Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the opportunities that Industry 4.0 brings within the framework of applying Cyber Physical Systems in an environment of a Smart Factory. This paper shall identify the changes within daily business processes and the impact of these changes on the daily business life. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is carried out as a case study research. Due to a qualitative approach for this case study interviews are conducted and the results are analyzed and discussed. Findings: Industry 4.0 will change the way we are working today and influence businesses and business processes in many ways. Data handling, processes and efficiency will change and the way we perceive manufacturing will change in a long term view. Further Research: It would be recommended to expand this research by conducting more research in this particular field as well as impacts on the employee should be studied more in detail.

While several approaches exist for modeling goals and business processes in organizations, the relationships between these two views are often not well defined. This inhibits the effective reuse of available knowledge in models. This thesis aims to address this issue through the introduction of a Goal-oriented Pattern Family (GoPF) framework that helps constructing business process models from organization goals while expanding these goals, establishing traceability relationships between the goal and process views, and improving reusability. Methods for extracting domain knowledge as patterns, which are composed of goal model building blocks, process model building blocks, and their relationships, and for maintaining the patterns over time are also presented. The GoPF framework provides the infrastructure for defining pattern families, i.e., collections of related patterns for particular domains. The foundation of GoPF is formalized as a profile of the User Requirements Notation, a standard modeling language that supports goals, scenarios, and links between them. A method for the use of GoPF is defined and then illustrated through a case study that targets the improvement of patient safety in healthcare organizations. The framework and the extraction/maintenance methods are also validated against another case study involving aviation security in a regulatory environment. The GoPF framework is expected to have a positive impact on the scientific community through the formalization, evolution, and reuse of patterns in domain-specific business domains. From an industrial viewpoint, this framework will also help intermediary organizations (such as consulting firms) who are required to repeatedly create and document goal and process models for other organizations in their business domain.

Problem/Purpose: Process prioritisation is an ill-structured and complex problem that remains a mystery phase in business process management (BPM) research. More explorative approaches are called upon to tackle process management problems, to facilitate process innovation and to design new processes in dynamic environments. This dissertation aims (i) to design and evaluate a Prioritisation and Categorisation Method (PCM) for addressing process prioritisation problems; and (ii) to explore process innovation by disruptive technologies. Research methods: This research follows the design science research (DSR) paradigm. The design exploration and the engaged scholarship approaches are also adapted. The demonstration and evaluation of the Prioritisation and Categorisation Method have been conducted with case studies in large Swedish companies, i.e. Seco Tools and Ericsson. An empirical study of the impacts of disruptive technologies on process innovation was conducted at a large insurance company in Sweden. Results: This research has led to the design and evaluation of the PCM: a new context-aware, effective and holistic method for BPM. In addition, the lessons learnt from the insurance case deepened the understanding of the challenges that are faced by a company when exploring new capabilities (e.g. processes and IT) for future business. Such lessons also emphasise the necessity of configuring PCM based upon business contingencies and industry factors in process prioritisation. Contributions: This dissertation contributes a novel method to explore BPM in a holistic, yet flexible and effective way. The challenges identified in process innovations improve the configuration capabilities of the PCM through a deeper understanding of the dynamic capabilities within organisations (Capability Layer Model-CLM). This research contributes design knowledge to DSR in the forms of the PCM as an invention, and the three design principles for the PCM: design by holistics, design by commitments and design by explorations. The research is evaluated as good BPM and good design science research.

Deoiling of petroleum wastewater is a major concern in petroleum process engineering. The conventional design procedure for deoiling systems consists of nine consecutive stages involving different people or groups. This thesis considers reengineering the conventional procedure, with the aim of increasing the efficiency of the process and productivity of people involved. The thesis then investigates the development of the appropriate computer support tools for the new procedure. The reengineering of the procedure is based on concepts proposed by Hammer (1990). The resulting procedure consists of four stages, where parallelism of the different tasks in the conventional procedure is explicitly considered. A model of the new procedure is described in UML (Unified Modelling Language). The advantage of using UML instead of using just natural language description is that UML uses graphical representation that is easy to use and less prone to ambiguity. Based on the new procedure, a decision support system called CODES (Conceptual DEsign of deoiling Systems) was designed and implemented. CODES supports the stages of wastewater assessment, equipment options at different locations, treatment disposal options and recommendations for final process configuration. Two Case Studies using operating field data are reported. The Case Studies using CODES proved to be straightforward to use and produced appropriate comments on the performance of the existing designs and proposed alternatives to satisfy the design requirements. CODES results agreed with knowledge from previous plant trials. The contribution of this thesis to the deoiling design process is twofold. Firstly, a critical review of the conventional procedure has resulted in a new one, which has potential benefits of improving a company's efficiency by reducing the number of people and activities involved, and shortening the design time. Secondly, the feasibility of applying the new procedure and CODES is successfully demonstrated through the case studies. Limitations and areas of extensions are also identified.

