No description available.

Cyberbullying, defined as any behavior performed through electronic or digital media by individuals or groups that repeatedly communicates hostile or aggressive messages intended to inflict harm or discomfort on others, is a widespread problem. Bystanders play an integral role in the initiation, maintenance, and prolonged presence of such aggressive behaviors, but have thus far been overlooked in cyberbullying literature. Cyberbullying bystanders are defined in this study as those who witness cyberbullying, either within or outside their personal social network(s) and whose available responses range from inaction to intervention. Operating from a social-ecological perspective and guided by multiple goals theories, this study used focus group methodology and found that cyberbullying bystanders have an impact on perpetration and victimization by way of multiple, distinct goals, which impact their choice of behavioral response. Bystanders’ goals and behaviors served to inform the creation of a cyberbullying bystander typology inclusive of five types: the oblivious/distant bystander, the entertained bystander, the conspiring bystander, the unintentional instigating bystander, and the active/empowered bystander. By allowing a thorough, nuanced understanding of bystanders’ role in cyberbullying, the study has significant implications for communication theory and practical application in the development of prevention and intervention efforts.

The present thesis offers an innovative perspective analysing the perception of Turkish atrocities against the Ottoman Greek communities during the temporal period May 1919-December 1922 through the Athenian newspapers Estia and Empros, which were committed to the ubiquitous Greek irredentist vision of the Megali Idea. Delving into theories which emphasize on the political nature of nationalism, on national mobilisation and on the exploitation of mass communication by the elite, this thesis attempts to elaborate on the inclusion of the Ottoman Greeks into an expanded Greek nation-state, based on the principle of self-determination. Hence, from the Greek Press' perspective, the presented Turkish atrocities against a part of the Greek nation and potential subjects of a broadened Greek state had been contextualized on the basis of Greek nationalism. The study shows that, despite the widespread and divided Greek communities in the Ottoman Empire/Turkey, Estia and Empros were declaring that their common denominator had been their Greek self-determination and the fact that all these communities were viewing the Greek state and the Greek army as their guarantors for their safety. Adding to the agents of Hellenism also the Ecumenical Patriarchate, Estia and Empros were highlighting the crucial role of these agents towards the endangered Ottoman Greek communities. Thus, the presentation of the respective information in the newspapers was leaning on this theoretical schema.

