<p>  </p> <p>Available literature indicated that construction projects have been experiencing significant time overruns from their planned duration. In many cases, the primary reasons for project delays were ineffective planning and scheduling methods, poor communication and collaboration between the key stakeholders, and the construction operations and task requirements have been overlooked.</p> <p>Construction project planning and scheduling are extensively studied topics, and several techniques have been developed to solve construction project scheduling problems. Traditional production planning and scheduling techniques are based on the push planning strategy, such as linear and network scheduling techniques. In the traditional method, the project scheduler calculates activity durations and then sequences them to determine when to complete the work. These techniques and planning methods have been criticized for lacking collaboration between project workers and realistic integration of the project time, location, and other essential resources to create a reliable work schedule. Furthermore, the inability to account for site operations, tasks, and workflow leads to waste and delay. </p> <p>Consequently, Ballard and Howell (1990) proposed the last planner system, and then Ballard et al. (2000) further developed the method. In the last planner system, all key stakeholders and the project management team actively communicate and coordinate to accomplish the project’s planned milestones. The last planner system and pull planning scheduling objective is improving workflow and increasing plan reliability. However, the pull planning scheduling method has some limitations. For instance, this method cannot be used to determine the available work capacity in each working space and show how much work can be completed at a given time. In addition, the pull planning and LPS system are highly descriptive and experienced-based, relying on the decision and experiences of the site supervisors. </p> <p>Available literature concerning construction project delay also indicated that ineffective planning and scheduling, slow decision-making, and poor communication and coordination had been the top critical causes of construction project delay.</p> <p>Therefore, this research was conducted to minimize construction project time and cost overrun due to poor scheduling and production planning. The study has been conducted in two main parts. In the first part of this study, critical causes of project delay have been analyzed, and the contribution of poor planning and scheduling to construction project delays in different environments has been assessed. The relative importance index and Spearman’s coefficient techniques have been utilized to analyze the collected data.  The second section of this research work was conducted to investigate the construction scheduling reliability and production efficiency and developed the enhanced production planning and scheduling method to improve schedule reliability and production plan efficiency.  The reason for developing the enhanced production planning and scheduling method was to find the best work option to optimize work duration and efficiently plan required resources per category of the identified activities. In addition, this study has automated the scheduling input data capturing from the project BIM model by utilizing the developed visual program.</p> <p>The study finding in the first section indicated that the top ten critical causes of identified causes of project delay in specified environments were significantly different. However, Ineffective project planning and scheduling had been among the most critical causes in all three conditions. Ineffective planning and scheduling were ranked number one in developed environment conditions, second in developing countries, and fifth in high-risk environments.</p> <p>Study results in the second section have shown that the case study's executed schedule had experienced significant changes in the planned dates of individual tasks, project milestones, and resource allocation. The project schedule critical path and critical activities were changed repeatedly after each update, and the project structure work was delayed for 30 days from its initial plan, as illustrated in figures 33 to 35. Subsequently, the enhanced planning methodology has been applied in the selected case study to validate the developed method and evaluate the result of the case study. The case study implemented work plan has been compared with the enhanced planning-based developed schedule. The total duration of the enhanced planning-based method has been calculated to be 240 work days, which shows 30 days less time from implemented case study plan and 50 days from the project base plan in the construction document, as illustrated in figures 39 to 41. </p> <p>Furthermore, the production schedule sensitivity analysis has shown that the production schedule and the case study base plan tasks duration have not been significantly different since both schedules were created based on the similar size of the work crew, but in terms of the number of the planned task, the production schedule had been created based on the most suitable work option. Another advantage of the production schedule is that it is more reliable because the schedule is created for a shorter duration, not long before the project work starts, and it is created after multiple collaborations and assessment steps. In addition, the developed program in this study using Revit dynamo automated the extraction of input data from the BIM model to create the project schedule. </p> <p>In conclusion, based on the case study results, the enhanced production planning methodology and developed metrics and indices can be applied to various building construction projects to find the most suitable work option and create a reliable and resource-efficient work schedule. </p>

