. Ali, encontrava-se um grupo mais heterogêneo com alunos experientes e avançados dividindo o mesmo espaço, homens e mulheres ocupando os mesmos horários de treinamento e praticantes que vêem o esporte como atividade física, luta, defesa pessoal, entre outros. Para entender essas diferenças, recorri à Sociologia do Esporte representada por autores que entendem o esporte como uma manifestação heterogênea. Como metodologia, utilizei a etnografia, pela preocupação em investigar as questões simbólicas de um universo cultural específico. Para tanto, empreguei duas ferramentas: a observação participante e as entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A apresentação dos dados inicia pela descrição do local, que se caracteriza por ser uma academia de musculação em que diversas questões simbólicas se manifestam no comportamento dos alunos e estão relacionadas com a distribuição e utilização dos equipamentos. Ao descrever a sala em que acontecem as modalidades, apresento a distribuição espacial e as rotinas relacionadas às dinâmicas de funcionamento e à organização dos treinamentos de luta. Ao perceber que as aulas de boxe são realizadas, algumas vezes, em duplas, direciono meu olhar para a temática do gênero, que dará sustentação para a primeira categoria do trabalho. Ao perguntar: como elas fazem? O que eles esperam? Percebi que é esperado um comportamento relacionado ao fazer boxe para o emagrecimento e condicionamento, e que as questões de luta são mal vistas para elas. Esse discurso se distancia das representações relatadas pelas mulheres que, apesar de se preocuparem com a estética corporal, também têm interesses em lutar. O surgimento de características das academias de ginástica conduz a pergunta título do próximo capítulo: aula de fitness ou treino de boxe? A partir disso, discorro sobre características do fitness e do boxe tradicional e concluo, também relacionando meus dados com a heterogeneidade do esporte, que a academia pesquisada é um meio híbrido, que apresenta elementos das duas práticas e especificidades do local. O último capítulo diz respeito às minhas modificações enquanto docente e é intitulado: do prático ao empírico: reflexões etnográficas de um professor de boxe. Assim, ao perceber a diversidade de apropriações do boxe, alterei minha maneira de atuar diversificando as atividades no intuito de direcioná-las aos objetivos dos freqüentadores. Após essa trajetória, concluo que o boxe ainda é permeado por representações de violência e brutalidade. Por isso, considero importante que outros estudos no campo sociocultural se debrucem sobre essa temática. / The aim of the present study is to develop understanding of the symbolic aspects of boxing as practiced in fitness studios. This idea came from my experience both as a boxing instructor and practitioner, and also from the analysis of studies which aim for a better understanding of this sport. Based on these elements, I identified a practice with specific features such as that it is a ghetto-originated fight-form, a symbol of resistance by the socially underprivileged, and a predominantly male response. This kind of boxing is quite different from the one I experienced during the time I practiced in a fitness studio in Porto Alegre, where the group was much more heterogeneous. There, experienced fighters shared the training room with beginners; men and women practiced together, and those taking part saw it, for example, as a way to get some exercise and to learn personal defense. To understand these differences, I consulted authors in sport sociology, who see it as an activity satisfying different needs. In terms of methodology, I used ethnography which seeks to explore questions of symbolism within a specific cultural framework. For this purpose, I used two different approaches: participative observation and semi-structured interviews. Data presentation begins with a description of the locality, which is usually a weight-lifting studio in which a number of symbolic issues arise that are related to student behavior and the distribution and use of the equipment. When describing the space where things happen, I show the spatial layout and the routines related to the functioning and organization of fight training. Observing that those attending boxing lessons sometimes work in pairs, I turn to the gender debate, which gives material for the study’s first section. On enquiring: Why do women box? What do they hope to gain? It is thought by most people that women look at boxing primarily as a way of losing weight and improving physical condition, and that they look down on boxing as a fight form. This view is different from that expressed by women themselves who, besides their interest in the aesthetics of physique, are also interested in fighting. The growth of characteristics in weight-lifting academies leads to the issue discussed in the next chapter: fitness lesson, or fight training? Starting from this point, I discuss aspects of fitness training and traditional boxing, and take into account my data on the heterogeneity of the sport, arriving at the conclusion that the research gym is a hybrid environment, showing elements of both practices and environmental specificities. The last chapter relates to my transformation as a boxing instructor and is entitled: From the practical to the empirical; ethnographic reflections of a boxing instructor. Thus, having seen the various ways for which boxing is used, I change my approach, extending activities to be directed towards the practitioners’ expectations. After this study, I get to the conclusion that boxing is still permeated by ideas of brutality and violence. For this reason, I conclude that it is important for studies in the social and cultural fields to embrace the subject.

