Este trabalho trata de analisar a Greve de Inquilinos de 1907 em Buenos Aires, movimento grevista de cunho anarquista que obteve grande repercussão. Organizado por moradores dos Conventillos (cortiços), o movimento reivindicava melhores condições de moradias, além da redução do preço dos aluguéis. Ao nos aprofundarmos nesse contexto percebemos que por trás de um verniz glamourizado de cidade rica e européia Buenos Aires escondia uma face em ebulição, repleta de pobreza e conflitos políticos. De modo que as condições adversas desse meio excludente e seus implicadores acabaram por dar origem à uma cultura política de caráter marginal junto à população mais pobre. Passando pela análise de periódicos, documentos oficiais, da verificação das transformações urbanas de Buenos Aires, enxergamos na mobilização dos inquilinos, e no surgimento dos conventillos, o ponto de partida para uma percepção mais profunda daquele projeto de sociedade, que privilegiava, sobretudo, a manutenção de um status quo. Nosso referencial teórico abrange três eixos principais, que passam pelas teorias da marginalidade de Aníbal. Quijano, José. Nun e Lucio Kowarick, pela análise dos discursos políticos de J. G. A. Pocock, e chegando aos estudos culturais urbanos, de Angel Rama e Beatriz Sarlo. / This work analyzes the Huelga de Inquilinos of 1907 in Buenos Aires, an anarchist strike movement of great repercussion. Organized by residents of the conventillos (tenement houses), the movement demanded better housing conditions, besides the reduction of rents price. When we delve deeper into this context we realize that behind a glamourized varnish of rich and European city Buenos Aires hid a boiling face, full of poverty and political conflicts. Thus, the adverse conditions of this exclusionary medium and its implicators eventually gave rise to a marginal political culture among the poorer population. Going through the analysis of periodicals, official documents, the verification of the urban transformations of Buenos Aires, we see the mobilization of the tenants, and the emergence of the conventillos, the tip of an iceberg that allows us to have a deeper perception of that project of society, which privileged , Above all, the maintenance of a status quo. Our theoretical reference encompasses three main axes, which pass through the marginality theories of Anibal Quijano, José Nun and Lucio Kowarick, by the analysis of political discourses of J. G. A. Pocock, and arriving at the urban cultural studies, of Angel Rama and Beatriz Sarlo.

O transporte de grãos é de importância para a economia da Argentina. Atualmente, 84% dos grãos produzidos pelo país são transportados em rodovias, afetando sua competitividade devido a sua grande influencia nos custos.Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a tomada de decisão de modo e destino dos consolidadores de grãos do Sul da Província de Buenos Aires. A partir de uma pesquisa de preferência declarada, conclui-se que a escolha de modo e destino é feita em conjunto. As variáveis relevantes para a escolha foram o preço FreeAlongsideShip no porto, o custo, a distância e a frequência do serviço. Os resultados estão em consonância com o encontrado na literatura, onde se destaca a modelagem conjunta e comportamental de diferentes etapas dos modelos de transporte e a inclusão de variáveis logísticas. Além disso, foram estimadas as elasticidades de cada alternativa e estudadas as curvas de iso-utilidade. Finalmente, foi realizada uma simulação de políticas de preço para a ferrovia, estudando a sua fatia de mercado, sua potencial arrecadação e o gasto total em transporte. / Agricultural trade is of great importance for Argentina. Nowadays, most of the crops transported by truck, affecting its competitivity because of its influence in direct costs. This study aims to analyze the choice process of the grain consolidatorsfromthe south of Buenos Aires province. From a stated preference survey, we conclude that the choice of mode and destination is made simultaneously. The relevant variables for the selection were the Free Alongside Ship price at the port, freight cost, distance and frequency. The results were consistent with those found in the literature, where behavioural joint modeling of different steps of transport models and the inclusion of logistics variables stand out. Moreover, price elasticities were estimated and iso-utility curves were studied. Finally, train price policies simulations were made observing market shares, expected incomes and total expenditures in transportation.

