Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeLNBM_DISSERT.pdf: 459757 bytes, checksum: 201aafc0b6e781f76366e42238216fdc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-23 / This work aims to investigate the relationship between the entrepreneurship and the incidence of bureaucratic corruption in the states of Brazil and Federal District. The main hypothesis of this study is that the opening of a business in Brazilian states is negatively affected by the incidence of corruption. The theoretical reference is divided into Entrepreneurship and bureaucratic corruption, with an emphasis on materialistic perspective (objectivist) of entrepreneurship and the effects of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity. By the regression method with panel data, we estimated the models with pooled data and fixed and random effects. To measure corruption, I used the General Index of Corruption for the Brazilian states (BOLL, 2010), and to represent entrepreneurship, firm entry per capita by state. Tests (Chow, Hausman and Breusch-Pagan) indicate that the random effects model is more appropriate, and the preliminary results indicate a positive impact of bureaucratic corruption on entrepreneurial activity, contradicting the hypothesis expected and found in previous articles to Brazil, and corroborating the proposition of Dreher and Gassebner (2011) that, in countries with high regulation, bureaucratic corruption can be grease in the wheels of entrepreneurship / O presente estudo tem por objetivo verificar a rela??o entre empreendedorismo e incid?ncia da corrup??o burocr?tica nos estados brasileiros e Distrito Federal. A principal hip?tese do estudo ? que a abertura de empresas nos estados brasileiros ? afetada negativamente pela incid?ncia da corrup??o. O referencial te?rico ? dividido em Empreendedorismo; e Corrup??o burocr?tica, com ?nfase na perspectiva materialista (objetivista) do empreendedorismo e nos efeitos da corrup??o burocr?tica sobre a atividade empreendedora. Atrav?s do m?todo de regress?o com dados em painel, foram estimados os modelos com dados agrupados e com efeitos fixos e aleat?rios. Para mensurar a corrup??o, utilizou-se o ?ndice Geral da Corrup??o para os estados brasileiros (BOLL, 2010), e para representar o empreendedorismo, a abertura de empresas per capita por estado. Os resultados preliminares apontam que o modelo de efeitos aleat?rios ? o mais apropriado - testes de Chow, Hausman e Breusch-Pagan -, indicando um impacto positivo da corrup??o burocr?tica sobre a atividade empreendedora, contrariando a hip?tese esperada para o Brasil, e corroborando a proposi??o de Dreher e Gassebner (2011) de que, em pa?ses com alta regulamenta??o, a corrup??o burocr?tica pode ser um lubrificante na abertura de empresas

