Suite à l’abandon agricole, le nouveau milieu forestier en développement est souvent peu diversifié en espèces d’arbres de grande valeur économique. La solution qu’est la plantation d’enrichissement sous couvert doit intégrer l’effet d’interception lumineuse des manchons protecteurs contre le broutage. À cette fin, des ouvertures du couvert par bandes larges de 3, 6 et 9 mètres, combinées à deux manchons protecteurs à petites et grandes mailles et à un témoin, sont comparés. L’expérience analyse l’effet niveaux de lumière sur la croissance de plants de bouleaux jaunes et de chênes à gros fruits allant de 8 à 46 %. L’ouverture de 9 mètres a été la plus avantageuse pour la croissance en hauteur et en diamètre du bouleau jaune, et ce pour les deux types de protections. Le protecteur à petites mailles a limité la croissance de l’espèce dans les trois largeurs d’ouvertures. Le diamètre du chêne à gros fruits a été le plus faible dans cette même protection. Avec une lumière accrue, le diamètre du chêne à gros fruits a augmenté ainsi que la longueur moyenne des branches et la surface foliaire du bouleau jaune. La bonne croissance juvénile ou initiale du bouleau jaune en fait une espèce d’intérêt pour l’enrichissement en forêts. Une ouverture intermédiaire d’une largeur de six mètres est envisageable pour réduire les perturbations et les coûts. La protection de type grandes mailles améliore davantage la croissance que l’autre, sous toutes les tailles d’ouvertures. / Following abandonment of agricultural land, regrowth forests typically show a low diversity of tree species. One possible solution, enrichment underplanting, must consider protection against browsing, which hinders sunlight from reaching the seedlings. We examined the effects on growth of three different widths of strip opening (3, 6 or 9 meters) mixed with two protective sleeves (a small mesh and a large one). In the experiment, light levels reaching seedlings of yellow birch and burr oak range from 8 to 46 %PAR. The nine meters strip was the best to promote diameter and height growth of yellow birch, regardless of the protective sleeves used. The small mesh sleeve produced a smaller growth in all the openings, for both species in diameter and only for yellow birch in height. Burr oak diameter was also reduced by the small mesh protection. With increased light, mean length of branches and leaf area for yellow birch increased, as well as diameter for burr oak. Good growth of yellow birch makes it a species of interest for enrichment planting. A strip opening of 6 meters width could be enough to ensure artificial regeneration of yellow birch, while limiting disturbances and reducing costs. Large mesh sleeve would be best to maximize growth.

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Marketing and advertisement activities are transforming as new digital media streams emerge. It is believed that the first major digital transition took place when broadcast media such as television and cinema, also called first screen, to the PC Internet, referred to as the second screen, entered the media industry. The last couple of years saw an expanding transition into the third screen, which is the mobile handset, commonly known as cellphones in South Africa. The rapid explosion of mobile phones and other mobile devices has created a new marketing channel. The use of Short Messaging Service, Multimedia Message Service, Graphic WAP Banners, and Video Clips to communicate with customers through their mobile devices / cellphones has gained popularity, making the mobile phone the ultimate medium for one–to–one or one–to–many marketing. And the more mobile handsets penetrate the mass market, the greater are the opportunities for advertising experiences. This exploratory study investigates the impact / effectiveness of mobile advertising to consumers in the short–term insurance industry. The study briefly focuses on whether marketers are reaping the benefits of using this medium to communicate and market their products and services to the identified target market. The findings indicate that mobile advertising has an impact on consumers in the short–term insurance industry. It was also envisaged that where mobile advertising seems to have no effect, the root of the problem lies in the mass marketing approach. Customers are looking for full customisation of mobile marketing messages, based on their individual requirements, tastes, preferences, location, time, and it should also add value to consumers. For maximum impact, it is also recommended that marketers should build measurements, targeting and optimisation into their campaign processes. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Marketing and advertisement activities are transforming as new digital media streams emerge. It is believed that the first major digital transition took place when broadcast media such as television and cinema, also called first screen, to the PC Internet, referred to as the second screen, entered the media industry. The last couple of years saw an expanding transition into the third screen, which is the mobile handset, commonly known as cellphones in South Africa. The rapid explosion of mobile phones and other mobile devices has created a new marketing channel. The use of Short Messaging Service, Multimedia Message Service, Graphic WAP Banners, and Video Clips to communicate with customers through their mobile devices / cellphones has gained popularity, making the mobile phone the ultimate medium for one–to–one or one–to–many marketing. And the more mobile handsets penetrate the mass market, the greater are the opportunities for advertising experiences. This exploratory study investigates the impact / effectiveness of mobile advertising to consumers in the short–term insurance industry. The study briefly focuses on whether marketers are reaping the benefits of using this medium to communicate and market their products and services to the identified target market. The findings indicate that mobile advertising has an impact on consumers in the short–term insurance industry. It was also envisaged that where mobile advertising seems to have no effect, the root of the problem lies in the mass marketing approach. Customers are looking for full customisation of mobile marketing messages, based on their individual requirements, tastes, preferences, location, time, and it should also add value to consumers. For maximum impact, it is also recommended that marketers should build measurements, targeting and optimisation into their campaign processes. