Esta tese relata e discute conclusões, métodos e processos usados para mostrar que tendências identificadas ao estudar relações estatísticas entre o número de passageiros transportados, distâncias entre cidades e número de habitantes, variáveis que podem contribuir para explicar o comportamento do volume de deslocamentos de habitantes do Brasil quando o meio de transporte for o ônibus interestadual. Foi montado um banco de dados adotado específico com dados publicados por órgãos públicos de governo do Brasil e colaboração de empresas públicas, privadas e entidades de classe. Os dados foram manuseados para se obter um conjunto contínuo de informação sobre o movimento de passageiros ao longo de 20 anos, entre 1980 e 2000. Foram estudados tendências e comportamento do próprio número de passageiros, distância média por viagem, número médio de viagens e distância viajada por habitante do Brasil. Concluiu-se que estimativas obtidas por análise de regressão linear geram séries de tendência crescente. Mas, estimativas obtidas por uso de séries temporais identificaram tendências para a estabilidade ou a redução dos valores estimados para as variáveis estudadas. / This thesis reports and discusses conclusions, methods and processes used to show that identified tendencies when studying statistical relationships among the number of transported passengers, distances between cities and number of inhabitants can contribute to explain the behavior of the volume of inhabitants from Brazil displacements when the means of transportation is the interstate bus. A database was set up adopted specific with data published by government's from Brazil and collaboration of public companies, private and class entities. The data were handled to obtain a continuous group of information on the passengers' movement along 20 years, between 1980 and 2000. Tendencies and behavior of the own number of passengers, medium distance for trip, medium number of trips and distance travels for inhabitant from Brazil were studied. The estimates obtained from linear regression analysis of generate series of growing tendency for the number of transported passengers. But, estimates obtained using temporal series identified tendencies for the stability or the reduction of the estimated values for the studied variables.

Esta tese relata e discute conclusões, métodos e processos usados para mostrar que tendências identificadas ao estudar relações estatísticas entre o número de passageiros transportados, distâncias entre cidades e número de habitantes, variáveis que podem contribuir para explicar o comportamento do volume de deslocamentos de habitantes do Brasil quando o meio de transporte for o ônibus interestadual. Foi montado um banco de dados adotado específico com dados publicados por órgãos públicos de governo do Brasil e colaboração de empresas públicas, privadas e entidades de classe. Os dados foram manuseados para se obter um conjunto contínuo de informação sobre o movimento de passageiros ao longo de 20 anos, entre 1980 e 2000. Foram estudados tendências e comportamento do próprio número de passageiros, distância média por viagem, número médio de viagens e distância viajada por habitante do Brasil. Concluiu-se que estimativas obtidas por análise de regressão linear geram séries de tendência crescente. Mas, estimativas obtidas por uso de séries temporais identificaram tendências para a estabilidade ou a redução dos valores estimados para as variáveis estudadas. / This thesis reports and discusses conclusions, methods and processes used to show that identified tendencies when studying statistical relationships among the number of transported passengers, distances between cities and number of inhabitants can contribute to explain the behavior of the volume of inhabitants from Brazil displacements when the means of transportation is the interstate bus. A database was set up adopted specific with data published by government's from Brazil and collaboration of public companies, private and class entities. The data were handled to obtain a continuous group of information on the passengers' movement along 20 years, between 1980 and 2000. Tendencies and behavior of the own number of passengers, medium distance for trip, medium number of trips and distance travels for inhabitant from Brazil were studied. The estimates obtained from linear regression analysis of generate series of growing tendency for the number of transported passengers. But, estimates obtained using temporal series identified tendencies for the stability or the reduction of the estimated values for the studied variables.

Esta dissertação relata resultados de ações de uma tentativa para mostrar que entrevistas a passageiros, escalas para comparação, e estudos sobre variáveis que caracterizam a qualidade de meios para transporte podem fornecer informações e dados que facilite a comparação entre as viagens urbanas de ônibus ou peruas. O processo usado foi identificar e quantificar variáveis que expressem medidas sobre características de qualidade em transporte de passageiros nas cidades. O manuseio e análise de dados adotou distribuições estatísticas e escalas para comparação. Os argumentos foram obtidos em um estudo de caso, o transporte de passageiros em Jaboatão dos Guararapes, estado de Pernambuco. Foram expostos os principais conceitos usados, em particular “escalas” obtidas a partir de entrevistas a usuários; caracterização de estudo de caso e o manuseio dos dados. Os resultados podem contribuir para orientar decisões sobre ações que alterem o processo de competição entre os dois meios de transporte. / This dissertation reports the results obtained from actions of an attempt to show that opinions of passengers, scales for comparison, and studies on variables that characterize the quality of transportation modes can supply information and data to facilitate the comparison between the urban trips using buses or vans. The used process was to identify and to quantify variables to express measures on quality characteristics in passengers'' transport in the cities. The handling and analysis of data adopted statistical distributions and scales for comparison. The arguments were obtained in a case study, the passengers'' transport in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. There were exposed the main used concepts on “scales” obtained starting from interviews to users; characterization of case study and the handling of the data. The conclusions can contribute to guide decisions about actions that alter the competition process among buses and vans.