This study analyzes the guardianship role on entrepreneurial freedom fundamental rights, non- discrimination in economic and property aspects exerted by the Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission from the National Institute for the Defense of Competition and IntellectualProperty (Indecopi) developed throughout resolutions and administrative cases set up by the Defense of Competition Chamber #1. This role is particularly relevant in our legal system, due to their special functions the Elimination of Bureaucratic Barriers Commission is entitled by legal mandate to establish the non- application of rules in specific cases exercising legal control. This administrative function- initially misunderstood-has proved to be an efficient tool for the guardianship of economic rights due to our judicial system ineffectiveness in contentious administrative matters. The author considers the possibility of making a constitutional reform in order to provide specialized administrative bodies, such as INDECOPI, with the quality of “primary administrative jurisdiction” whose resolutions will only be reviewed by the State Council jurisdiction. / En el presente estudio se analiza el rol de tutela de los derechos fundamentales de libertad de empresa, no discriminación económica y de propiedad ejercido por la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas del Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual —Indecopi—, que se ha desarrollado a través de sus resoluciones y de los precedentes administrativos establecidos por la Sala de Defensa de la Competencia 1. Este rol de tutela es muy relevante en nuestro sistema jurídico, en el cual,por su especialidad funcional, la Comisión de Eliminación de Barreras Burocráticas está habilitada por mandato legal para la inaplicación de normas en casos concretos en ejercicio del control de legalidad. Esta función administrativa —que en sus inicios fue incomprendida— ha resultado una herramienta eficaz para la tutela de los derechos económicos del administrado en razón de la inoperancia del sistema judicialista en locontencioso administrativo en el Perú. El autor considera que debe estudiarse la posibilidad de reformar la Constitución para atribuir a ciertos órganos administrativos especializados, como los del Indecopi, la calidad de jurisdicción administrativa primaria, cuyas resoluciones solo serán revisables por la jurisdicción de un Consejo deEstado.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-29T18:02:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 warlesonperes.pdf: 1938219 bytes, checksum: 9d8be7a6b41b3e19ce6e6fbcaeec8ff4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:29:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 warlesonperes.pdf: 1938219 bytes, checksum: 9d8be7a6b41b3e19ce6e6fbcaeec8ff4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:29:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 warlesonperes.pdf: 1938219 bytes, checksum: 9d8be7a6b41b3e19ce6e6fbcaeec8ff4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-03 / O presente trabalho tem o propósito de investigar as atuais configurações do estágio curricular supervisionado, bem como os impactos ocorridos na Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, após a promulgação da Lei nº 11.788 de 25 de setembro de 2008. Essa lei trouxe novas diretrizes para a gestão dos estágios curriculares supervisionados, tanto para as instituições de ensino quanto para as organizações concedentes. Desse modo, almeja-se estudar qual a melhor concepção de estágio que se adapta à realidade dos cursos selecionados para o estudo, quais foram as estruturas e documentos implementados para atender à atual legislação, bem como diagnosticar quais são os obstáculos que dificultam a operacionalização do estágio supervisionado dento da instituição. A partir do diagnóstico encontrado são propostas ações para sistematização do estágio supervisionado na UFJF. Foram selecionados quatro cursos: Engenharia Civil, Letras, Pedagogia e Enfermagem, por meio dos quais o caso de gestão será analisado. A escolha desses cursos foi pautada pela necessidade de conhecer um curso de cada área de formação, a saber, Ciências Exatas, Ciências Humanas e Ciências da Saúde. O curso de Pedagogia foi escolhido uma vez que a Faculdade de Educação gerencia todos os estágios das licenciaturas da instituição e possui uma estrutura de funcionamento articulada com as demais unidades acadêmicas. Desse modo, a intenção é averiguar como esses cursos estruturaram-se para atender às especificidades de suas modalidades de formação e como está distribuída a responsabilização e controle da supervisão e orientação dos alunos, articulando a dicotomia: o estágio supervisionado ideal e o real. O trabalho é de cunho qualitativo e estudo de caso que utiliza, inicialmente, uma revisão de conteúdos teóricos, análise documental, observações do pesquisador, bem como entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com sujeitos que contribuíram com a elucidação da pesquisa: coordenadores de cursos, coordenadores de estágio, gestores e professores orientadores das disciplinas de estágio. / The present dissertation aims to investigate the current characteristics of the supervised curricular internship, as well as the impacts which occurred at the Federal University of Juiz de Fora, after the enactment of the law number 11.788 of September 25th, 2008. Such law brought several new guidelines to the management of supervised curricular internships, both to the teaching institutions and to the grantor organizations. Thus, we aim to study which is the best conception of internship, which may adapt itself to the reality of the courses selected to the study, which were the structures and documents implemented to address the current legislation, as well as to diagnose which are obstacles that stand in the way of operationalizing the supervised internship within the institution. From the diagnosis we propose actions to systematize the supervised internship at UFJF. Four courses were selected: Civil Engineering, Liberal Arts, Pedagogy and Nursing, through which the case study will be analyzed. Such choice was made based on the necessity of encompassing one course of each of the major areas of knowledge, that is, Exact Sciences, Human Sciences and Biological Sciences. The Pedagogy course was chosen since the School of Education manages all the internships to the teachers in training and possesses a structure articulated with the other academic units. Therefore, our goal is to ascertain how these courses were structured to address the specificities of their formation and how the accountability and supervision oversight is distributed, articulating the dichotomy: the ideal and the real supervised internship. The study is of qualitative nature and is a case study that initially utilizes a theoretical review, documental analysis, observations by the researcher, as well as semi-structured interviews with those who contributed to elucidating the topic: course coordinators, internship coordinators, managers and supervising professors of internship disciplines.

關於外交官場陞遷競賽與外交官僚內外形象經營，本研究藉由Goffman（1959）的劇場理論，將陞遷當作是整場戲劇的主軸，由外交官僚們擔綱演出角色，在有民眾的公開場合展演前臺形象，在有長官的內部環境展演後臺形象。仿效Goffman類比戲劇分析劃分完各種戲劇元素後，本文進入討論外交官僚的印象管理，與以陞遷為主題的互動秩序，依序由正式陞遷制度規範、對外形象展演到官僚間互動潛規則來分層討論外交官場陞遷競賽。此外，在論及與上級的互動秩序時，加入了Scott（1990）討論權力不等的兩群體互動模式，以公開劇本的權力觀點來進一步討論基層外交官僚與高層長官間的互動。 / This research is based on Erving Goffman’s (1959) dramaturgical analytical approach to explore the promotion emulation of diplomats of the Republic of China and their image management strategies to the public as well as to the colleagues. With promotion being the main theme of the play and diplomats as performers, this research reasons by analogy with Goffman’s dramaturgical analysis to discuss how diplomats present themselves in the public sphere where citizens are watching and how they manage their image within their organization among colleagues. After differentiating key elements of the play, the discussion moves onto the interactive manner within diplomatic bureaucratic organization shaped by promotion path, image management and tacit knowledge of interaction among colleagues with a particular focus to identify the promotion competition.