<p dir="ltr">Smart windows, dynamically adjusting optical transmittance, face global adoption challenges due to climatic and economic variability. Aiming these issues, we synthesized a methyl cellulose (MC) salt system with high tunability for intrinsic optical transmittance (89.3%), which can be applied globally to various locations. Specifically, the MC window has superior heat shielding potential below transition temperatures while turning opaque at temperatures above the Lower Critical Solution Temperature (LCST), reducing the solar heat gain by 55%. Such optical tunability is attributable to the particle size change triggered by the temperature-induced reversible coil-to-globular transition. This leads to effective refractive index and scattering modulation, making them prospective solutions for light management systems, an application ahead of intelligent fenestration systems. MC-based windows demonstrated a 9°C temperature decrease compared to double-pane windows on sunny days and a 5°C increase during winters in field tests, while simulations predict an 11% energy savings.</p><p dir="ltr">Incorporating MC-based phase change materials in passive solar panels indicated optimized energy efficiency, offering a sustainable alternative. Real-time simulations validate practical applicability in large-scale solar panels. Furthermore, a temperature-responsive sorbent with a dark layer demonstrates an optimal optical and water uptake performance. Transitioning between radiative cooling and solar heating, the sorbent exhibits high water harvesting efficiency in lab and field tests. With an adjustable LCST at 38 ℃, the cellulose-based sorbent presents a potential solution for atmospheric water harvesting, combining optical switching and temperature responsiveness for sustainable water access. Furthermore, the ubiquitous availability of materials, low cost, and ease-of-manufacturing will provide technological equity and foster our ambition towards net-zero buildings and sustainable future.</p>

No description available.

<p>  </p> <p>Traditional manual code compliance checking process is a time-consuming, costly, and error-prone process that has many shortcomings (Zhang & El-Gohary, 2015). Therefore, automated code compliance checking systems have emerged as an alternative to traditional code compliance checking. However, computer software cannot directly process regulatory information in unstructured building code texts. To support automated code compliance checking, building codes need to be transformed to a computer-processable, structured format. In particular, the problem that most automated code compliance checking systems can only check a limited number of building code requirements stands out.</p> <p>The transformation of building code requirements into a computer-processable, structured format is a natural language processing (NLP) task that requires highly accurate part-of-speech (POS) tagging results on building codes beyond the state of the art. To address this need, this dissertation research was conducted to provide a method to improve the performance of POS taggers by error-driven transformational rules that revise machine-tagged POS results. The proposed error-driven transformational rules fix errors in POS tagging results in two steps. First, error-driven transformational rules locate errors in POS tagging by their context. Second, error-driven transformational rules replace the erroneous POS tag with the correct POS tag that is stored in the rule. A dataset of POS tagged building codes, namely the Part-of-Speech Tagged Building Codes (PTBC) dataset (Xue & Zhang, 2019), was published in the Purdue University Research Repository (PURR). Testing on the dataset illustrated that the method corrected 71.00% of errors in POS tagging results for building codes. As a result, the POS tagging accuracy on building codes was increased from 89.13% to 96.85%.</p> <p>This dissertation research was conducted to provide a new POS tagger that is tailored to building codes. The proposed POS tagger utilized neural network models and error-driven transformational rules. The neural network model contained a pre-trained model and one or more trainable neural layers. The neural network model was trained and fine-tuned on the PTBC (Xue & Zhang, 2019) dataset, which was published in the Purdue University Research Repository (PURR). In this dissertation research, a high-performance POS tagger for building codes using one bidirectional Long-short Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) trainable layer, a BERT-Cased-Base pre-trained model, and 50 epochs of training was discovered. This model achieved 91.89% precision without error-driven transformational rules and 95.11% precision with error-driven transformational rules, outperforming the otherwise most advanced POS tagger’s 89.82% precision on building codes in the state of the art.