El siguiente trabajo tiene por propósito analizar cómo la prensa moderna construye y reproduce una ‗cultura de la violencia‘ a partir de la inserción de determinados discursos o representación sobre la transgresión, en las ciudades de Santiago y Buenos Aires entre 1900 y 1920. Estos discursos de la transgresión que se instalan a través de la noticia policial construyen un imaginario que ayuda, por una parte, a la naturalización del discurso hegemónico y del control social, pero, por otra parte, expone los límites de la modernidad; es decir, la tensión entre el tan anhelado orden y progreso y una periferia llena de pobreza y ‗atraso‘, en donde la violencia no es más que una práctica cotidiana de comunicación. Este ejercicio de apropiación escritural de la violencia - que instalan las publicaciones escritas a través de la noticia policial- es una forma a partir de la cual la modernidad intenta racionalizarla, deslegitimando las prácticas violentas establecidas, pero dando origen asimismo a nuevas formas y expresiones de ellas. Pues la violencia, entendida como un bien cultural, queda sujeta al relativismo que impone el cambio de normas y valores, y a la mutación de principios jurídicos, éticos y políticos de las colectividades humanas.

O transporte de grãos é de importância para a economia da Argentina. Atualmente, 84% dos grãos produzidos pelo país são transportados em rodovias, afetando sua competitividade devido a sua grande influencia nos custos.Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar a tomada de decisão de modo e destino dos consolidadores de grãos do Sul da Província de Buenos Aires. A partir de uma pesquisa de preferência declarada, conclui-se que a escolha de modo e destino é feita em conjunto. As variáveis relevantes para a escolha foram o preço FreeAlongsideShip no porto, o custo, a distância e a frequência do serviço. Os resultados estão em consonância com o encontrado na literatura, onde se destaca a modelagem conjunta e comportamental de diferentes etapas dos modelos de transporte e a inclusão de variáveis logísticas. Além disso, foram estimadas as elasticidades de cada alternativa e estudadas as curvas de iso-utilidade. Finalmente, foi realizada uma simulação de políticas de preço para a ferrovia, estudando a sua fatia de mercado, sua potencial arrecadação e o gasto total em transporte. / Agricultural trade is of great importance for Argentina. Nowadays, most of the crops transported by truck, affecting its competitivity because of its influence in direct costs. This study aims to analyze the choice process of the grain consolidatorsfromthe south of Buenos Aires province. From a stated preference survey, we conclude that the choice of mode and destination is made simultaneously. The relevant variables for the selection were the Free Alongside Ship price at the port, freight cost, distance and frequency. The results were consistent with those found in the literature, where behavioural joint modeling of different steps of transport models and the inclusion of logistics variables stand out. Moreover, price elasticities were estimated and iso-utility curves were studied. Finally, train price policies simulations were made observing market shares, expected incomes and total expenditures in transportation.

Esta investigación presenta un análisis cualitativo sobre la variedad del tuteo existente en Montevideo, capital de Uruguay. Se hace un previo repaso sobre algunos conceptos teóricos de lingüística, como son la pragmática y el estudio de la cortesía, entre otros. Seguidamente, se presenta una introducción a la historia primero, y la actual situación después, de las formas pronominales de tratamiento de más frecuente uso en las dos principales ciudades de la zona del Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires y Montevideo. Se muestra que en Montevideo, capital de Uruguay, en contextos semiformales, es frecuente la utilización de la forma T-V, variante que combina el pronombre tú con formas verbales conjugadas correspondientes al pronombre vos. Esta variante genera equilibrio entre el voseo, de carácter familiar, y el uso del usted, más estrictamente formal. Partiendo de la premisa de que, según lo expuesto en alguna investigación anterior (Weyers 2009), las formas en Vos estarían desplazando al uso del T-V, el cual, a su vez tendería a desaparecer, se ha planteado la discusión de que esto no corresponde con la realidad, y que este último uso goza de vigencia. Se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo mediante un estudio de campo que pretende responder a algunas hipótesis nuestras que tienen que ver con por quiénes es usada la forma T-V, teniendo en cuenta las variables de género, edad, y nivel socio-educativo de los hablantes, y en qué contextos esta forma es utilizada. El método que se ha utilizado es el de participante-observador en interacciones conversacionales suscitadas en Montevideo, en contextos reales como son diálogos en tiendas, reuniones, etc. Se transcribieron los fragmentos de diálogos en los cuales la variante de tuteo característica del habla montevideana fue empleada, y se diseñaron tres tablas a modo de presentar una clasificación de los hablantes que utilizaron esta forma, según las variables mencionadas líneas arriba, y, finalmente, se seleccionaron para un análisis más detallado los diálogos que se consideraron más relevantes. Mediante estos ejemplos concretos, se han establecido las bases para un estudio mayor, el cual pruebe que la variante T-V, lejos de estar siendo cada vez menos utilizada, se encuentra, al contrario, establecida en el habla de los montevideanos.