Chinese compradors, official managers, and overseas Chinese capitalists have received scholarly attention of late with special notice to studying their contributions to China’s industrial modernization. This thesis shifts this emphasis to seeing these three groups of Chinese merchants as types of Chinese capitalist middlemen, whose principal efforts were in the commercial sector during the late Qing and early Republican periods. Specifically, it focuses on their activities within Shanghai’s International Settlements, where the openings for entrepreneurial innovation could be made the most of with little interference from Chinese state officials. The market created by Chinese capitalist middlemen is distinguished from the greater Chinese economy by its concentration in Shanghai’s International Settlements and its being a commercial revolution. Particularly, this thesis links entrepreneurial business history with New Institutional Economics by placing the entrepreneur at the heart of Chinese commercial development beginning in the 1860s. It investigates how the above three types of middlemen’s commercial activities impacted the structural organization of the traditional family firm, reshaping this organization into a modern operation. As the traditional Chinese family firm emerged in a political institutional framework that both favored firms’ risk reduction and official sponsorship, Chinese capitalist middlemen played a part in structurally re-organizing the family firm into the modern firm. Chinese entrepreneurial behavior arose through a social process of bridging, which occurred through Chinese middlemen’s daily interactive commercial activities in Western firms in Shanghai. In the cases of compradors, these acculturated practices were employed in their own family firms and reflected a novel risk-taking pattern wherein they engaged in new fields of enterprise. In the cases of guandu shangban enterprises, official managers evolved these firms to absorb the pricing mechanism and lower transaction costs to benefit customers and the firm’s revenue. In the cases of returned overseas Chinese capitalists, in this thesis Australian ones are examined, they capitalized their department stores’ operations through reinvesting overseas Chinese surplus income that had traditionally been returned as remittances home to China. All of them fashioned a cosmopolitan view of themselves and fostered a moral view that combined Confucian and Christian ethics giving rise to a notion of human capital as a form of commercial welfare. / Graduate

This thesis addresses the level of democratic consolidation in South Africa. The study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the current political situation and the general state of democracy. As a method, a single case study was used where the political situation in post-apartheid South Africa was applied upon the concept of democratic consolidation by using five distinctive consolidation arenas: civil society, political society, judiciary, bureaucratic society and economic society. The results of the analysis show a variance in the degree of democratic consolidation in the country. The judiciary is very much well-functioning and independent and can therefore be classified as consolidated. The civil society and some elements of the political society are mostly functioning and can be classified as mostly consolidated with some reservations, while the bureaucratic and economic societies are deemed to be not consolidated. However, South Africa also possesses several obstacles for genuine consolidation that applies to all arenas, namely high degrees of violence, low social trust, and institutional weakness. The democratic system in South Africa is not currently considered to be under serious existential threat and has proven itself capable of withstanding high degrees of pressure. Nevertheless, it is found to be suffering from a type of democratic fatigue and transformation stagnation, which could have the potential to result in more serious implications in the future. South Africa can therefore be classified as a partly consolidated democracy.

The relatively recent developments in AI have caused a lot of discussions surrounding security and privacy, and a consistent theme throughout these discussions have been how privacy as a political and legal term have developed in response. While this isn't necessarily a new phenomenon – privacy concerns have been around since the 19th century when Warren and Brandeis published their seminal paper – the development of AI has marked a new period where privacy has become a socio-political issue. The development of AI also have happened concurrently with changes in governmental paradigms, which makes this relevant albeit possibly difficult to interpret. That makes communicative events – the AI strategies, privacy regulations and news articles – important empirical material for the study. The study's main purpose will be to study how three selected countries - and the practices within them – have shaped their respective artifical intelligence strategies through privacy regulations. This is an important question to ask when changes in organizational ideology have occurred and resulted in New Public Management – an ideology more friendly towards corporations than its 1950s-70s predecessor, when AI was in its infancy. For the purpose of this paper the term artificial intelligence will refer to computer programs and systems on the software level; they are interently dealing with data as a part of their function. And the computer does not check the security and privacy-related implications for the data use unless the programmer specifically makes the artificial intelligence do so; and there are many cases where that would be difficult. The countries chosen for the paper – the United Kingdom, Sweden and Estonia – were selected partly because they are democratic countries, but also partly due to their different stances on artificial intelligence, history and governance methods. These three do share some unifying aspects, such as all being European countries and signatories of the EU's GDPR treaty. The resulting comparision illustrates that differences between the three countries' existing practices do affect how AI strategies and regulations are formed – an important consideration in an environment where privacy has become an intense topic of debate.