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar as questões de gênero que atravessam a inserção e a permanência de atletas na Federação Rio-Grandense de Pugilismo. O trabalho centra-se na investigação acerca da existência de barreiras legais e simbólicas para a inserção de mulheres no Universo Cultural do Boxe; na análise da forma como as boxeadoras interpretam as transformações corporais e os ferimentos oriundos da prática esportiva; e, por fim, em como questões sociais e econômicas influenciam na permanência das atletas no pugilismo. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na realização de entrevistas de História Oral com atletas e treinadores de boxe, tendo a preocupação de analisar os sentidos que estes constroem sobre suas experiências no pugilismo e sobre as questões de gênero que perpassam suas trajetórias esportivas. O estudo está fundamentado nos pressupostos teóricos da História Cultural e nos Estudos de Gênero, trabalhando com as representações sociais que as pessoas produzem sobre sua realidade e sobre a forma como socialmente corpos e subjetividades são construídos com base na dicotomia de gênero. O exercício analítico foi realizado considerando os objetivos da pesquisa e os referenciais teóricos, emergindo, assim, dois eixos de investigação: i) o processo histórico de inserção das mulheres no universo das lutas e ii) as representações de corpo e de gênero no meio esportivo. A partir das análises, foi possível verificar o processo recente de inserção de mulheres no boxe quando comparado a outras artes marciais, evidenciando uma maior resistência da sociedade. Também foi possível observar que os corpos das boxeadoras tencionam representações normativas de gênero, trazendo à tona discursos que colocam em xeque a feminilidade e a sexualidade das atletas, o que as leva a controlar seus treinamentos, em especial os de potencialização muscular, de modo a adequar suas corporalidades a padrões estéticos valorizados socialmente. Conclui-se que o gênero, longe de ser uma exigência do sexo biológico, é uma construção sempre inacabada, passível de ser controlada por discursos e por práticas, de modo a não exacerbar as barreiras impostas pela dicotomia de gênero. / The present research has as its purpose to analyse the issues of gender that go through the insertion and permanance of athletes in the Pugilism Federation of Rio Grande do Sul. The study centers itself in the investigation around the the existence of both legal and symbolic barriers for the insertion of women in the Cultural Universe of Boxing; in the analysis of how the boxers interpret the body transformations and the wounds arising from the the practicing of the sport; and at last, in how social and economic issues influence the permanence of these athletes in pugilism. The methodology used is based on the attainment of interviews of Oral History with boxing athelets and coaches, having the concern to analyse the senses in which they build their experiences in pugilism and the gender issues that pervade their sportive paths. The study is grounded in the theoretical assumptions of the Cultural History and the Studies of Gender, working with the social representations that people produce over their reality and how bodies and subjectivities are socially built on the basis of gender dichotomy. The analytical exercise was done considering the purposes of the research and the theoretical referentials, emerging, hence, two pivots of investigation: i) the historical process of the insertion of women in the fighting universe and ii) the representations of body and gender in the sportive field. From the analysis, it was possible to verify the recent process of insertion of women in boxing when compared to other martial arts, evidentiating a greater resistence from society. It was also possible to observe that the boxers' bodies propose normative representations of gender, surfacing speeches that put the athletes femininity and sexuality into question, which drives them to control their trainings, especially the muscular potentiality ones, in order to adjust their bodily ways to socially valued aesthetic patterns. It is concluded that gender, far from being a biological demand of the sex, is always an unfinished construction, liable of being controlled by speeches and by practices, in order not to exacerbate the barriers imposed by the gender dichotomy.