霸凌事件頻繁出現在各大報章雜誌，霸凌受害者在霸凌事件中經常處於權力不均等的地位，無法主動求援。借鏡西方之成功反霸凌計畫，發現霸凌事件中旁觀者的反應對於揭露、制止霸凌有相當之重要性。本研究將霸凌旁觀者區分為保護者以及局外者，過往研究發現兩者雖同為霸凌事件之旁觀者，然其行為結果卻有截然不同的影響。保護者行為的出現，可使學生對校園安全感受提高並有助於降低霸凌發生率，局外者行為則否。本研究參考Latané 與 Darley（1970）提出之旁觀者決策歷程模式等助人行為理論，推論學生對霸凌的態度、個人責任感，以及同儕團體規範會影響旁觀者的行為傾向，期望透過本研究了解國中學生旁觀霸凌事件的反應傾向，以及影響旁觀者行為之個人及同儕因素。 本研究採取實證典範之調查研究方法，研究樣本包和高雄市都會區國民中學421位學生，並且採用描述性統計、T檢定、單因子變異數分析以及多元迴歸等研究方法，依據受試者在「旁觀者行為」量表、霸凌「態度」量表、「個人責任感」量表以及「同儕團體規範」量表之得分進行統計分析。研究發現如下： 一、高雄市都會區國中學生，具有中度之保護者行為以及局外者行為傾向。 二、女性相較於男性較傾向出現保護者行為，對霸凌持較高的反對態度，且對「朋友」具有較高之個人責任感。 三、學生對「同學」之「個人責任感」受到「年級」所影響，「七年級」學生對於同學之個人責任感高於「八、九年級」學生。 四、學生對於「同學」之「個人責任感」以及「同儕團體規範」可以預測「保護者行為傾向」以及「局外者行為傾向」。 最後，依據本研究的結果提出實務建議與未來研究方向。 / Bullying is frequently reported in major newspapers and magazines. Bullying victims are usually in a disadvantaged position making them unable to call for help on their own. Successful anti-bullying programs in the west have found that bystanders hold an important role in the disclosure or cessation of bullying incidents. This study classified bystanders into defenders and outsiders. Although both are bystanders, defenders could increase a sense of security on campus and reduce the incidence of bullying. Outsiders, on the other hand, could not achieve such effect. Using Latané & Darley, s decision-tree model of bystander intervention, this study hypothesized that personal attitude and responsibility and peer group norm toward bullying would affect bystander behavior in the incidence of bullying. This study aimed to understand the way Taiwanese junior high students responded to bullying and factors that might affect bystander behavior. Using survey research method, data were collected from 421 junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area as samples using questionnaires, including bystander behavior scale, bullying attitude scale, personal responsibility scale, and peer group norms scale. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics、t-tests、one way ANOVAs, and multiple regressions, were used, and the results are reported in the following: 1.Junior high school students in Kaohsiung Metropolitan Area had above average scores in their behavioral tendency as defenders or outsiders in incidence of bullying. 2.Female tended to have more defender behavior than male did. Also, female tended to oppose bullying more strongly and showed more sense of personal responsibility if “a friend” was bullied. 3.“Seventh graders” showed stronger sense of personal responsibility than 8th and 9th graders. 4.The sense of personal responsibility if “a classmate” was bullied and peer group norm (peers tended to aid the victims) both predicted behavioral tendency as defenders and outsider. Implications and future directions were discussed.

This master thesis investigates abusive conduct in circus schools. Focus is put on the management level in order to achieve and provide knowledge of measures and attitudes related to prevention. The theoretical framework for the thesis is built on understanding knowledge as situated and the creation of normative borders producing ways for practitioners of identifying with artistic disciplines. Moreover, the thesis takes a structural understanding of abusive conduct. Stating the lack of research within circus schools, the thesis builds upon a research background relying on sports and academia as fields of reference. Research from these related fields are argued to help artistic education such as circus schools to make up for lost time. The data of this thesis comes from a survey conducted within a global federation of professional circus schools, FEDEC, and the results were thematically analyzed in eight categories. The results reflect circus schools as mainly willing actors against abusive conduct. However, the survey also shows a discipline that is in need of deeper knowledge in order to better apply policies and effectively prevent abuse. The respondents show varying degrees of uncertainty regarding policies and in certain cases refer to direct unwillingness to engage with designated safeguarding procedures, attitudes that must be seen as incompatible with management of any artistic school. In conclusion, this thesis argues that circus (and indeed other artistic) schools are in need of better knowledge and further research in order to better account for transparency, active leadership and bystanding dynamics within the specific social fields of the respective disciplines. Finally it is suggested that further research into identifying and naming problems related to cultures of abuse may help circus schools and other social actors within Circus to put these questions on the agenda. / Ce mémoire de Master étudie les comportements violents au sein des écoles du cirque. Il se concentre sur le rôle de la direction des écoles, dans le but de procurer les connaissances nécessaires à l’application des mesures et des attitudes relatives à la prévention. Le cadre théorique de ce mémoire s’appuie sur les concepts de “savoir situé” et de “frontières normatives”, permettant aux professionnel-le-s de s’identifier eux-mêmes et elles-mêmes aux disciplines artistiques. Ce mémoire inclut par ailleurs une analyse structurelle des comportements violents. Ayant constaté le peu d’observations effectuées au sein des écoles du cirque, il s’appuie sur des recherches ayant comme terrains de référence le sport et le milieu universitaire. La recherche issue de ces domaines connexes est utilisée pour permettre au secteur de l’éducation artistique, dont les écoles du cirque, de rattraper le temps perdu. Les données reprises dans ce mémoire proviennent d’une enquête menée au sein de la fédération mondiale des écoles du cirque, la FEDEC, et l’analyse des résultats est répartie en huit thématiques distinctes. Les résultats montrent que les écoles de cirque sont pour la plupart disposées à lutter contre les comportements violents. Cependant, l’enquête pointe également que la discipline requiert des connaissances plus approfondies pour pouvoir appliquer au mieux les règles en vigueur et empêcher efficacement les violences. Les répondant-e-s montrent des degrés divers de scepticisme concernant ces règles et, dans certains cas, une réticence directe à appliquer des mesures de protection spécifiques ; attitudes qui doivent être considérées comme incompatibles avec la gestion de toute école artistique. Enfin, il est suggéré que des recherches supplémentaires sur l’identification et la désignation des problèmes liés à la culture de la violence pourraient aider les écoles du cirque et d’autres acteurs sociaux au sein du monde du cirque à mettre ces questions à l’ordre du jour. En conclusion, ce mémoire soutient que les écoles de cirque (et bien d'autres établissements d’enseignement artistique) ont besoin de meilleures connaissances et de recherches plus approfondies afin de mieux rendre compte de la transparence, du leadership actif et des dynamiques d'observation au sein des domaines sociaux spécifiques des disciplines respectives. / <p>The English version was examinated 2021-06-11 and published 2021-07-01. The thesis was translated into French by the author. The translation was published 2022-03-31.</p>