</p> <p>Other automated information extraction methods were also developed in this dissertation. Some automated code compliance checking systems represented building codes in logic clauses and used pattern matching-based rules to convert building codes from natural language text to logic clauses (Zhang & El-Gohary 2017). A ruleset expansion method that can expand the range of checkable building codes of such automated code compliance checking systems by expanding their pattern matching-based ruleset was developed in this dissertation research. The ruleset expansion method can guarantee: (1) the ruleset’s backward compatibility with the building codes that the ruleset was already able to process, and (2) forward compatibility with building codes that the ruleset may need to process in the future. The ruleset expansion method was validated on Chapters 5 and 10 of the International Building Code 2015 (IBC 2015). The Chapter 10 of IBC 2015 was used as the training dataset and the Chapter 5 of the IBC 2015 was used as the testing dataset. A gold standard of logic clauses was published in the Logic Clause Representation of Building Codes (LCRBC) dataset (Xue & Zhang, 2021). Expanded pattern matching-based rules were published in the dissertation (Appendix A). The expanded ruleset increased the precision, recall, and f1-score of the logic clause generation at the predicate-level by 10.44%, 25.72%, and 18.02%, to 95.17%, 96.60%, and 95.88%, comparing to the baseline ruleset, respectively. </p> <p>Most of the existing automated code compliance checking research focused on checking regulatory information that was stored in textual format in building code in text. However, a comprehensive automated code compliance checking process should be able to check regulatory information stored in other parts, such as, tables. Therefore, this dissertation research was conducted to provide a semi-automated information extraction and transformation method for tabular information processing in building codes. The proposed method can semi-automatically detect the layouts of tables and store the extracted information of a table in a database. Automated code compliance checking systems can then query the database for regulatory information in the corresponding table. The algorithm’s initial implementation accurately processed 91.67 % of the tables in the testing dataset composed of tables in Chapter 10 of IBC  2015. After iterative upgrades, the updated method correctly processed all tables in the testing dataset. </p>

[ES] El desarrollo de materiales en la industria de la construcción tiene un impacto directo en las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero; al interpretar la relación de los aspectos relacionados con su producción, uso, reutilización, energía incorporada, será posible comprender y planificar criterios para calcular sus emisiones y su relación con los costos óptimos de construcción. Las emisiones de gas efecto invernadero- GEI en la construcción de los edificios agrupan un conjunto de datos, en el que es posible relacionar las emisiones específicas de carbono - CO₂ para cada material. La información sobre emisiones debe estar catalogada con criterios de selección y estar calificada. Esta investigación se basa en una clasificación y calificación de criterios, para recopilar datos sobre emisiones de CO₂ en los materiales de la edificación, en base a los datos en las declaraciones ambientales de los productos- DAP(s) desarrolladas a partir de los cálculos de emisiones, bajo los estándares e ISO (s) (International Organization for Standardization- ISO) vigentes en la unión europea. El criterio para compilar datos de CO₂ se aplicó al Catálogo de soluciones constructivas de la Base de Datos de Construcción del Instituto Valenciano de la Construcción- IVE, para ingresar datos sobre emisiones de materiales. Los datos sobre emisiones de CO₂ se clasificaron en una muestra representativa de 815 materiales estudiados del Catálogo de soluciones de construcción, de la Base de datos de construcción del Instituto Valenciano de la Construcción-IVE, Anexo I: Aislamiento térmico y acústico (2019), Valencia, España; Analizando las declaraciones ambientales de productos existentes (DAP) con datos sobre los potenciales de calentamiento global -GWP [kg CO₂ equivalente- eq], esta información fue calificada con 3 puntos evaluados: 1) uso de UNE-EN 15804: 1.00 puntos, 2) uso de EN ISO 14025: 1.00 puntos, 3) DAP y datos sobre fechas actuales: 1.00 puntos; utilidad para el catálogo IVE: 0.00 a <2.00 (No útil); > 3.00 (Útil). La calificación y la obtención de 3.00 puntos proporcionaron datos de emisiones útiles de acuerdo con: a) GWP [kg CO₂ eq], b) DAP, Norma (s) e ISO (s), c) datos públicos. Los datos se relacionaron con análisis de fachadas y el uso de nuevos materiales, sumado al coste óptimo, en relación con el análisis de casos; de los edificios tipo 1-2 más representativos de la comunidad valenciana, para identificar la relación de costos y las emisiones de CO₂ se analizó la elección comparativa de materiales en base a los datos calificados y evaluados por el macro criterio de compilación, demostrando como resultado que en el caso de la rehabilitación de fachadas, la elección de los materiales, el costo y los datos de emisión se relaciona al impacto ambiental de una construcción. / [CA] El desenvolupament de materials en la indústria de la construcció té un impacte directe en les emissions (gasos efecte hivernacle); a l'interpretar la relació dels aspectes relacionats amb la seva producció, ús, reutilització, energia incorporada, serà possible