With over two million inmates, the United States’ prison population is the largest in the world. Nearly one in one hundred Americans are behind bars, either in prisons or pre-trial detention facilities. The rapid growth in incarceration is well-documented. However, social science explanations often stop at the prison gates, with little work on treatment inside prisons. This black box approach ignores important bureaucratic decisions, including the provision of rehabilitative services and the application of punishment. This dissertation offers a systematic analysis of treatment decisions inside the American prisons. I use a mixed methods approach, combining multiple quantitative datasets with environmental observation at four prisons, and original interviews of twenty-three correctional staff members. I offer the only large-n comparative analysis of American state prisons. Characteristics of the inmates as well as characteristics of staff are explored. I am able to analyze data at the state, facility and individual level. All of this is to answer a crucial and somewhat overlooked question; how do prison staff decide who should be punished and who should receive rehabilitative treatment? I find that theories of social construction offer insight into the treatment of American prison inmates. Specifically, I find that socially constructed racial categories offer explanatory value for inmate treatment. Black and Hispanic inmates are less likely to receive important rehabilitative programs, including access to mental health and medical care. Black and Hispanic inmates are also more likely to receive punishment including the use of solitary confinement in administrative segregation units. I find, consistent with theories of representative bureaucracy that staffing characteristics also impact treatment decisions, with black and Hispanic staff members expressing lower preferences for punishment and prisons with higher percentages of black staff members utilize administrative segregation less. I provide a historical overview of the changing social constructions of crime and prisons inside the United States, from colonial to present day America. I argue that the treatment of prisoners changes as our conception of crime changes. I discuss recent bipartisan attempts at prison reform and offer my own suggestions for reform of the American prison system.

中央政府自遷台以來，已有五十多年的歷史，從反共抗俄的戰時體制，到一黨獨大的威權政體，歷經解嚴、憲改、政黨輪替，逐漸發展成為民主國家，其間的變遷與發展，已經累積出相當豐富可觀的研究內容，特別是從威權政體到民主轉型的變遷發展過程，是一個極為獨特的發展經驗。 本文的研究目的，乃是以政府遷台後我國行政倫理法制發展為核心，並以解嚴前後，作為時間的分割點。主要在探究四個問題：其一，解嚴前，我國行政倫理法制發展的內涵與風格為何？其二，解嚴後，我國行政倫理法制發展的內涵與風格為何？其三，我國行政倫理法制發展所面臨的困境為何？其四，我國行政倫理法制的建構方向為何？大體而言，解嚴前我國行政倫理法制的發展，其追求的核心價值，乃是以官僚行政理論所倡導的效率、能力、專業、忠誠等價值為主；解嚴後我國行政倫理法制的發展，其追求的核心價值，則是以民主行政理論所倡導的回應、參與、代表、公開等價值為主。 本研究從方法論的層次而言，乃是採取一種質的研究觀點；在研究途徑的層次上，著重歷史結構的研究途徑；而在研究方法上，是採用多元的研究方法。在章節的安排上共分為六章。本文從第二章美國行政倫理研究發展與行政倫理的法制發展的文獻分析中，發現影響行政倫理最主要的兩大理論：官僚行政理論與民主行政理論，其因應不同時代環境的需求，而產生不同的行政理論，在不同行政理論的引導下，導致行政倫理不同的價值觀；第三章、第四章則採「事實典範」的觀點，偏重於歷史事實的實質內涵，從文獻與檔案的整理與歸納中，建構解嚴前我國行政倫理法制發展的真實面貌，及解嚴後我國行政倫理法制發展的真實面貌；第五章則分析當前我國行政倫理法制發展所面臨的困境，再以美國及其他先進國家（特別是OECD）的行政倫理的理論與實務規範為基礎，從制度面、法律面、管理面，三個不同層次的面向，提出政策建議，做為建構我國當前行政倫理法制發展的參考方向。

In this study, I examine two writing samples using a heuristic based on Richard A. Lanham's definition of bureaucratic writing in Revising Business Prose: noun-centered, abstract, passive-voiced, dense, and vague. I apply a heuristic to bureaucratic writing to see if Lanham's definition holds and if the writing aids or hinders the information flow necessary to democracy. After analyzing the samples for nominalizations, concrete/abstract terms, active/passive verbs, clear/unclear agents, textual density, and vague text/writers' accountability, I conclude that most of Lanham's definition holds; vague writing hinders the democratic process by not being accountable; and bureaucratic writing is expensive. Writers may humanize bureaucracies by becoming accountable. A complete study requires more samples from a wider source.