To reveal the theories and practices that linked education to the development within the cities of Boston and Buenos Aires, and in turn to the development of US and Argentina nationalism, “Cosmopolitan Imperialism” centers on two education reformers, Horace Mann (1776-1859) and Domingo Faustino Sarmiento (1811-1888). Mann and Sarmiento formed part of a supra-national community where liberal intellectual elites created a republic of letters, or perhaps better said, a republic of schools. As different versions of education branched out from a common Atlantic origin during the nineteenth century, Mann and Sarmiento searched for those ideas that better fit their national projects, a local project that started in the cities and moved to the interior parts of the country. In Boston and Buenos Aires, modern nationalism intertwined with imperial projects. This dissertation thus analyzes nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century as an imperial project led by cosmopolitan intellectual elites. While we might expect to find Mann and Sarmiento’s ideas on education to be centered on their national experiences, looking to Europe for inspiration, this dissertation shows that it was quite the opposite. Educational ideas developed within an interconnected network and traveled within the North-South axis connecting Boston with Buenos Aires. This framework moves the focus from the interchange of ideas between America and Europe and places it within the American continent. At the same time, it allows us to consider Latin American and the US as both creators and recipients of educational ideas. There is a traditional way of talking about nationalism and reform in the nineteenth-century, especially in terms of education and educational policies. It is common to imagine that in the US, and even more certainly in Latin America, educated elites looked to the so-called West for inspiration. The argument is that they ended up adapting foreign models to their local and internal contexts. This dissertation challenges that idea and shows that different versions of education developed from a shared Atlantic milieu in which reformers in certain cities saw themselves as part of the same cosmopolitan empires.

During the vastly transformative stages of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, notions of the urban and definitions of childhood mutually intersected to create and define a modern Argentine landscape. The construction of new urban environments for children defined and reflected larger liberal elites’ definitions of childhood writ large. To better understand the production of this modern childhood in Argentina, this dissertation examines its other through the spatial-discourses behind constructions of childhood for the socio-economic lower classes - children who largely did not meet the expectations of the elite. I employ the use of both published and archival sources, from 1880 to 1955, providing textual analyses of the language of reformers – primarily state and municipal authorities, pedagogues, hygienists, philanthropists and urban planners – alongside spatial analyses of the built environment, including kindergartens, playgrounds, and open-air schools within the city of Buenos Aires, as well as a healthcare facility and themed park in the province of Buenos Aires. Urban intellectuals, educators and overall reformers increasingly considered play as paramount to children’s physical and psychological development, focusing on where children played, how they played and what their play meant. Childhood became a contested ideological space, constructed and negotiated alongside notions of Argentine national identity. By moving beyond textual analyses of professionals’ discourses, this dissertation not only contributes to our understanding of Argentine childhood, but also points to ways in which the built environment embodies modern notions of childhood.

No description available.