comprendre i planificar criteris per calcular-ne les emissions i la seva relació amb els costos òptims de construcció. Les emissions de gasos d'efecte hivernacle en la construcció d'edificis agrupen un conjunt de dades, en el qual és possible relacionar les emissions específiques de carboni -CO₂ per a cada material. La informació sobre emissions ha d'estar catalogada amb criteris de selecció i estar qualificada. Aquesta investigació es basa en una classificació i qualificació de criteris, per recopilar dades sobre les emissions de CO₂ en els materials de construcció, en base a les declaracions ambientals del producte - EPD (s) d'acord amb els càlculs d'emissions, estàndards i ISO (s) (International Organization for Standardization- ISO) vigents a la Unió europea. El criteri per compilar dades de CO₂ es va aplicar a el Catàleg de solucions constructives de la Base de Dades de Construcció d'l'Institut Valencià de la Construcció-IVE, per ingressar dades sobre emissions de materials. Les dades sobre emissions de CO₂ es van classificar en una mostra representativa de 815 materials estudiats de l'Catàleg de solucions de construcció, de la Base de dades de construcció de l'Institut Valencià de la Construcció-IVE, Annex I: Aïllament tèrmic i acústic (2019), València, Espanya; Analitzant les declaracions ambientals de productes existents (EPD) amb dades sobre el potencial d'escalfament global -GWP [kg CO2 eq], la informació es va qualificar amb 3 punts avaluats: 1) ús d'UNE-EN 15804: 1.00 punts, 2) ús de EN ISO 14025: 1.00 punts, 3) DAP i dades sobre dates actuals: 1.00 punts; utilitat per al catàleg IVE: 0.00 a <2.00 (No útil); > 3.00 (Útil). La qualificació i l'obtenció de 3.00 punts van proporcionar dades d'emissions útils d'acord amb: a) GWP [kg CO₂ eq], b) DAP, Norma (s) i ISO (s), c) dades públiques actuals. Les dades es van relacionar amb anàlisi de façanes i l'ús de nous materials, sumat a el cost òptim, en relació amb l'anàlisi de casos; dels edificis tipus 1-2 més representatius de la Comunitat Valenciana, per a identificar la relació de costos i les emissions de CO₂ es va analitzar l'elecció comparativa de materials en base a les dades qualificats i avaluats pel macro criteri de compilació, demostrant com a resultat que en el cas de la rehabilitació de façanes, l'elecció dels materials, el cost i les dades d'emissió es relaciona a l'impacte ambiental d'una construcció. / [EN] The industrial development of construction materials establishes an environmental impact in relation to emissions. When interpreting the relationship of the aspects related to its production, use, reuse, incorporated energy, it will be possible to understand and plan criteria to calculate its emissions and its relation to the optimal construction costs. Greenhouse gas emissions in building construction group a set of data, in which it is possible to relate the specific carbon -CO₂ emissions for each material. The information on emissions must be cataloged with selection criteria and be qualified. This research is based on qualification of criteria, to collect data on CO₂ emissions in construction materials, based on the environmental declarations of the product - EPD (s) according to the calculations of emissions, standards and ISO (s) (International Organization for Standardization- ISO) in force in the European Union. The criterion for compiling CO₂ data was applied to the Catalog of constructive solutions of the Construction Database of the Valencian Institute of Construction-IVE, to enter data on material emissions. The data on CO₂ emissions were classified in a representative sample of 815 materials studied from the Catalog of construction solutions, from the Construction Database of the Valencian Institute of Construction-IVE, Annex I: Thermal and acoustic insulation (2019), Valencia Spain; Analyzing the environmental declarations of existing products (EPD) with data on the Global Warming Potential -GWP [kg CO₂ eq] (IPCC, 2007), the information was rated with 3 points evaluated: 1) use of UNE-EN 15804: 1.00 points, 2) use of EN ISO 14025: 1.00 points, 3) EPD and data on current dates: 1.00 points; utility for the IVE catalog: 0.00 to <2.00 (Not useful); > 3.00 (Useful). The qualification and the obtaining of 3.00 points provided useful emission data according to: a) GWP [kg CO₂ eq], b) DAP, Standard (s) and ISO (s), c) current public data. The data were related to façade analysis and the new production of materials, added to the optimal cost, in case analysis; were analyzed most representative type 1-2 buildings of the Valencian community to identify the relationship of costs and CO₂ emissions, the comparative choice of materials was analyzed the data grading evaluated whit the macro compilation criterion, demonstrating as a result that in the case of the rehabilitation of facades, the choice of materials, cost and emission data is related to the environmental impact of a construction. / Arguedas Garro, CE. (2021). Estudio de datos relativos a emisiones de CO2 en materiales de construcción como estrategia para la rehabilitación de fachadas con bajo impacto ambiental [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171021