The purpose of this research study was to explore the effectiveness of the KiVa anti-bullying programme with Grade 4 learners in a primary school, located in the Eden Central Karoo District of the Western Cape. Since bullying is a worldwide phenomenon, it is important to explore to what extent it is an issue in South Africa. International anti-bullying programmes, which are well researched and highly recommended, are described with an overview of the integration of systems theory with the practicalities of this research project. A mixed methods intervention design was used to collect data. Grade four learners completed questionnaires prior to and after implementation of the intervention programme, which comprised the quantitative data. The experiment schools Grade 4 Life Skills teachers led the implementation of the programme. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the Grade 4 teachers and the principal of the experiment school. The findings demonstrate that the implementation process over less than a year, did raise awareness and certain skills were developed and practised by learners. The effectiveness of the KiVa anti-bullying programme during a short period of six months, did establish consciousness and a change in attitude and behaviour. A statistically significant difference for two of the three categories, experiences at school (bullying) and about your life (well-being), of the questionnaire from before the implementation to after the implementation of the intervention programme was indicated at the experiment school. Thus, implications for future research regarding the implementation of the KiVa school-based programme are suggested. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

De utsattas erfarenheter av mobbning i arbetslivetMobbning eller kränkande särbehandling är en företeelse som reflekterar hur den psykosociala arbetsmiljön på arbetsplatser uppfattas av medarbetarna. Den psykosociala arbetsmiljön kan generera trivsel och gemenskap eller konflikter och utanförskap. Syfte med studien var att undersöka mobbning på olika arbetsplatser i Sverige, med fokus på stöd, hjälp och eventuella motverkande insatser, samt uppfattning om hur mobbning påverkar hälsan och välbefinnandet. Nio respondenter med olika yrken och från olika delar av Sverige intervjuades. Studiens resultat visade brister i stöd till de utsatta vilket berodde mest på passivt ledarskap, svag gruppdynamik, hög arbetsbelastning och orättvis arbetsfördelning samt brister i förebyggande insatser. Resultaten visade också att de utsatta upplevde påverkan på deras psykiska och fysiska hälsa samt på deras tillvaro. Studien visar att mobbning och kränkande särbehandling existerar i det svenska arbetslivet oavsett individernas yrkeserfarenhet, social, kulturell eller etnisk bakgrund.