Disruptive change transforms existing organizational processes. Newspaper organizations such as Orlando Sentinel Communications (OSC) tend to resist process change. As with most newspaper companies in the United States, OSC management was confronted with unprecedented disruptive change and challenges by the accelerated evolution of its business models and processes. This investigation identified and modeled OSC circulation processes to support disruptive change initiatives. The XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) is an XML specification and process modeling solution developed by the Workflow Management Coalition (WFMC) designed to exchange workflow process semantics and graphics. This investigation focused on developing an XPDL process model of OSC circulation processes to address process transformations inherent to disruptive change. The method was a case study of OSC circulation processes through the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) framework to develop a reproducible XPDL process model for OSC to use in planning for disruptive change. The investigation found that XPDL to be well-suited as the language for expressing workflow models to plan, align, and implement processes that anticipate disruptive change. The results of this research also confirmed that organizational values, workflow activities, and subflows play a prominent role in an incumbent organization's response to disruptive change. Finally, this study established that process model metainformation associated with workflow activities, transitions, and resources are core attributes in planning for disruptive change.

Sistemas BPMS surgiram com o objetivo de suportar o modus operandi da gestão por processos nas organizações. Tais sistemas possuem diversas premissas que envolvem a grande interação de usuários de negócio na sua implantação e operação, amparadas por evoluções tecnológicas que permitem a redução drástica de programação e integração com sistemas legados, além do fácil desenvolvimento de indicadores e alteração de regras de negócio. Existem poucos estudos que focam na implantação de sistemas BPMS e avaliação de tais fatores. Esta dissertação buscou através da realização de levantamento bibliográfico e da condução de pesquisa de campo ampliar o conhecimento acerca do tema. A implantação de um sistema BPMS foi realizada através da aplicação de uma pesquisa-ação, o que permitiu a interação e avaliação do tema frente a pontos considerados pela literatura, assim como a descoberta de possíveis fatores a serem considerados. Os resultados obtidos revelam que as proposições não se confirmaram totalmente, o que aponta para um possível distanciamento entre a teoria e a prática. Da mesma forma aponta uma tendência da redução de programação e maior envolvimento de usuários de negócio na implantação e operação de tais sistemas. / BPMS systems have emerged with the goal of supporting the modus operandi of business process management in organizations. Such systems have many assumptions that involve higher interaction of business in its deployment and operation, supported by technological evolutions that allow drastic reduction of programming and integration with legacy systems, beyond the easy development of indicators and changing business rules. There are few studies that focus on BPMS deployment and evaluation of these factors. This dissertation searched through bibliography and the conduction of a field research to extend the knowledge about the subject. The deployment of a BPMS system was carried out by applying research-action method, allowing interaction and evaluation of the theme according to points considered by literature, as well as the discovery of potential factors to consider. The results obtained reveal that the propositions were not fully confirmed, which points to a possible rift between theory and practice. Similarly, it points to a trend of programming reduction and greater involvement of business users in deployment and operation of such systems.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa é uma proposta de modelo de mapeamento e gestão por macroprocessos. Também explora as ligações entre estratégia em operações, gestão por macroprocessos e cultura organizacional. Após revisão da literatura sobre esses temas, é proposto um modelo para o mapeamento dos processos organizacionais incluindo os orientados ao cliente, os de apoio e os de gestão do sistema. Ao modelo é agregada uma componente de cultura organizacional, propondo-se uma metáfora para incentivar os participantes ao trabalho em equipe. O modelo é testado contra dois relevantes referenciais de gestão, sendo o primeiro de “requisitos propostos pelas normas da família NBR ISO 9000" e o segundo de “estado da arte da gestão para a excelência do desempenho e o aumento da competitividade". O modelo é aplicado em sete organizações dos setores industrial, de serviços e governamental. O pesquisador participa diretamente dos trabalhos de implementação do modelo. Com base nos resultados obtidos, é explorado o relacionamento entre as estratégias em operações, a cultura organizacional e a gestão por macroprocessos. Conclui-se que a existência de uma estratégia definida favorece, mas não impõe a adoção da gestão por macroprocessos. Por outro lado, a adoção da gestão por macroprocessos induz ao estabelecimento de uma estratégia ou permite sua expansão, ao mesmo tempo em que reforça a cultura organizacional para a qualidade / This research proposes a model to process mapping and process management. It also investigates the relationship between three concepts: operations strategy, process management and organizational culture. After reviewing the literature about these three concepts, we propose a new model to represent organizational processes, including those of support, of system management, in addition to those which are client oriented. A cultural component is added to the model, and a metaphor is used in order to gather people to work in teams. The proposed model is then compared to two important management models: the first is the “requirements of ISO 9000 family", and the second is “the state of art in organizational performance management for increasing competitive goals". To test the model, we conducted a field research that encompassed seven companies belonging to manufacturing, services and governmental fields. The researcher participated directly in the implementation of the model. Based on the results, the relationship between the three previously mentioned concepts is explored. Our conclusions are that a formalized strategy is not obligatory, but benefits the implementation of process management. On the other hand, adoption of process management can provide more power to the strategies, as well as reinforce the organizational culture for quality.