<p dir="ltr">Work from home (WFH) moves work into home life, reshaping the residential, workplace, and commuting activities, which further impacts greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Although existing work has explored individual time-use patterns under WFH, there is a lack of complete consideration of diverse activities, their durations and timelines, as well as the comparisons with traditional life at home and Work in Office (WIO). Also, existing studies have examined GHG emissions under WFH, while individual-level estimation using activity-specific data covering all major activities is lacking. In particular, limited studies explored individual time-use patterns and quantified activity-based emissions for the construction workforce. Therefore, this dissertation aims to (1) develop an activity-based individual-level model to estimate GHG emissions under WFH, (2) compare individual time-use patterns and activity-based GHG emissions between traditional life at home, WFH, and WIO to understand how WFH affects work, life, and the environment, especially for the construction workforce, and (3) propose activity-based decarbonization strategies to reduce GHG emissions. By employing the proposed model, high-resolution calculations of individual time-use patterns and activity-based emissions were achieved, revealing major activities’ durations and timing and highlighting major contributing activities to emissions under WFH. When shifting from traditional life at home to WFH, individuals reduced sleeping and leisure hours to incorporate work activity, resulting in an 11.34% reduction in GHG emissions. When comparing WFH to WIO, individuals reduced work and commuting time to include more cooking and leisure activities at home, mitigating GHG emissions by 29.11%. Demographic groups and climate regions showed different results mainly because of the varied work and household duties and the characteristics of regions. In addition, the construction workforce reduced GHG emissions by 13% and 46% under WFH compared to traditional life at home and WIO, respectively. Compared to the general public, the construction workforce had more reduction in work and commuting hours and associated emissions when shifting from WIO to WFH. The findings could help envision how WFH influences work, life, and the environment as well as assist both individuals and policymakers in achieving decarbonization and adopting low-carbon living during the work arrangement transition, which could contribute to sustainable development.</p>

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-27T15:59:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA KAROLINE MARTINS LIRA ALVES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 13869497 bytes, checksum: e1d44fd6a83dd1c3599bdeccb1b6086e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T15:59:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERNANDA KAROLINE MARTINS LIRA ALVES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGH 2009..pdf: 13869497 bytes, checksum: e1d44fd6a83dd1c3599bdeccb1b6086e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04 / Este trabalho busca analisar as formas de moradia dos pobres na cidade de Parahyba do Norte-PB. no período entre 1910 e 1930. para compreender como se deram as intervenções no espaço da cidade, especialmente das habitações, e quais as implicações que as reformas urbanas, realizadas nesse período, tiveram na organização da cidade inclusive na forma de viver e morar nela. Tendo em vista que o processo de urbanização/modernização pelo qual passou a urbe buscou suprir não só as carências materiais, dotando-a com serviços e equipamentos urbanos de uso coletivo, tais como energia elétrica, serviço de abastecimento de água e saneamento, calçamento, alargamento das avenidas, bem como construção de praças e jardins públicos, mas também objetivava modificar os hábitos de seus moradores a partir da normatização dos usos dos espaços públicos e privados, a fim de manter a ordem estabelecida pelas autoridades em conjunto com as elites, os quais banhados pelos ideais de "progresso" e "civilização" procuraram gestar novas formas de habitabilidade bem como de sociabilidade condizentes com os novos padrões burgueses. De modo que, chamamos atenção para o modo de vida dos populares, com suas práticas cotidianas, suas formas de diversão, que em grande medida representaram uma ressignificação do projeto de modernização idealizado pelas elites. / This paper analyzed the forms of dwelling for the poor in the city of North-Parahyba PB. in the period between 1910 and 1930, to understand how interventions are made within the city, especially of the dwelling, and which the implications what the urbane reforms carried out in this period, had the organization of the city including in the form of live and life it. I have in mind that the process of urbanization / modernization over which it passed the city looked to provide not only the material lacks, endowing it with services and urbane equipments of collective use, such as electric energy, water supply and sanitation, paving and enlargement of the avenues, as well as construction of squares and public gardens. But also it was aiming to modify the habits of his residents from standardization of the uses public and private spaces, in order to maintain the order established by the authorities together with the elites, which involved by the ideais of "progress" and "civilization" looked to develop new forms of habitable state as well as sociability according to new bourgeois standards. So that, we attract attention for the way of popular life, with their daily practices, their forms of entertainment, which largely represented a new conception of the modernization project idealized by the elites.