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Cette thèse propose de cartographier le parcours de navigation des usagers des EIAH pour le visualiser, visualiser pour interpréter et interpréter pour anticiper. Les profils d'apprentissage ont une influence sur les modes de navigation dans un environnement d'apprentissage en ligne. S’appuyant sur une méthodologie capable de modéliser le parcours de navigation d’un usager et d’anticiper son prochain clic sur une plateforme, notre étude cherche à élargir le champ des connaissances de l'efficacité/performance des styles d'apprentissage. La méthodologie utilisée repose sur l’analyse des traces d'utilisation élaborée à partir de 63 archives logs Web, incluant 4637 lignes de registre et 13 206 possibilités de choix de module. Le travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le cadre d’approches associant sémiologie, des sciences de l’information, psychologie cognitive et sciences de l’éducation. Trois observations ont été menées, générant des informations sur le profil de l’usager, la représentation des parcours et l’impact du style d’apprentissage dans le choix des fonctionnalités de travail offertes disponibles sur la plateforme. Les principaux résultats sont de deux types : d’une part, l’élaboration d’un outil convertissant les traces des fichiers log en parcours de navigation, et d’autre part, la confirmation d’un lien entre style d’apprentissage et mode de navigation. Ce deuxième résultat permet d’élaborer une méthode d’anticipation du nouveau choix de module sur une plateforme numérique de travail. Les applications pratiques visant à rendre exploitables ces traces dans les formations universitaires sont l’élaboration de bilans de qualité (ressources préférées, fonctionnalités moins utilisées) et l’identification des besoins de médiation pédagogique pour la compréhension de la tâche ou du processus (identifié par exemple dans l’insistance sur le module de consignes, le temps investi par un groupe ou par des trajets répétés). Cette thèse s’adresse principalement aux responsables pédagogiques universitaires décideurs de l’intégration des TIC, et par extension, aux étudiants universitaires et aux concepteurs d’outils d’apprentissage. / This thesis presents a methodology capable of modelling the course of educational browsing of an EIAH user to visualise it in order to interpret it and to anticipate. The learning profiles influence browsing styles in e-learning environment. Based on a methodology able to create models of the browsing behaviour of a user and to anticipate the following step on a platform, our study tries to widen the knowledge of the efficiency of different learning styles. The applied methodology is the analysis of the marks left by the user taken from 63 archives of Web logs including 4637 lines of register and 13 206 possible choices of modules. This research study combines theoretical approaches mixing semiology, sciences of information, cognitive psychology and sciences of education. Three observations have been led, giving information on users’ profile, representations of courses and impacts of the mode of learning in the choice of working features offered on the platform.The main contributions are two types: On one hand, the elaboration of a tool converting tracks of files log in signs possible to be visualized as courses of educational browsing. On the other hand, the confirmation of the relationship between ways of learning and styles of browsing giving rise to a method of anticipation of a new choice of module on the digital working platform. The practical applications aim at making exploitable these tracks in university education which can be of use to the elaboration of quality assessments (resources preferred, less used features) and the identification of the needs of educational mediation for clarification of the task or of the process (identified by the emphasis on the module of instructions, on time invested by a group or repeated routes).This thesis addresses mainly persons in charge of integrating ICTS at university level and further, university students and designers of learning tools.

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L’essor du numérique et la multiplication des supports (smartphone, tablette tactile)ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives en matière d’écriture. Dans ce monde où textes, images et sons s’entrecroisent au fil des réseaux et au gré de l’interactivité, la fiction littéraire peut-elle trouver une voie qui lui permette de préserver sa richesse tout en bénéficiant des apports du numérique ? Comment l’auteur littéraire peut-il concevoir et agencer ses matériaux narratifs afin de toucher efficacement des lecteurs disposés à franchir le pas du numérique ? Quels sont les fondements d’une narration multimodale utilisant au mieux les potentiels du texte, de l’image et du son, dans toute leur complémentarité, pour servir une fiction littéraire destinée à un large public ? Ces questions sont abordées, tant du point de vue de l’auteur que de celui du lecteur, dans une approche transdisciplinaire à la fois théorique et expérimentale. / The intense development of digital technologies and hardware (smartphones, tablets) is opening up new prospects for storytelling. In a world where texts, images and sound intermingle through networks and user interactivity, is it possible for narrative fiction to preserve its great wealth while taking advantage of digital techniques? How can a literary author put together and elaborate his narrative components to effectively reach readers willing to use digital content? What are the foundations of multimodal storytelling that use all the potential of text, image and sound in the best complementary ways to create narrative fiction that can be read by a large public? What balances can be found between "telling" and"showing"? How can interactivity be used to serve the narrative without losing the reader? These issues will be dealt with from both the author's and reader's point of view, in an interdisciplinary approach mixing theory and experimentation.