En el presente estudio doctoral se aborda el tema de la Gestión de los Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (GIRSU) con el objetivo de describir los sistemas y analizar la eficiencia en la gestión táctica de los mismos. Para ello, se seleccionaron dos regiones de interés, el Sudodeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (SOBA) y Cataluña, a partir de los cuales se recolectaron los datos necesarios de 18 y 19 municipios respectivamente, para evaluar la eficiencia relativa de los mismos mediante el análisis DEA. Se realizaron diferentes modelos DEA, con rendimientos constantes y variables, para obtener distintos resultados, así como las recomendaciones necesarias para llevar los municipios hacia la eficiencia. Los resultados indican a Bahía Blanca como la única localidad del SOBA que registra la máxima eficiencia en todos los análisis, y a Terrasa en la región de Cataluña. Posteriormente, se utilizan los resultados obtenidos en DEA para entrenar Redes Neuronales Artificiales y formular modelos de Regresión Lineal, que ayuden en la toma de decisiones de largo plazo, respecto a la proyección de aumento de generación de RSU así como la planificación inicial de recursos para que los municipios del SOBA migren a un sistema de GIRSU que valorice los RSU, como el instalado en Cataluña. Los resultados muestran que sólo las localidades de Bahía Blanca, Carmen de Patagones, Laprida, Monte Hermoso y Villalonga, necesitarían ampliar su capacidad actual de camiones para migrar a un sistema por contenedores (además de adaptarlos con la tecnología necesaria), mientras que, en cuestión de disponibilidad de personal, todas las localidades muestran estar sobradas y preparadas para migrar a dicho sistema. / In the present thesis, the tactical management of Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSW) is addressed with the aim of describing the system and analyzing its efficiency. For this, two regions of interest were selected, the Southeast of the Province of Buenos Aires of Argentina (SOBA) and Catalonia, Spain. For this purpose, data from 18 and 19 municipalities respectively for each region was collected to evaluate the relative efficiency through the DEA analysis. Different DEA models were applied with constant and variable yields to obtain different efficiency results as well as the recommendations to enhance the efficiency of the municipalities. The results indicate that Bahia Blanca is the only SOBA locality that registers maximum efficiency in all the performed analyses. Similarly, Terrasa is the efficient locality in the region of Catalonia. Later, the results obtained in DEA were used to train Artificial Neural Networks and to formulate models of Linear Regression that support the decision-making process in the long run, considering the expected increment in the MSW generation waste. In order to migrate to a system that recovers the resources from waste, as it is performed in Catalonia), the municipalities from the SOBA Bahía Blanca, Carmen de Patagones, Laprida, Monte Hermoso, and Villalonga need to expand the current capacity of trucks to migrate to a system by containers (in addition to adapting them with the necessary technology). However, in regard to the availability of personnel, the localities do not require to make any adjustment.