Magíster en Gestión y Dirección de Empresas / El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la factibilidad estratégica, técnica y económica del diseño de una estrategia de crecimiento de la empresa PasajeBus, que le permita alcanzar una participación de mercado B2C del 15% y una cobertura del 90% de las líneas de buses interurbanos de Chile en un plazo de 3 años. PasajeBus es un portal on-line de ventas de pasajes de buses interurbanos que, adicionalmente, proporciona otros servicios tecnológicos también asociados al transporte de pasajeros como lo son su sistema de gestión de flota de buses y de gestión de disponibilidad de inventario (asientos) de buses vía web. Los principales portales competidores identificados son: Recorrido.cl , VoyHoy.com , Viajaenbus.cl , Pullmanbus.cl y Turbus.cl . La alternativa de VoyHoy.com resultó ser aquella que oferta los pasajes al menor precio promedio del mercado en todos los segmentos B2C analizados. La primera etapa del trabajo consistió en un diagnóstico del cual se determinó que los segmentos más atractivos son: para el mercado B2C (clientes), aquel cuyo tramo distancia de viaje entre ciudades fuera mayor a 500 kms (mayor potencial de mercado calculado de $268 mil millones al año 2014) y, para el mercado B2B (empresas), aquel cuya flota fuese menor o igual a 1000 buses (por declarar mayor disposición a una eventual asociación con el portal). De la síntesis de hechos y factores clave se logró identificar los siguientes: alta valoración del factor precio y al hecho de contar con una aplicación smartphone para la compra de boletos (por parte de los clientes), escasa estrategia de publicidad y carencia total de promociones en cuanto a precios y /o servicios adicionales (por parte de PasajeBus). Por el lado de las empresas de buses, tan solo 55 de las 97 cumplieron con lo exigido por el segmento objetivo de clientes definido (inventario mayor a 31 asientos y cobertura distancia mayor a 500 kms). La propuesta de valor consistió en la formulación de una estrategia de enfoque en los segmentos B2B y B2C más atractivos ya mencionados y, dentro de ésta, una estrategia de precios bajos con enfoque en diferenciación. Ello permitió establecer un nivel de precios promedio más bajos que VoyHoy.com mediante la venta de pasajes a través de la aplicación smartphone, entre otros servicios adicionales. La evaluación económica arrojó que el proyecto es rentable con un VAN de $4 millones (en un horizonte de 3 años), y una TIR del 5% a una tasa de descuento del proyecto (wacc) del 5,33%. Luego, el objetivo planteado de crecimiento en participación de mercado es factible de realizar en el plazo establecido. No obstante lo anterior, dentro del mercado B2B la estrategia planteada no permite lograr el 90% de asociación de empresas (tan solo fue posible considerar un máximo del 56,7%), por lo cual el proyecto, en conjunto, no es posible de lograr considerando los objetivos inicialmente establecidos.

Actualmente la ciudad de Santiago cuenta con un conjunto de terminales concentrados en el sector centro-poniente, en la comuna de Estación Central y de Santiago. Esta ubicación se sustentaría en la accesibilidad que se tiene para toda la ciudad de manera igualitaria por estar en el centro de la misma, con una excelente conectividad con el transporte público (metro y micros), además de ser focos de desarrollo comercial.

Mass transportation systems, specifically bus systems, are a key element of the national transportation network. Buses are one of the safest forms of transportation; nonetheless, bus crashes resulting in occupant injuries and fatalities do occur. According to Traffic Safety Facts reports from 1999 to 2003, an average of 40 fatalities and 18,430 injuries of bus occupants have occurred per year, with side impact accounting for 14 % according to type of impact and by initial point of impact it accounts for 36%. A full scale crash test is considered the most reliable source of information regarding structural integrity and safety of motor vehicles. However, the high cost of such tests and difficulties in collecting data has resulted in an increasing interest in the analytical and computational methods of evaluation. With the advancement in computer simulations, full finite element validated vehicle models are being analyzed for different impact scenarios to predict vehicle behavior and occupant response. This thesis research work presents the procedure for development of a finite element (FE) model of a mass transit bus and the results of its crashworthiness and structural integrity analysis. The finite element model is developed by extracting mid-surface from solid cad model. This model is a detailed model with all parts. All parts are connected using different multi point constraints and special links with failure to model actual types of structural connections such as bolts and spot welds. LS-DYNA non-linear, explicit, 3-D, dynamic FE computer code was used to simulate behavior of the transit bus under different side impact scenarios. A parametric study is done to study structural response of transit bus when impacted by vehicles of different masses, sizes and shapes. A multibody analysis is done to study occupant response to different side impact crash conditions. / Thesis (M.S.)--Wichita State University, College of Engineering, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering / "December 2006."

A common configuration in buses is that the engine is placed in the rear of the bus and that the batteries are placed in thefront of the bus due to optimization of the distribution of the weight. The long wires running between the engine and the batteries together with large power consuming units, such as fans and air condition units, result in voltage drops. The voltage drops contribute to the battery charging voltage level being lower than desired. The aim with this thesis work is to implement a control system that increases the battery voltage level when the voltage drops occur. Measurements are performed on an articulated bus that is in focus throughout the whole thesis work. A model for the electrical circuit of the bus is created and used when investigating the stability of the control system. The control system isimplemented in the bus, where also verification tests are performed. The verification tests confirm that the control system raises the battery charging voltage to the desired level. The increased voltage level makes the batteries reach a higher state of charge in shorter time since the control system provides the batteries with more charge.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1981.

The purpose of the study was to examine and report on the Vehicle Scheduling Program as provided to the Northern Wells Community School Corporation by the Indiana State Department of Public Instruction. Specifically, the study examined, compared, and analyzed the results of the VSP computer program with the results of the traditional method of scheduling buses in the Northern Wells Community School Corporation. The examinations, analysis, and comparisons involved the following factors:1. Number of buses required.2. Number of bus routes required.3. Number of miles traveled by buses.4. Number of minutes required by buses to complete routes.Data from the study resulted in the following findings:1. A number of districts which have utilized data processing techniques to schedule school bus fleets have experienced substantial financial savings.2. The amount of time required by administrators to prepare data for such computer programs is more extensive than the time required to prepare manual routes.