As demandas de um mercado cada vez mais dinâmico e global exigiram das organizações um formato mais flexível que as rígidas estruturas funcionais, sendo que a Gestão por Processos (BPM) surgiu como uma alternativa a tal necessidade. Para auxiliar o sucessos de iniciativas de promoção de BPM, a literatura apresenta os Fatores Críticos de Sucesso de BPM e, dentre eles, está a Arquitetura de Processos (AP). A AP é definida como o que a organização faz sob o ponto de vista de processos, porém, outras definições e considerações quanto à sua importância são apresentadas dispersas na literatura, bem como métodos para sua elaboração, sem que haja um consenso dos conceitos e etapas para construção. Esta dificuldade de consenso foi identificada por um grupo de pesquisa engajado em promover BPM em uma unidade de ensino de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES) pública brasileira que identificou a necessidade de elaborar sua AP, mas não encontrou um método que fosse consensual entre praticantes e teóricos de BPM. A partir deste contexto, surgiu o problema da presente pesquisa e seu objetivo principal: desenvolver um método de elaboração de Arquitetura de Processos e aplicar em uma unidade de uma IES pública brasileira. Para alcançar este objetivo a pesquisa utilizou-se de dois procedimentos metodológicos: 1. Revisão da literatura científica para consolidação do conhecimento acerca do tema AP, tanto dos seus conceitos quanto de seus métodos de elaboração e 2. Pesquisa-ação desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa em conjunto com colaboradores da organização para aplicação e análise do método proposto. Os resultados foram: a identificação de cinco aspectos relevantes da AP, a avaliação dos métodos existentes na literatura, a proposição de um novo método e, por fim, a aplicação do novo método na unidade em questão da IES pública. A originalidade do trabalho foi a consolidação do conhecimento do tema AP, a elaboração de um método que pode servir como guia para outras organizações e a própria AP elaborada com base no contexto da IES. / The increasingly dynamic and global market demanded of organizations a format more flexible than the rigid functional structures, and the Business Process Management (BPM) has emerged as an alternative to such a need. To help the success of initiatives for promoting BPM, the literature presents the Critical Success Factors for BPM and among them is the Process Architecture (PA). So basic, AP is defined as what the organization does from the point of view of processes, however, other definitions and considerations regarding their importance are presented scattered in the literature, as well as methods for their development, without a consensus of the concepts and steps for construction. This lack of consensus has been identified by a research group engaged in promoting BPM in a brazilian public unit of education of a Higher Education Institution (HEI) who attested to the need to develop their PA, but did not find a method that was consensus among practitioners and theoretical of BPM. From that context, the problem that arose as motivation of this research and its main objective was: to develop a method for developing Process Architecture and apply it in a unit of a brazilian public HEI. To achieve this goal the research used two main methodological procedures: 1. Literature Reviews to consolidate the knowledge about the subject PA, both of their concepts as their methods of elaboration and 2. Research-action developed by the research group in conjunction with the organization\'s employees for application and analysis of the proposed method. The results were: the identification of five relevant aspects of AP, the evaluation of existing methods in the literature, the proposal of a new method, and finally, the application of the new method in the relevant unit of HEI. The main contributions of the research were the consolidation of knowledge of the subject AP, devising a method that may serve as a guide for other organizations and the very elaborate AP based on the context of the HEI.