La "carda silvestre" (Dipsacus fullonum, Dipsacaceae) es una maleza invasora de abundancia creciente en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, fundamentalmente de áreas protegidas, pastizales y márgenes de caminos. Se indica que esta especie ha ocasionado impactos negativos de importancia, como por ejemplo disminución de la diversidad florística nativa, reducción de forraje disponible y que además se constituye como un hospedante alternativo de plagas de cultivo. La presente tesis tuvo como propósito estudiar las bases bioecológicas que explican la capacidad invasora de D. fullonum y evaluar la factivilidad de utilizar distintas prácticas de manejo para lograr el control de sus poblaciones. Para ello se efectuaron experimentos que involucraron investigaciones acerca de a) la producción de semillas, germinación y emergencia de plántulas, b) el crecimiento y desarrollo de la planta en condiciones locales, c) los mecanismos de interferencias provocados sobre especies deseables y en el suelo, d) la eficiencia del control mecánico y químico, y e) los patógenos que atacan a la maleza que puedan ser utilizados como agentes de control biológico. En primer lugar, plantas de D. fullonum creciendo solas fueron capaces de producir más de 15.000 semillas, las que a su vez presentaron una alta capacidad para germinar en condiciones óptimas (>90%) . Asimismo, la germinación ocurrió en un rango amplio de pH (3-12) y temperaturas (8-34ºC), moderado estrés hídrico (<-0,8 MPa) y elevado estrés salino (<320mM). Incluso se observó que mantienen una alta viabilidad por períodos de hasta un año, expuestas tanto a bajas como a altas temperaturas y también sumergidas en agua. Por otra parte, en el suelo pueden permanecer viables hasta tres años. La emergencia de plántulas se concentró en mayor medida en otoño y no fue detectada más alla de los 5 cm. de profundidad del suelo. En segundo lugar, D. fullonum cumplió su ciclo de crecimiento en el término de doce meses, en el cual se registró que las mayores tasas de crecimiento ocurrieron en estadios tempranos y en prefloración. Las rosetas almacenan reservas en la raíz axonoforma y además presentan índices foliares más elevados que plantas en estado reproductivo. En tercer lugar, se observó que la carda presentó una habilidad intermedia-alta para competir con distintas gramíneas nativas y exóticas. Además se registraron efectos filotóxicos de extractos de tejidos de la maleza sobre la germinación de éstas gramíneas. Al mismo tiempo, se determinó un aumento del contenido de nitratos y de la capacidad de intercambio catiónico de suelos invadidos por carda. En cuarto lugar, entre las herramientas de manejo evaluadas se destacan, el herbicida glifosato aplicado en estadios tempranos y el corte mecánico, cuando se efectuó al momento que las plantas florecen. Finalmente, el patógeno fúngico Cercospora elongata se constituyó como el candidato más promisorio para su incorporación como agente de control biológico, debido a su especificidad inferida, su amplia disctribución y facilidad de ser manipulado en el laboratorio. La información documentada en ésta tesis resuta en un aporte al conocimiento acerca de las bases biológicas y ecológicas que le permiten a D. fullonum invadir áreas de esta región y contribuye con aspectos básicos para el planteo de un enfoque de manejo integrado para esta maleza. / Common teasel (Dipsacus fullonum, Dipsacaceae) is an invasive weed that is increasing abundance in Buenos Aires province, especially in protected areas, grasslands and roadsides. This weed is known to have caused important negative impacts, such as a decline of native species diversity, a reduction of available forage and an increase in crop pathogens by acting as an alternate host. The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the bioecological bases that explain the invasive ability of D. fullonum and to assess the feasibility of incorporating different management practices to its control. To archieve these objetives several experiments were carried out includ the study of a) teasel seed production, seed germination and emergence of seedlings, b) plant growth and development under local conditions, c) the interference mechanisms which affect desirable species and soil , d) the efficiency of mechanical and chemical control, and e) the pathogens that can be used as biological control agents. It was found that, in the first place, seed production reached 15,000 units in plants of growing alone and the gerrmination of such seeds was greater than 90% in optimal conditions. Besides, germination occurs in a wide range of pH (3 to 12) and temperature (8 to 34ºC). In addition, seed showed a moderate tolerance to water stress (<-0.8 MPa) and high tolerance to salt stress contiditions (<320mM). Moreover, seeds were able to remain viable for over a one year period without germination changes, even when exposed to both low and high temperatures and flooding conditions.Futhermore, seeds continued to be viable for up to three years in the field. Teasel emergence was found to be concentrated in fall and no seedlings emerged when seed was beyond 5 cm. of soil depth. Secondly, growth cycle was completed whithin 12 months. It was observed that the highest growth rates occurred during early stages of the cycle and before flowering. Rosettes stored resources in their taproot and also have higher leaf indices than flowering plants. Thirdly, teasel exhibited a greater competivive ability than both the native and exotic grasses evañiated. Phytototxic effects of teasel tissue extracts on the germination of grasses were recorded. Soil nitrare content and cation exchange capacity were both increased by teasel invasion at several sites. Glyphosate was highly efficient when it was applied during the early stages. Similary, the development of seedheads was prevented only when flowering plants were cut. Finally, it was found that the most promising candidate to be used as a biological control agent was Cercospora elongata because ot its inferred specificity, wide distribution and easy manipulation in the laboratory. The information documented in this dissertation is a contribution to the knowledge of the biological and ecological traits that allow D. fullonum to invade areas in the region under study, and to the establishment of strategies towards and integrated management approach.