Seit Beginn der Industrialisierung ist ein starker Anstieg der anthropogenen Treibhausgaskonzentrationen in der Atmosphäre zu verzeichnen, der zu einer Veränderung des Klimas auf der Erde führt. Schon heute sind die Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt und zahlreiche Bereiche des täglichen Lebens zu beobachten. Diese werden sich mit fortschreitendem Klimawandel noch verstärken. Auch das Bauwesen muss sich auf die sich verändernden klimatischen Einwirkungen wie beispielsweise Sommerhitze, Überflutung, Starkregen, Hagel und Wind einstellen. Für keine der genannten klimatischen Einwirkungen ist das Änderungssignal in den Klimaprojektionen so eindeutig wie für die Sommerhitze. Aus diesem Grund wird der Handlungsbedarf beim sommerlichen Wärmeschutz als besonders hoch eingeschätzt. In den westlichen Industriestaaten halten sich Erwachsene während des Sommers circa 80 % der Zeit in Innenräumen auf. Deshalb ist das Innenraumklima von entscheidender Bedeutung für die Behaglichkeit, die geistige Leistungsfähigkeit und die Gesundheit des Menschen. Wie sich der Klimawandel auf die gebaute Umwelt in Deutschland auswirkt, ist weitestgehend unerforscht. Es ist zu klären, ob nur einzelne baukonstruktive Details, die heutigen Bemessungsregeln oder sogar grundsätzliche Entwurfsprinzipien für Gebäude überdacht werden müssen. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist, eine Untersuchungsmethodik zu entwickeln, mit der die Auswirkungen des bereits beobachteten und des zu erwartenden Klimawandels auf den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz bestehender Bürogebäude beurteilt werden können. Erst dadurch lässt sich ein etwaiger Handlungsbedarf objektiv feststellen und begründen. Ein weiteres wesentliches Ziel besteht darin, beispielhafte Anpassungsmaßnahmen in Abhängigkeit der jeweiligen Baukonstruktion zu entwickeln, mit denen auch in Zukunft die sommerliche Behaglichkeit in bestehenden Bürogebäuden sichergestellt werden kann. Von besonderem Interesse ist dabei die Frage, ob baukonstruktive Maßnahmen allein in Zukunft ausreichen können oder ob zusätzlich anlagentechnische Lösungen zur technischen Kühlung unumgänglich werden. Die entwickelten Anpassungsmaßnahmen sollen die Grundlage für Gebäudekonzepte und Fassadenkonstruktionen sein, welche auch bei fortschreitendem Klimawandel die Anforderungen an die Behaglichkeit und den sommerlichen Wärmeschutz erfüllen. Des Weiteren soll eine Methode zur Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen aufgezeigt werden. Um untersuchen zu können, inwieweit die Verletzbarkeit infolge zunehmender Sommerhitze und der entsprechende Anpassungsbedarf von der Baukonstruktion abhängen, wurden drei Bürogebäude unterschiedlicher Baualtersstufen ausgewählt und mittels dynamisch-thermischer Gebäudesimulation analysiert. Die dynamisch-thermische Gebäudesimulation ist aktuell die detaillierteste Methode zur Beurteilung des sommerlichen Wärmeschutzes. Nur mit ihr können komplexe Gebäudekonzepte oder automatisierte Systeme ausreichend genau nachgebildet werden. Zur Abbildung des bereits stattgefundenen und des projizierten Klimawandels wurden fünf Klimadatensätze verwendet, mit denen der Klimawandel von der Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ende des 21. Jahrhunderts dargestellt werden kann. Die Schwachpunkte der drei untersuchten Gebäude wurden analysiert und darauf aufbauend detaillierte Anpassungsvorschläge ausgearbeitet und wiederum über Simulationen bewertet. Umfangreiche Detailzeichnungen zu den angepassten Gebäudekonzepten und Fassadenkonstruktionen sollen eine Umsetzung der Ergebnisse in die Praxis erleichtern. Es werden Möglichkeiten aufgezeigt, den durch diese Maßnahmen erzielten Nutzen in Geldeinheiten zu bewerten. Dadurch können Klimaanpassungsmaßnahmen einer Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtung über Investitionsrechenverfahren zugeführt werden. / Since the beginning of industrialization, a large increase of anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere has been detected. This increase is the main cause for the observed climate change. The impacts of climate change on the environment and numerous aspects of human lives have been visible and will become more and more threatening with ongoing climate change. Civil engineering has to deal with changing climate-related hazards such as summer heat, flooding, torrential rain, hail and storm. For none of the mentioned climatic impacts on buildings, the climate change signal is as unambiguous and robust as for summer heat. Thus, actions to protect from summer overheating are highly required. During summer, adults in the Western industrialized states spend about 80 % of their time indoors. Therefore, indoor