A remanufatura é um processo industrial em que produtos usados são restaurados à condição de novos. Apesar de receber crescente atenção pelos meios empresarial e acadêmico, as pesquisas relacionadas muitas vezes são tratadas de forma fragmentada e de maneira difícil de incorporar às atividades das empresas. Neste sentido, a abordagem de processos de negócio pode ser usada para analisar e integrar as atividades de remanufatura, e a primeira ação para isto é a identificação dos processos e sua modelagem. Alguns modelos de referência para remanufatura e outras opções de recuperação de produtos têm sido desenvolvidos. Contudo, alguns deles são focados em tópicos pontuais da remanufatura, comumente a logística reversa e operações. Outros modelos que incorporam outros processos ou níveis de decisão, não tratam das particularidades da remanufatura. Para preencher esta lacuna, este trabalho apresenta o GRem Gerenciar a Remanufatura, um modelo que visa integrar os diferentes tipos de processos de negócio para a remanufatura. A estrutura é dividida em seis grupos de processos e permite a sistematização de boas práticas da remanufatura. A versão preliminar do modelo foi desenvolvida a partir de uma base conceitual teórico-empírica, composta da literatura e de estudos de casos. Novos estudos de casos, análise crítica por especialistas da academia e avaliação por profissionais da indústria constituíram iterações que resultaram na versão final do modelo. Espera-se que a estrutura facilite o planejamento e operação da remanufatura e a identificação de técnicas, ferramentas e práticas de apoio. Pretende-se ainda contribuir para o desenvolvimento e difusão do conhecimento sobre a remanufatura, sendo um instrumento de comunicação entre academia e indústria. / Remanufacture is an industrial process in which worn-out products are restored to as new condition. Although its growing attention by academy and industry, related research topics are still addressed in a fragmented way and it is difficult to embody them to companies activities. In this sense, business processes approaches can be used to analyse and integrate remanufacturing activities, and the first step to this is processes identification and modelling. Some reference models for remanufacturing and other product recovery option have been developed. Nevertheless, some of them focus on remanufacturing scattered topics, usually reverse logistics and operations. Other models cover other processes or decision levels, but do not capture remanufacturing specificities. In order to fulfil this lacuna, this study presents a business processes model for remanufacture, which intends for integration of remanufacturing cross-company processes. The framework is grouped into six process groups and also ground for systematization of reported remanufacturing-related good practices. Preliminary version was constructed from a theoretical and empirical conceptual basis, comprised for literature and case studies. Other case studies, critical analysis by academic experts and evaluation by industry practitioners were iterative steps which resulted in the final version of the model. This framework is supposed to make easier for industry practitioners planning their remanufacturing operations and find tools, techniques and other practices for supporting the remanufacturing business processes. It is also expected to contribute for spreading existing remanufacturing knowledge and development of it by the two-hand academic-industry communication.

L’essor du Cloud Computing, permettant de partager les coûts et les ressources au travers de la virtualisation, présage une interconnexion dynamique et flexible entre entreprises et fournisseurs. Cependant, cette mise en commun de ressources, données et savoir-faire implique de nouvelles exigences en termes de sécurité. En effet, le manque de confiance dans les structures du Cloud est souvent vu comme un frein au développement de tels services. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les concepts d’orchestration de services, de confiance et de gestion des risques dans le contexte du Cloud. La contribution principale est un framework permettant de déployer des processus métiers dans un environnement Cloud, en limitant les risques de sécurité liés à ce contexte. La contribution peut être séparée en trois partie distinctes qui prennent la forme d'une méthode, d'un modèle et d'un framework. La méthode catégorise des techniques pour transformer un processus métier existant en un modèle sensibilisé (ou averti) qui prend en compte les risques de sécurité spécifiques aux environnements Cloud. Le modèle formalise les relations et les responsabilités entre les différents acteurs du Cloud. Ce qui permet d'identifier les différentes informations requises pour évaluer et quantifier les risques de sécurité des environnements Cloud. Le framework est une approche complète de décomposition de processus en fragments qui peuvent être automatiquement déployés sur plusieurs Clouds. Ce framework intègre également un algorithme de sélection qui combine les information de sécurité avec d'autres critère de qualité de service pour générer des configuration optimisées. Finalement, les travaux sont implémentés pour démontrer la validité de l'approche. Le framework est implémenté dans un outil. Le modèle d'évaluation des risques de sécurité Cloud est également appliqué dans un contexte de contrôle d'accès. La dernière partie présente les résultats de l'implémentation de nos travaux sur un cas d'utilisation réel. / Nowadays service ecosystems rely on dynamic software service chains that span over multiple organisations and providers. They provide an agile support for business applications, governments of end-users. This trend is reinforced by the Cloud based economy that allows sharing of costs and resources. However, the lack of trust in such cloud environments, that involve higher security requirements, is often seen as a braking force to the development of such services. The objective of this thesis is to study the concepts of service orchestration and trust in the context of the Cloud. It proposes an approach which supports a trust model in order to allow the orchestration of trusted business process components on the cloud. The contribution is threefold and consists in a method, a model and a framework. The method categorizes techniques to transform an existing business process into a risk-aware process model that takes into account security risks related to cloud environments. The model formalizes the relations and the responsibilities between the different actors of the cloud. This allows to identify the different information required to assess and quantify security risks in cloud environments. The framework is a comprehensive approach that decomposes a business process into fragments that can automatically be deployed on multiple clouds. The framework also integrates a selection algorithm that combines security information with other quality of service criteria to generate an optimized configuration. Finally, the work is implemented in order to validate the approach. The framework is implemented in a tool. The security assessment model is also applied over an access control model. The last part presents the results of the implementation of our work on a real world use case.