climate is of essential importance for comfort, mental performance and human health. The impacts of climate change on the built environment in Germany are rarely investigated. It has to be determined whether the building construction details, current design regulations or the design principles have to be revised. This thesis aims to develop a research methodology, which evaluates the impacts of the observed and expected climate change on the protection against summer overheating of existing office buildings. Only thus a possible need for action can be objectively determined and justified. Another major objective is the development of exemplary adaptation measures for various building construction types to ensure the comfort in existing office buildings during summer. Of particular interest is the question if it will be sufficient in the future to use only passive measures or if it will be unavoidable to install technical cooling capacities. The developed adaptation measures should be the basis for building concepts and façade constructions that are able to guarantee high comfort and an improved protection against summer overheating. Furthermore, a method to evaluate the economic efficiency of adaptation measures is demonstrated. To investigate the relationship between building construction and vulnerability, three buildings of different construction year categories have been analyzed using dynamic thermal building simulations. At present, the dynamic thermal building simulation is the most detailed method for evaluating the protection against summer overheating. This is the only method which is able to reproduce complex building concepts and automated systems in sufficient detail. In order to demonstrate the impacts of the observed and projected climate change on buildings between the middle of the 20th century and the end of the 21st century, five climate datasets have been applied. The weak points of the three investigated buildings have been analyzed. Based on this, detailed adaptation measures have been developed and evaluated by thermal building simulations. Comprehensive drawings, which show the adapted building concepts and façade details, will facilitate the application in practice. Different possibilities are demonstrated to express the achieved benefit from the adaptation measures in monetary units. Therefore, adaptation measures can be assessed by investment calculations.

The doctoral thesis deals with the management of regions construction investments. The aim of the doctoral thesis is to monitor the efficiency of the regions of the Czech Republic, which is pursue by gross domestic product indicator and investment activities that are held in the regions. Investment activity is observed in detailed breakdowns on the projects of civil engineering and transport infrastructure. Very important source of construction activity in recent years have become the European funds. Therefore the thesis observe the dependence of the projects on EU financial support. The main outcome of this doctoral thesis is to identify a possible link between the performance of individual regions of the Czech Republic and investment activities occurring here.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to process a building construction project for the apartment building “Za Pivovarem” in Lázně Bohdaneč. The building is designed as a four-floor object which has a flat roof, 24 apartments, 24 cellars, 10 garage stalls, 3 terraces that belong to the apartments on the 1st floor and enclosed balconies or balconies for the apartments in the above floors. The thesis focuses on the organization and preparation of the construction process. It contains a technological project for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete floors, which includes also drawings of formwork, a technical-economic balance sheet of the formwork costs and a calculation of the time for formwork removal, a technological project for anhydrite floors and inspection and test plans for both of the above mentioned building procedures, which are dealt with in a more detailed way. The implementation of other construction procedures is described in the preliminary design of implementation. Concerning the work safety, the plan of health and safety at work, focusing on work at heights and other dangers connected to work on the floor constructions, has been processed. Furthermore, there is a time and finance schedule for the whole construction, a construction site project, a set of main machines and mechanisms which includes a comparison of a mobile crane and a tower crane. In addition, broader transport relations have been assessed. The thesis also contains an instruction manual on the main object.